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Biochar composites: Emerging trends, field successes and sustainability implications

SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT 2022年第1期38卷 14-38页

作者： Wang, Liuwei Ok, Yong Sik Tsang, Daniel C. W. Alessi, Daniel S. Rinklebe, Jorg Masek, Ondrej Bolan, Nanthi S. Hou, Deyi Tsinghua Univ Sch Environm Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Korea Univ APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program Korea Biochar Res Ctr Seoul South Korea Korea Univ Div Environm Sci & Ecol Engn Seoul South Korea Hong Kong Polytech Univ Dept Civil & Environm Engn Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China Univ Alberta Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci Edmonton AB Canada Univ Wuppertal Inst Fdn Engn Water & Waste Management Sch Architecture & Civil Engn Lab Soil & Groundwater Management Wuppertal Germany Sejong Univ Dept Environm Energy & Geoinformat Seoul South Korea Univ Edinburgh Sch GeoSci UK Biochar Res Ctr Edinburgh Midlothian Scotland Univ Newcastle Global Ctr Environm Remediat Callaghan NSW Australia

Engineered biochars are promising candidates in a wide range of environmental applications, including soil fertility improvement, contaminant immobilization, wastewater treatment and in situ carbon sequestration. This review provides a systematic classification of these novel biochar composites and identifies the promising future trends in composite research and application. It is proposed that metals, minerals, layered double hydroxides, carbonaceous nanomaterials and microorganisms enhance the performances of biochars via distinct mechanisms. In this review, four novel trends are identified and assessed critically. Firstly, facile synthesis methods, in particular ball milling and co-pyrolysis, have emerged as popular composite fabrication strategies that are suitable for large-scale applications. Secondly, biochar modification with green materials, such as natural clay minerals and microorganisms, align well with the on-going green and sustainable remediation (GSR) movement. Furthermore, new applications in soil health improvement and climate change mitigation support the realization of United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Finally, the importance of field studies is getting more attention, since evidence of field success is critically needed before large-scale applications.

关键词： climate change field trial life on lands SDGs soil quality sustainable remediation

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Plugging Effect of Fine Pore Water in Opc and LC3 Paste During Accelerated Carbonation Monitored Via Single-Sided Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Cheng, Luge Kurihara, Ryo Ohkubo, Takahiro Kitagaki, Ryoma Suda, Yuya Teramoto, Atsushi Maruyama, Ippei Department of Architecture Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Tokyo113-8656 Japan Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering Chiba University Chiba263-8522 Japan Division of Human Environmental Systems Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo060-8628 Japan Department of Architecture Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima739-8527 Japan Civil Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering University of the Ryukyus Okinawa903-0213 Japan Nagoya University Japan

This study focuses on the investigation of the influence of CO2 concentration on the carbonation process in cementitious paste using ordinary Portlandite cement and limestone-calcined clay cement, specifically on the water content distribution. Employing single-sided nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for water profiling, we revealed that the water content of fine pores (interlayer space and gel pores) was consistent at the carbonation front under accelerated carbonation processes with CO2 concentrations of 5% and 1%, demonstrating the plugging effect where fine pore water governs the carbonation progress. This effect was absent under natural carbonation conditions because of the carbonation process was slower than drying. It was confirmed that the rate-determining mechanisms of natural and accelerated carbonation with CO2 concentrations greater than 1% were different. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbonation

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Composite floor system with cold-formed trussed beams and prefabricated concrete slab Selected and extended contribution of SDSS 2019

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STEEL CONSTRUCTION-DESIGN AND RESEARCH 2020年第1期13卷 12-21页

作者： Araujo de Seixas Leal, Luiz Alberto Batista, Eduardo de Miranda Univ Fed Bahia Sch Architecture Rua Caetano Moura 121 BR-40210905 Salvador BA Brazil Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro COPPE Civil Engn Program CP 68506 BR-21941972 Rio De Janeiro RJ Brazil

Steel-concrete composite floor systems represent a common solution for buildings, leading to reduced material consumption and improving the structural strength and flexural stiffness. Lightweight steel frame construction systems, based on the combination of thin-walled cold-formed steel members (CFS) and panels (e.g. wood, cementitious, gypsum plaster), may also benefit from the composite behaviour in the case of concrete slabs. In this context, full-scale experimental tests were conducted to evaluate the structural behaviour of a floor system conceived with 0.95 mm thick CFS trussed beams and prefabricated concrete slabs. An innovative solution for shear connectors was designed and tested in order to ensure full interaction between the CFS trussed beam and the concrete slab. The thin-walled channel (TWC) connector is based on a lipped channel CFS attached to the top chord of the truss by standard self-drilling screws. Experimental results indicate efficient behaviour of the TWC shear connectors with improved bending capacity of the floor system.

关键词： composite floor system shear connector thin-walled steel structure cold-formed steel member experimental analysis

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Brain Visualizer: A Tool for EEG Data Processing and 3D Brain Activity Visualization

Brain Visualizer: A Tool for EEG Data Processing and 3D Brai...

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International Conference on Extended Reality (XR Salento)

作者： Balloni, Emanuele Pierdicca, Roberto Paolanti, Marina Santarnecchi, Emiliano Univ Politecn Marche Dept Informat Engn DII Via Brecce Bianche 12 I-60131 Ancona Italy Univ Politecn Marche Dept Civil Engn Bldg & Architecture DICEA Via Brecce Bianche 12 I-60131 Ancona Italy Univ Macerata Dept Polit Sci Commun & Int Relat Via Don Minzoni 22-A I-62100 Macerata Italy Harvard Med Sch 25 Shattuck St Boston MA 02115 USA Massachusetts Gen Hosp Precis Neurosci & Neuromodulat Program PNN Gordon Ctr Med Imaging 125 Nashua St Boston MA 02114 USA Massachusetts Gen Hosp Network Control Lab Gordon Ctr Med Imaging 125 Nashua St Boston MA 02114 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783031717031;9783031717048

The ability to understand the complex architecture and dynamic functionality of the human brain is critical to the advancement of neuroscience research and clinical applications. Traditional 2D neuroimaging techniques often fall short in providing a comprehensive view of brain activity, particularly when attempting to correlate structural and functional data. This limitation affects our capacity to accurately diagnose and treat neurological disorders. To address this challenge, this paper describes the Brain Visualizer, a novel tool designed to process Electroencephalography (EEG) signals and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data to dynamically reconstruct and visualize brain activity in three dimensions. By integrating the high temporal resolution of EEG with the high spatial resolution of MRI, the Brain Visualizer provides a comprehensive and interactive representation of brain networks and tracts. The platform offers a user-friendly interface, advanced visualisation techniques and real-time interaction capabilities, making it a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians and educators. In addition, the tool has potential applications in the development of neuroadaptive systems and brain-computer interfaces, thereby advancing the field of neuroscience and improving the quality of life for people with disabilities.

关键词： Brain Visualization Computer Graphics EEG MRI 3D Brain Model Neuroimaging Brain-Computer Interface

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Factors affecting the CO2 emissions, cost efficiency and eco-strength efficiency of concrete containing rice husk ash: A database study

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CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS 2022年第0期326卷 126905-126905页

作者： Ozturk, Ece Ince, Ceren Derogar, Shahram Ball, Richard Middle East Tech Univ Sustainable Environm & Energy Syst Northern Cyprus Campus Mersin 10 Turkey Middle East Tech Univ Civil Engn Program Ctr Sustainabil Northern Cyprus Campus Mersin 10 Turkey European Univ Lefke Dept Civil Engn Fac Engn Mersin 10 Turkey Univ Bath Dept Architecture & Civil Engn BRE Ctr Innovat Construct Mat BRE CICM Fac Engn & Design Bath BA2 7AY Avon England

The agriculture industry has grown dramatically by about three times over the last 50 years due to the rapid population growth, improvements in green production technology and agricultural land development. Rice is the second most-consumed agricultural product globally. The rice husk ash (RHA), attained by burning the husk that is removed in the process of rice production, possesses high pozzolanic activity and therefore is a promising supplementary cementitious material. Despite the numerous studies on the successful incorporation of RHA in concrete in the literature, a comprehensive assessment on the sustainability aspects of these practices has not yet been solely and exclusively addressed. The paper reports findings from the analysis of a large database on the RHA incorporation in concrete. Principal sustainability components such as CO2 emissions, cost efficiency and eco-strength efficiency are described. The database, comprising over 1000 data points has been utilized to assess the key factors that have significant influences on the mechanical properties of concrete comprising RHA using the established set of criteria. Independent determination of the boundary conditions played a vital role in the sustainability assessment. The results showed that the use of RHA along with the other pozzolanic materials can yield a 25% diminution in the CO2 emissions generated during the concrete production in conjunction with a 65% rise in the cost efficiency of such practices. The findings reported in this study demonstrate improved sustainability for construction practice and highlight greener waste management routes that can be established for RHA.

关键词： Rice husk ash Waste utilisation Database CO(2 )emissions and cost efficiency Cleaner waste management alternative route Cement

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Sociodemographic inequalities in residential nighttime light pollution in urban Bulgaria: An environmental justice analysis

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ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024年第Part1期262卷 119803页

作者： Helbich, Marco Burov, Angel Dimitrova, Donka Markevych, Iana Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J. Dzhambov, Angel M. Univ Utrecht Fac Geosci Dept Human Geog & Spatial Planning Utrecht Netherlands Med Univ Plovdiv Strateg Res & Innovat Program Dev MU Plovdiv Hlth & Qual Life Green & Sustainable Environm Res Plovdiv Bulgaria Med Univ Plovdiv Environm Hlth Div Res Inst Plovdiv Bulgaria Univ Architecture Civil Engn & Geodesy Fac Architecture Dept Urban Planning Sofia Bulgaria Med Univ Plovdiv Fac Publ Hlth Dept Hlth Management & Hlth Econ Plovdiv Bulgaria Jagiellonian Univ Inst Psychol Krakow Poland Barcelona Inst Global Hlth Barcelona Spain Univ Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain CIBERESP Madrid Spain

Introduction: Outdoor nighttime light (NTL) is a potential anthropogenic stressor in urban settings. While ecological studies have identified outdoor NTL exposure disparities, uncertainties remain about disparities in individual exposure levels, particularly in Europe. Aim: To assess whether some populations are disproportionately affected by outdoor NTL at their residences in urban Bulgaria. Methods: We analyzed 2023 data from a representative cross-sectional survey of 4,270 adults from the five largest Bulgarian cities. Respondents' annual exposures to outdoor artificial nighttime luminance were measured using satellite imagery and assigned at their places of residence. We calculated the Gini coefficient as a descriptive NTL inequality measure. Associations between respondents' NTL exposure levels and sociodemographic characteristics were assessed by estimating quantile mixed regression models. Stratified regressions were fitted by gender and for each city. Results: We found moderate distributive NTL inequalities, as indicated by a Gini coefficient of 0.214. Regression analyses showed associations between greater NTL exposure and higher educational attainment. Respondents with incomes perceived as moderate experienced less NTL exposure at the 0.5 and 0.8 quantiles, while unemployed respondents experienced lower exposure at the 0.2 and 0.5 quantiles. We observed null associations for the elderly and non-Bulgarian ethnicities. Regardless of the quantile, greater population density was associated with higher NTL levels. Stratification by sex did not yield substantial differences in the associations. We observed notable city-specific heterogeneities in the associations, with differences in the magnitudes and directions of the associations and the NTL quantiles. Conclusions: NTL exposures appeared to embody an environmental injustice dimension in Bulgaria. Our findings suggest that some sociodemographic populations experience higher exposure levels to NTL;however, thos

关键词： Artificial light at night Nighttime light Environmental disparities Environmental justice Eastern Europe

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Simultaneous control of soil erosion and arsenic leaching at disturbed land using polyacrylamide modified magnetite nanoparticles

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SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020年 702卷 134997-000页

作者： Zheng, Min Huang, Zhen Ji, Haodong Qiu, Fuguo Zhao, Dongye Bredar, Alexandria R. C. Farnum, Byron H. Sun Yat Sen Univ Sch Marine Sci Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong Peoples R China Auburn Univ Dept Civil Engn Environm Engn Program Auburn AL 36849 USA Beijing Univ Civil Engn & Architecture Sch Environm & Energy Engn Beijing 100044 Peoples R China Auburn Univ Dept Chem & Biochem Auburn AL 36849 USA

Rapid urbanization and human disturbance of land often results in serious soil erosion and releases of fine sediments and soil-bound toxic metals/metalloids. Yet, technologies for simultaneously controlling soil erosion and metals/metalloids leaching have been lacking. This study developed a new class of polyacrylamide-dispersed magnetite (PAM-MAG) nanoparticles and tested the effectiveness for simultaneous control of soil erosion and arsenic leaching from a model soil. Two parallel box test setups (L x W x H: 91.4 x 30.5 x 7.6 cm) were constructed to test the releases of sediments and soluble pollutants from the surface soil under simulated rainfall conditions (intensity = 11.15 cm/hr). A sandy loam soil from a local quarry mining site was used as the model soil, and arsenate As(V) as a prototype leachable metalloid. A stable dispersion of PAM-MAG was prepared with 0.3 wt% of PAM and 0.1 g/L as Fe of magnetite. The results indicated that treating the soil with 5.985 g/m(2) of PAM-MAG was able to decrease cumulative soil mass loss in the runoff by 90.8% (from 254.50 +/- 0.10 g to 23.35 +/- 3.19 g), or turbidity of the runoff by 79.9% (from 244.5 +/- 27.5 NTU to 49.2 +/- 22.5 NTU). Compared to PAM only, the PAM-MAG suspension showed a 30% reduction of viscosity, allowing for easier application and transport of the nanoparticles in soil. Concurrently, the PAM-MAG treatment also immobilized 82.5% of water-leachable arsenate compared to untreated controls. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses revealed that arsenate was immobilized by magnetite nanoparticles through inner sphere surface complexation (Fe-O-As). Overall, the PAM-MAG based technology holds the promise for simultaneously controlling soil erosion and metal/metalloid releases from disturbed land. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Soil erosion Erosion control Polyacrylamide Metal immobilization Magnetite nanoparticles Stormwater

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Removal of diclofenac from wastewater: A comprehensive review of detection, characteristics and tertiary treatment techniques

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JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021年第6期9卷

作者： Alessandretti, Ingridy Toniciolli Rigueto, Cesar Vinicius Nazari, Mateus Torres Rosseto, Marieli Dettmer, Aline Univ Passo Fundo UPF Fac Engn & Architecture FEAR Chem Engn Course Passo Fundo RS Brazil Fed Univ Santa Maria UFSM Postgrad Program Food Sci & Technol PPGCTA Santa Maria RS Brazil Univ Passo Fundo UPF Fac Engn & Architecture FEAR Postgrad Program Civil & Environm Engn PPGEngn Passo Fundo RS Brazil

The increase in the consumption of diclofenac (DCF), the incorrect disposal of this pharmaceutical and the low efficiency of removal in wastewater treatment plants result in the detection of this emerging contaminant in different environmental compartments, especially in water resources. DCF can be toxic for several organisms according to its concentration. In this sense, the present review presents the occurrence of DCF in aqueous matrices around the world, the main characteristics of this contaminant and some alternative methods for DCF removal from synthetic aqueous media and real effluents, such as adsorption, membrane separation, and advanced oxidation processes. A bibliometric and systematic approach was performed to systematize the state-ofthe-art of the last 10 years, using Scopus as a database. It was concluded that the techniques presented are effective to DCF treatment, since a removal efficiency of up to 100% was found in the literature reviewed for each sole treatment. However, these techniques present limitations related to the large-scale efficiency, high costs, intermediate compounds production, and complexity of the mechanisms of action. The integration of technologies is a promising alternative to overcome these limitations, but the implementation of a coupled system must consider several factors, especially for real effluents. Finally, we show how the advances in DCF techniques removal from aqueous matrices can positively impact several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations.

关键词： Emerging contaminants Adsorption Advanced oxidation processes Membrane separation processes Sustainable development goals

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Calibrating building energy simulation models: A review of the basics to guide future work

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ENERGY AND BUILDINGS 2021年 253卷 111533-111533页

作者： Chong, Adrian Gu, Yaonan Jia, Hongyuan Natl Univ Singapore Sch Design & Environm Dept Built Environm 4 Architecture Dr Singapore 117566 Singapore Chongqing Univ Sci & Technol Sch Civil Engn & Architecture Chongqing 401331 Peoples R China Berkeley Educ Alliance Res Singapore SinBerBEST Program Singapore 138602 Singapore

Building energy simulation (BES) plays a significant role in buildings with applications such as architec-tural design, retrofit analysis, and optimizing building operation and controls. There is a recognized need for model calibration to improve the simulations' credibility, especially with building data becoming increasingly available and the promises that a digital twin brings. However, BES calibration remains chal-lenging due to the lack of clear guidelines and best practices. This study aims to provide the foundation for future research through a detailed systematic review of the vital aspects of BES calibration. Specifically, we conducted a meta-analysis and categorization of the simulation inputs and outputs, data type and resolution, key calibration methods, and calibration performance evaluation. This study also identified reproducible simulations as a critical issue and proposes an incremental approach to encourage future research's reproducibility. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Building performance simulation Building simulation Calibration Reproducibility Optimization Uncertainty

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Modelling the relationships between local landscape features and habitat suitability of Genji-firefly Luciola cruciata using Random Forests

Modelling the relationships between local landscape features...

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International Symposium on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems (SCIS)

作者： Tomoya Ogami Shinji Fukuda Hirofumi Kakudo Graduate School of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Tokyo Japan Division of Environmental and Agricultural Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Tokyo Japan Program in Architecture Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Design Kagawa University Kagawa Japan

Genji-firefly has been one of the key symbols of rural environmental conservation. The species lives underwater as larvae, in the soil when they pupate, and emerges on the ground as adults. Because the habitat conditions of larvae and adults differ greatly, the habitat requirement of Genji-firefly must be clarified over a wide range from instream to the surrounding riparian environment. In this study, we developed a habitat suitability model for Genji-firefly by relating the number of individuals to local landscape features surveyed in a small river in an agricultural watershed. For habitat modelling, Random Forests, a well-known highly predictive machine learning method, was used to model species distributions and to extract quantitative information on their ecological characteristics. As a result, a good agreement was found between observed and modelled number of individuals, although some issues still remain for the test data. We were able to extract local landscape features that characterize the habitat suitability of adult firefly. In future, we plan to deepen our habitat suitability assessment by taking into account uncertainties such as noise originated from absent data.

关键词： Uncertainty Biological system modeling Computational modeling Vegetation Forestry Predictive models Feature extraction

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