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Plugging effect of fine pore water in OPC and LC3 paste during accelerated carbonation monitored via single-sided nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

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CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH 2024年 186卷

作者： Cheng, Luge Kurihara, Ryo Ohkubo, Takahiro Kitagaki, Ryoma Teramoto, Atsushi Suda, Yuya Maruyama, Ippei Univ Tokyo Grad Sch Engn Dept Architecture Tokyo 1138656 Japan Chiba Univ Grad Sch Engn Dept Appl Chem & Biotechnol Chiba 2638522 Japan Hokkaido Univ Grad Sch Engn Div Human Environm Syst Hokkaido 0608628 Japan Hiroshima Univ Grad Sch Adv Sci & Engn Dept Architecture Hiroshima 7398527 Japan Univ Ryukyus Fac Engn Civil Engn Program Okinawa 9030213 Japan

This study investigates the influence of CO2 2 concentration on the carbonation process in cementitious paste, focusing on water content distribution in ordinary Portlandite cement and limestone-calcined clay cement (LC3). 3 ). Employing single-sided nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for water profiling, we revealed that under accelerated carbonation of 5 % and 1 %, the water content in fine pores (interlayer space and gel pores) kept constant at the carbonation front, demonstrating the plugging effect where fine pore water removal governs carbonation progress. This effect was absent under natural carbonation conditions because evaporation precedes the carbonation process. This study emphasizes that to accurately characterize cementitious materials under natural carbonation conditions, CO2 2 concentrations in accelerated methods should be constrained to prevent the plugging effect.

关键词： Acceleration (A) Carbonation (C) Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate (C-S-H) (B) Pore size distribution (B)

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Analyzing the mechano-bactericidal effect of nano-patterned surfaces by finite element method and verification with artificial neural networks

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ADVANCES IN NANO RESEARCH 2023年第2期15卷 165-174页

作者： Yaylaci, Ecren Uzun Yaylaci, Murat Ozdemir, Mehmet Emin Terzi, Merve Ozturk, Sevval Recep Tayyip Erdogan Univ Fac Engn & Architecture TR-53100 Rize Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan Univ Dept Civil Engn TR-53100 Rize Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan Univ Biomed Engn MSc Program TR-53100 Rize Turkiye Cankiri Karatekin Univ Dept Civil Engn TR-18100 Cankiri Turkiye Istanbul Rumeli Univ Dept Civil Engn TR-34570 Istanbul Turkiye

The study investigated the effect of geometric structures of nano-patterned surfaces, such as peak sharpness, height, width, aspect ratio, and spacing, on mechano-bactericidal properties. Here, in silico models were developed to explain surface interactions with Escherichia coli. Numerical solutions were performed based on the finite element method and verified by the artificial neural network method. An E. coli cell adhered to the nano surface formed elastic and creep deformation models, and the cells' maximum deformation, maximum stress, and maximum strain were calculated. The results determined that the increase in peak sharpness, aspect ratio, and spacing values increased the maximum deformation, maximum stress, and maximum strain on E. coli cell. In addition, the results showed that FEM and ANN methods were in good agreement with each other. This study proved that the geometrical structures of nano-patterned surfaces have an important role in the mechanobactericidal effect.

关键词： artificial neural network finite element method mechano-bactericidal nano-patterned surface

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Understanding the effects of spatial scaling on the relationship between urban structure and biodiversity

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION 2025年 138卷

作者： Choi, Dennis Heejoon Darling, Lindsay Ha, Jaeyoung Shao, Jinyuan Song, Hunsoo Fei, Songlin Hardiman, Brady S. Purdue Univ Dept Forestry & Nat Resources W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Dankook Univ Coll Bioconvergence Sch Life Resources Landscape Architecture Cheonan South Korea Morton Arboretum Ctr Tree Sci Lisle IL USA Virginia Tech Landscape Architecture Program Blacksburg VA 24061 USA Purdue Univ Lyles Sch Civil Engn W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Chungbuk Natl Univ Sch Civil Engn 1 Chungdae Ro Cheongju 28644 South Korea Purdue Univ Environm & Ecol Engn W Lafayette IN 47907 USA

Consideration of spatial dependence in heterogeneous urban landscapes is crucial for understanding how urban landscapes shape biodiversity. However, understanding the linkage between urban landscape patterns, both vertically and horizontally, and urban-dwelling bird species at various spatial scales remains an unsolved question. Here, we investigated how patterns of vertical and horizontal urban landscape structure influence urban-dwelling bird species at various spatial scales in the Chicago Region. We utilize a high-density Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) dataset to exam ALS-derived metrics (foliage height diversity, canopy openness, and building volume) in relation to bird diversity. Our results show that LiDAR-derived metrics exhibited significant variation across spatial scales. The negative impact of building volume on bird species is greatest at the smallest scale (slope = -0.24 at 50 m radius), but its effect declined as the scale increased (slope = 0.00 at 500 m radius). Foliage height diversity did not influence bird diversity at small spatial scales but shows a positive effect on bird diversity over 150 m radius (slope = 0.05 to 0.11). Canopy openness changed its sign of slope from negative to positive as the buffer radius increased (between 150 and 200 m buffer radii), indicating that openness may have different roles depending on the spatial scale. Based on our findings, a buffer radius of 150-200 m was concluded to be the threshold distinguishing local and landscape-level variables in this study. In general, horizontal landscape patterns have a stronger influence on urban biodiversity than vertical structures. However, our findings suggest that enhancing the vertical complexity of canopy structures in existing green spaces could be an effective strategy for sustaining bird diversity in urban areas, particularly where expanding green spaces is not feasible. Our study enhances the understanding of urban biodiversity dynamics and provides practical implicat

关键词： Urban Green Space Urban Landscape Pattern Bird Species Richness Urban Biodiversity Structural Metrics

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Road crash zone identification and remedial measures using GIS

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INNOVATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE SOLUTIONS 2023年第5期8卷 1-20页

作者： Pusuluri, Vijaya Lakshmikanthi Dangeti, Mukund Rao Kotamrazu, Mohan Gayatri Vidya Parishad Coll Degree & PG Courses A Civil Engn Dept Engn & Technol Program Visakhapatnam India GITAM Deemed Univ Civil Engn Dept GIT Visakhapatnam India GITAM Deemed Univ Gitam Sch Architecture Visakhapatnam India

According to the World Bank Report 2020, there is one fatal road crash every four minutes globally. Loss of lives and limbs seriously hampers the livelihood of the victims and their families. Despite cities' efforts to improve roads, crashes continue to occur worldwide. Road crashes are not accidents but preventable by systematic efforts in crash spot identification, prediction, and remedial actions. Road crashes occur due to various factors ranging between vehicle, weather, driver, or environmental categories. There is a need to establish methods of analysis that cities can quickly adopt to save lives. Traditionally statistical methods are used for crash zone identification, but recently, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) helped identify crash zones graphically while validating the results statistically. This review concerns road crash zone (Blackspot) identification GIS methodologies developed and adopted by cities between 2011 and 2022. It is found that GIS as a mapping tool has expanded into a data management system. It has high adaptability to integrate newer combinations with machine learning and fuzzy logic. The review finds that Kernel Density Estimation and Weighted Severity Index could be easy methods to adopt using local crash data, geocoding, and open-source software. It aims to assist cities with multi-modal traffic and two-wheeler dominance in future forms of research. The study is limited to transportation planning factors and GIS methodologies.

关键词： SDG 3 6 Blackspot identification GIS Geocoding Severity index Kernel density estimation

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Exploring optimal deep tunnel sewer systems to enhance urban pluvial flood resilience in the gangnam region, South Korea

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JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024年 357卷 120762页

作者： Park, Samuel Kim, Jaekyoung Kang, Junsuk Seoul Natl Univ Res Ctr Reg Climate Crisis Response Seoul 08826 South Korea Purdue Univ Lyles Sch Civil Engn W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Transdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conver Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul 08826 South Korea

Urban pluvial flooding is becoming a global concern, exacerbated by urbanization and climate change, especially in rapidly developing areas where existing sewer systems lag behind growth. In order to minimize a system's functional failures during extreme rainfalls, localized engineering solutions are required for urban areas chronically suffering from pluvial floods. This study critically evaluates the Deep Tunnel Sewer System (DTSS) as a robust grey infrastructure solution for enhancing urban flood resilience, with a case study in the Gangnam region of Seoul, South Korea. To do so, we integrated a one-dimensional sewer model with a rapid flood spreading model to identify optimal routes and conduit diameters for the DTSS, focusing on four flood-related metrics: the total flood volume, the flood duration, the peak flooding rate, and the number of flooded nodes. Results indicate that, had the DTSS been in place, it could have reduced historical flood volumes over the last decade by 50.1-99.3%, depending on the DTSS route. Regarding the conduit diameter, an 8 m diameter was found to be optimal for minimizing all flood-related metrics. Our research also developed the Intensity-DurationFrequency (IDF) surfaces in three dimensions, providing a correlation between simulated flood-related metrics and design rainfall characteristics to distinguish the effect of DTSS on flood risk reduction. Our findings demonstrate how highly engineered solutions can enhance urban flood resilience, but they may still face challenges during extreme heavy rainfalls with a 80-year frequency or above. This study contributes to rational decision-making and emergency management in the face of increasing urban pluvial flood risks.

关键词： Deep tunnel sewer system (DTSS) Flood resilience index Grey infrastructure IDF surface Urban drainage system Urban pluvial flood

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Building information modeling applied to daylight dynamic simulation from the perspective of future and urban climate: A case study in Brazil

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SOLAR ENERGY 2024年 279卷

作者： Michelon, Michelli Gonsalves Ramos, Greici Miri, Majid Menezes, Leonardo Junior da Rocha Barata, Marcio Santos Zemero, Bruno Ramos Urbanism Fed Univ Postgrad Program Architecture Belem Para Brazil Univ Fed Santa Catarina Postgrad Program Civil Engn Florianopolis SC Brazil Sweco AB Architecture & Architectural Lighting Design Stockholm Sweden Fed Univ Postgrad Program Mech Engn Itajuba Brazil

The EN 17037:2018 standard, titled "Daylight in Buildings", is recognized as a step in the right direction concerning daylighting and has been used as the basis for the recently revised Brazilian standard. In this context, this study aims to delve into the understanding of the daylight performance in buildings in Brazil by analyzing the advancements and challenges in NBR 15215/15575:2022. Two methods will be employed: the computational daylight performance simulation method and the abacus method, following the revision of NBR 15575:2022, in a Housing of Social Interest (HIS) located in the city of Belem, Brazil. Since it is a digital prototype and not a physical one, the reliability of the simulations was verified by comparing the results obtained with the abacus method, which also allowed for an analysis of the case study using this alternative approach from the standard. The study aims to identify the best workflow for applying the standard, based on an investigation of dynamic simulation software and the impact of future-urban weather files, seeking to propose improvements to the standard. The results demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of building information modeling, specifically the AftabRad plugin, for dynamic simulations in accordance with normative criteria, as well as the need to include urban weather files in the standard.

关键词： NBR 15.215/15.575 EN 17037 Luminous Performance Dynamic Simulation Daylighting Daylight illuminance

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Streets, density, and the superblock: neighborhood planning units and street connectivity in Abu Dhabi

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Journal of Urbanism 2023年第2期16卷 168-195页

作者： Alawadi, Khaled Hong Nguyen, Ngoc Alrubaei, Eiman Scoppa, Martin Department of Civil Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering Sustainable Critical Infrastructure Program Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Faculty of Architecture The University of Danang-University of Science and Technology Danang Viet Nam Sustainable Critical Infrastructure Program Department of Civil Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Architecture Engineering Department College of Engineering United Arab Emirates University Alain United Arab Emirates

This article studies the efficiency of street networks of Neighborhood Planning Units. Pedestrian Route Directness quantified the NPUs’ efficiency. The sample includes ten Abu Dhabi NPUs built during two periods: pre-1990 and post-1990. Two scenarios are assessed. First, as-built streets are evaluated based on the PRD test. Second, PRD values of NPUs with different plot densities are compared. Results show that plot density does not affect efficiency. A good network design produces high efficiency regardless of its plot density. The effects of streets on efficiency were further revealed by Betweenness. Combining PRD and Betweenness yields important principles of network design. This method can be applied to assess the connectivity of streets in different contexts. Future research should focus on: How do alleys contribute to the efficiency of NPUs? How do street configurations influence the behavior of movement? And how should NPUs be evaluated as local street systems with global implications?. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： betweenness density neighborhood planning units pedestrian route directness Street connectivity

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Proposal for a framework for environmental zoning of areas near gold mines based on the distribution of potentially toxic elements, pollution indices, and bioindicators: a case study in Antioquia, Colombia

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ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024年第10期196卷 933页

作者： Lopez, Julian E. Marin, Juan F. Saldarriaga, Juan F. Inst Univ Colegio Mayor Antioquia Fac Architecture & Engn Environm Engn Program Carrera 78 65-46 Medellin 050034 Colombia Univ Medellin Fac Engn Medellin 050026 Colombia Univ los Andes Dept Civil & Environm Engn Carrera 1Este 19A-40 Bogota 111711 Colombia

Gold mining, even under strict environmental regulations, inevitably causes environmental impacts and liabilities. To address this, the study proposes a framework for environmental zoning around gold mines based on the distribution of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), pollution indices, and bioindicators. Soil samples were collected from municipalities affected by gold mining projects, and concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, and Cr were measured. Then, the Pollution Load Index (PLI) was calculated. A plant model was used for the biomonitoring of PTEs, and the Plant Vigor Index (PVI) was determined. Finally, environmental zoning was proposed through geospatial analysis combining PTEs, PLI, and PVI values. The concentrations of PTEs were as follows: As ranged from 1.7 to 892, Cd from 0.1 to 65.2, Pb from 18.5 to 2345, and Cr from 5.4 to 118.4. Spearman's rank correlation showed significant relations (rho > 0.76) between bioindicators and PTE concentrations and PLI. The PVI correlated significantly with PTE concentrations (rho - 0.41 to - 0.67) and PLI (rho - 0.65). The municipalities were categorized into three zones: highly contaminated, moderately contaminated, and minimally contaminated. Overall, the environmental zoning maps serve as a management tool for environmental monitoring.

关键词： Heavy metals Hazardous waste Biomonitoring Environmental risk indicators

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Health and Environmental Education in Communities in Highly Vulnerable Situation. Case Study: San Luis, San Isidro Patios – La Calera, Colombia

Health and Environmental Education in Communities in Highly ...

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Congreso Internacional de InnovaciÃ³n y Tendencias en IngenierÃa (CONIITI)

作者： Camilo Torres Parra Yelinca Saldeño Madero Juan José Castiblanco Prieto Camila Jaramillo María Angélica Rivas Civil Engineering Program Catholic University of Colombia Bogotá Colombia Architecture Program Catholic University of Colombia Bogotá Colombia

ISBN: (数字)9798331531720

ISBN: (纸本)9798331531737

Educational constructivism emphasizes the interaction between the individual and the environment to build knowledge, prioritizing social collaboration and personal reflection. In the San Luis sector of San Isidro Patios, a participatory educational model is proposed to address the lack and consumption of poor-quality water. The methodology, divided into five phases, seeks to optimize the transfer of knowledge through human interaction and the combination of pedagogical *** instructional design follows nine steps, from the definition of problems to the selection of teaching resources, adapting to the student and the community context. Constructivist, cognitivist, and behaviorist approaches are integrated, highlighting situated learning and formative assessment to promote effective and participatory instruction. The workshops focus on acquiring skills to address problems such as the lack of drinking water and inefficient rainwater collection systems in *** objectives, student considerations, content analysis, teaching strategies and objective evaluation are an integral part of the design, which includes learning units and teaching-learning approaches adapted to each type of knowledge. Teaching strategies include communication, group work and practical workshops, with evaluation criteria that consider viability, environmental responsibility, social inclusion, innovation and technical *** educational approach adopted seeks to promote community participation in solving real problems related to water supply and management. The importance of considering the specific characteristics of the target community and the integration of complementary pedagogical models is highlighted. The methodology seeks not only to address the problem of water supply, but also to empower participants through a participatory educational process oriented towards concrete solutions.

关键词： Adaptation models Technological innovation Systematics Conferences Education Collaboration Reflection Object recognition Proposals Water resources

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Quantitative study of water impact on land value in Jakarta

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URBAN WATER JOURNAL 2023年第8期20卷 1063-1080页

作者： Gamal, Ahmad Rohmah, Lailatul Adelina Perangin Angin, Cynthia Laksmi Larasati, Widya Muhaimin, Ahmad Aki Khoirunisa, Risty Rika Marthanty, Dwinanti Univ Indonesia Grad Program Urban & Reg Planning Depok Indonesia Univ Indonesia SMART City Ctr Depok Indonesia Univ Indonesia Dept Architecture Depok Indonesia Univ Indonesia Dept Civil Engn Hydrol & River Lab Depok Indonesia

This research tries to fill the gap of empirical studies to demonstrate how water, both in terms of its role as a resource and disaster, is integrally related to the value of land. This study involves four water-related measures categories: source, disaster, supply, and infrastructure. The eight independent variables were tested upon Jakarta's 3,725 land value zone samples. It is found that areas with more accessibility to wastewater management infrastructure have land value of IDR 476 per square meter higher than average. In contrast, land value in areas with higher risk of being affected by a flood is IDR 470.91 per square meter lower than average. This research signifies the importance of integral policy of clean water provision as well as water-related disaster prevention in urban areas.

关键词： Clean water water source water-related disasters land value Jakarta >

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