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On the decomposition of total impact multipliers in a supply and use framework

Journal of Economic Structures 2017年第1期6卷 1页

作者： Wiedmann, Thomas Sustainability Assessment Program (SAP) School of Civil and Environmental Engineering UNSW Sydney Sydney 2052 NSW Australia

This note describes a simple technique of decomposing total impact multipliers derived from input–output analysis. The approach uses a generalised supply and use table framework, explicitly distinguishing between industries and products. Contributions to total impact multipliers can be shown by either industry origin (answering the question: Where is the source of impacts and how large is the impact from that particular source?) or product embodiments (answering the question: What are the life cycle impacts of those products that are directly used in the production of a good or service?). Such information is routinely used in life cycle assessments and (hybrid) input–output analyses. A practical example of decomposing carbon footprint intensities of renewable electricity generation technologies is presented, and an Excel worksheet and MATLAB code accompany this note as Additional files 1 and 2. © 2017, The Author(s).

关键词： Decomposition Environmental footprint Impact analysis Input–output multipliers Life cycle assessment

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Using learning objectives for course design and curriculum improvement

Using learning objectives for course design and curriculum i...

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2005 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition: The Changing Landscape of engineering and Technology Education in a Global World

作者： Carpenter, Donald D. Civil Engineering Department Lawrence Technological University Southfield MI 48075 United States Civil Engineering Assessment Program United States

Learning Objectives are statements of specific observable actions a student should be able to perform after an established period of time (a lecture, course, or curriculum). Learning Objectives, which are also commonly referred to as Instructional, Teaching, or Educational Objectives, clarify the expectations of faculty in terms of measurable or observable student performance. In other words, these statements describe the ability of students to demonstrate they have indeed learned what was expected of them. As such, learning objectives are a powerful tool for course design and curriculum improvement. Learning objectives can be used for course design by identifying critical material, facilitating course activities, writing examinations, and maximizing student learning. Learning objectives can be used for curriculum improvement by communicating course expectations to faculty and students, organizing key points of learning throughout the curriculum, eliminating excessive duplication of material, and providing assessment of course performance. However, if objectives are not sufficiently well defined, both testing and assessment based on those objectives are unlikely to be effective in determining if students have mastered the required topic. This paper and associated presentation will describe learning objectives in detail and provide assistance on how to effectively write and implement objectives. The goal is to assist new engineering educators in designing their courses, communicating information to their students and fellow faculty, and focusing their instruction on student learning as opposed to teaching.

关键词： Technical presentations

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Accelerating progress on the SDGs: Policy guidance from the global modeling literature

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One Earth 2025年

作者： Cameron Allen Shirin Malekpour Åsa Persson Therese Bennich Monash Sustainable Development Institute Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia Sustainability Assessment Program School of Civil and Environmental Engineering UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW 2052 Australia Stockholm Environment Institute Stockholm Sweden

There is an urgent need to accelerate progress if the world is to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. Global research has identified six transformation entry points as imperative for SDG achievement: well-being, the economy, and food, energy, urban, and environmental systems. Policymakers require evidence on transformative policies to accelerate progress across these entry points. Here, we present evidence on SDG policies from a scoping review of the global modeling literature. We find that policies have been modeled for all six entry points. Most studies model single entry points and have less coverage of urban systems and five of the SDGs. Initial quantitative estimates of policy ambition and costs and policy interactions are available but remain limited and challenging to compare. Future SDG modeling research to inform policy could emphasize modeling multiple entry points and policy interactions as well as policy standardization.

关键词： Sustainable Development Goals SDGs scenarios modeling transformations transitions pathways policy interlinkages acceleration

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Antioxidant system alterations and oxidative stress caused by polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in exposed biota: a review

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 977卷 179395页

作者： Soares, Lorena Oliveira Souza de Araujo, Gabriel Farias Gomes, Thais Braga Júnior, Sidney Fernandes Sales Cuprys, Agnieszka Katarzyna Soares, Raquel Moraes Saggioro, Enrico Mendes Laboratory of Environmental Health Assessment and Promotion Oswaldo Cruz Institute Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Av. Brasil 4365 RJ Rio de Janeiro21045-900 Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Public Health and Environment Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Av. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480 RJ Rio de Janeiro21041-210 Brazil Faculty of Science and Technology Norwegian University of Life Sciences P.O. Box 5003 Ås1432 Norway Post-Graduate Program in Environmental Technology and Water Resources Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering – FT University of Brasília Darcy Ribeiro Campus Via L3 Norte DF Brasília70910-900 Brazil

Contamination of aquatic and terrestrial organisms by Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), emerging contaminants, is widespread, as these compounds are present in water, soil, air, and food, owing to their environmental persistence. PFAS exposure induces biochemical process alterations associated with the disruption of the antioxidant defense system in several species. This review aims to discuss how PFAS-induced antioxidant system alterations lead to changes in biochemical processes in different organisms exposed to these pollutants. This disruption, then leads to an imbalance in antioxidant defense systems, contributing to the formation of reactive oxidative species (ROS), which, in turn, can be exacerbate oxidative stress, induce cellular damage, enhance lipid peroxidation, destabilize lysosomal membranes, and cause genotoxic effects, ultimately compromising DNA integrity. In acute tests, PFAS have led to mortality, growth inhibition, diminished behavioral and locomotor abilities, and reproductive impairment. PFAS-induced effects differ with varying species or types of substances, and further bioaccumulation through food chains exacerbates environmental contamination, carrying considerable risks. These findings demonstrate the complex and enduring impact of PFAS on environmental health, emphasizing the importance of this review in corroborating studies on sub-lethal toxicity in exposed organisms and how these effects reflect on the environment. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Biotic

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Examining the underlying motivations of engineering undergraduates to behave unethically

Examining the underlying motivations of engineering undergra...

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113th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2006

作者： Harding, Trevor Finelli, Cynthia Carpenter, Donald Mayhew, Matthew Kettering University United States University of Michigan United States Lawrence Technological University United States University of North Carolina Wilmington United States Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Kettering University United States ERM Division Board of Directors Kettering University Center for Excellence Teaching and Learning Advisory Board United Kingdom Center for Research on Learning and Teaching North of ASEE Department of Civil Engineering Educational Innovation Collaborative LTU Civil Engineering Assessment Program ASEE ASCE LTU Department of Student Life Assessment University of North Carolina Wilmington United States

The need for ethical behavior in engineering professional practice has been demonstrated repeatedly over the years, and most, if not all, academic institutions provide opportunities for engineering students to learn about ethics and professional responsibility. While there has been some investigation of the effectiveness of these academic efforts on student learning of ethics, little attention has been paid to students' ethical decision-making and behavior. The present study seeks to verify the use of a model of ethical decision-making to predict the tendency of engineering and humanities students to engage in cheating, an unethical behavior with which nearly all undergraduates are familiar. The study surveyed 527 randomly selected engineering and humanities undergraduate students from three academic institutions. Comparison between engineering and humanities students showed that engineering students were statistically more likely to cheat on tests and homework than humanities students, even when controlling for the number of tests or assignments. Hierarchical regression analysis confirmed that the hypothesized model could explain a considerable portion of the variance in students' intention to cheat and in their actual behavior. The strongest predictor of behavior was an individual's intention to cheat, as predicted by the model. In turn, the strongest predictors of intention were an individual's attitude toward cheating, their sense of moral obligation to avoid cheating, and his/her perception of subjective norms pertaining to cheating. Past cheating was shown to be an important predictor variable for both intention and behavior. © American Society for engineering Education, 2006.

关键词： engineering education

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Cheating in college and its influence on ethical behavior in professional engineering practice

Cheating in college and its influence on ethical behavior in...

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113th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2006

作者： Harding, Trevor Finelli, Cynthia Carpenter, Donald Kettering University United States University of Michigan United States Lawrence Technological University United States Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Kettering University United States ERM Division Board of Directors Kettering University Center for Excellence Teaching and Learning Advisory Board United Kingdom Center for Research on Learning and Teaching North of ASEE Department of Civil Engineering Educational Innovation Collaborative LTU Civil Engineering Assessment Program ASEE ASCE LTU

Research has demonstrated that engineering undergraduates report rates of cheating higher than those in most other disciplines, and that students who cheat in college are more likely to make unethical decisions as professionals. To explore the relationship between academic and professional ethical behavior, the authors launched the Work Experience Study (WES) that examines students' decision-making processes in situations where they are tempted to engage in unethical behavior in academic and professional settings. The population sampled for WES includes engineering undergraduates with substantial work experience in engineering. Such a sampling strategy enables us to make comparisons between academic and work-place scenarios based on responses that are both contemporary and relevant. Previously the authors presented findings from the study which suggest that individuals who reported cheating in high school were much more likely to do so in college and in the workplace, as compared to those who indicated they had not cheated in high school. In addition, these findings identified similarities between the pressures to cheat reported by students for an academic scenario and a work-place scenario. This paper focuses on the interaction of several variables involved in this decision, including prior engagement in academic dishonesty, the perception of unethical behavior among one's peers, the context of the unethical behavior, and the frequency with which respondents are tempted to engage in unethical behavior. The results suggest that while there are many similarities in the decision-making processes involved at the academic and professional level, there are also substantial differences in both the nature and magnitude of the relationships between predictor variables. Such a finding points to the need for further research into developing a better understanding of the complex interplay of psychological, moral, and situational factors on the ethical decision-making of studen

关键词： engineering research

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Innovative learning experience - Detroit to Pittsburgh canoe expedition

Innovative learning experience - Detroit to Pittsburgh canoe...

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113th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2006

作者： Gerhart, Andrew Carpenter, Donald Lawrence Technological University United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Lawrence Technological University United States ASEE American Society of Mechanical Engineers Engineering Society of Detroit United States American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Student Chapter at LTU LTU SAE Aero Design Student Competition Team LTU Hydropower National Competition Team United States Department of Civil Engineering Educational Innovation Collaborative LTU Civil Engineering Assessment Program ASEE ASCE Student Chapter LTU

engineering students at Lawrence Technological University participated in a unique and innovative learning experience in a joint venture between the College of engineering and the College of Arts and Sciences. From the autumn of 2003 through the summer of 2005, the students planned, organized, and completed an historic 500-mile canoe trip from Detroit to Pittsburgh via Lake Erie to mark the 250thanniversary of the beginning of the French and Indian War (specifically the Battle of the Monongahela outside present-day Pittsburgh in 1755). The canoe expedition followed a route that was a standard trade and shipping route for the French and Native Americans up to the 1750s. Starting near the Lawrence Tech campus on the Rouge River in metropolitan Detroit, the students canoed into the Detroit River and along the length of Lake Erie. After several weeks of paddling Lake Erie, students portaged sixteen miles from Erie to Waterford, Pennsylvania (on French Creek), thereby passing from the Great Lakes to the Ohio River basin. They were the first people in modern times to make this historic portage, which was a key transportation link for the French colonial government and Native Americans in the region. The students then traveled down the Allegheny River to Pittsburgh, participating in commemorative events along the way. The purpose of this project was to provide students with a multi-faceted out-of-class educational experience to better prepare them to be lifelong learners, problem solvers, and more well rounded citizens. From beginning to end, the students gained valuable life lessons and learned about teamwork, leadership, time management, fundraising, communication, history, engineering, social issues, environment, and the Great Lakes region in a fashion that is not conducive to traditional classroom instruction. In addition, students honed their engineering and problem solving skills by designing and building a 24-ft, six-person replica "Canoe du Nord" or North Canoe. Wi

关键词： engineering education

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Replacement Scenarios for Construction Materials Based on Economy-wide Hybrid LCA

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Procedia engineering 2017年 180卷 179-189页

作者： Soo Huey Teh Thomas Wiedmann Judith Schinabeck Stephen Moore Sustainability Assessment Program (SAP) School of Civil and Environmental Engineering UNSW Australia Sydney NSW 2052 Australia ISA School of Physics A28 The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

As part of the Integrated Carbon Metrics project, which comprehensively quantifies embodied GHG emissions related to the built environment in Australia, this contribution evaluates construction material replacement scenarios at the economy-wide scale. We investigate the potential use of Engineered Wood Products (EWPs) in new building stock to assess the carbon outcomes of a potentially significant shift in the use of construction materials. This becomes increasingly relevant as Australia moves forward with augmenting the National Construction Code to allow the construction of mid-rise buildings utilizing timber. The selection of low-carbon and sustainable building materials is crucial in reducing the built environment's carbon footprint. The main objective of the replacement scenario analysis is to assess the potential reduction in future GHG emissions by replacing the use of reinforced concrete with EWPs. The scenarios include the comparison of mid-rise buildings (10-story) with standard reference buildings (using reinforced concrete) at the national scale. The analysis considers the full cradle-to-gate carbon footprint of construction materials embedded in buildings. Since the scenarios are implemented in an input-output model of the Australian economy, changes in the use of construction materials can also be evaluated with respect to indirect effects on industries involved in the production chain of these materials as well as their respective GHG emissions.

关键词： construction materials construction industry engineered wood products input-output modelling residential and non-residential buildings

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Elements of the work environment that contribute to the ability of engineering faculty to manage work-life tensions

Elements of the work environment that contribute to the abil...

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114th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2007

作者： Creamer, Elizabeth Layne, Margaret Virginia Tech United States Department of Educational Research and Evaluation Research and Assessment for the ADVANCE VT Project Virginia Tech United States ADVANCE VT Project Virginia Tech United States Science and Technology Studies Program Australia National Academy of Engineering American Society of Civil Engineers' Energy Policy Committee United States

No abstract available

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Performances and fouling of entrapped-cells-based anaerobic forward osmosis membrane bioreactor

Performances and fouling of entrapped-cells-based anaerobic ...

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Water Environment Federation Technical Exhibition and Conference 2017, WEFTEC 2017

作者： Juntawang, Chaipon Rongsayamanont, Chaiwat Khan, Eakalak Environmental and Conservation Sciences Program North Dakota State University FargoND58108 United States Research Center for Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Faculty of Environmental Management Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla90112 Thailand Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering North Dakota State University FargoND58108 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510863682

A novel entrapped cells-based-forward osmosis membrane bioreactor (E-FOMBR) was developed for domestic wastewater treatment. Its performances and fouling were investigated in comparison with suspended cells-based-forward osmosis membrane bioreactor (S-FOMBR). E-FOMBR and S-FOMBR were operated side by side under the same conditions with two draw solutions (NaCl and (NH4)2SO4). Permeate flux decline was contributed by reverse salt flux and membrane fouling. The membrane fouling especially irreversible fouling in S-FOMBR was more severe than that in E-FOMBR. The effects of salt accumulation on system performances were investigated. E-FOMBR provided consistent removal of soluble chemical oxygen demand as well as methane production. Deterioration of biological activity due to substantial accumulation of salt, especially in S-FOMBR, was observed. Biofouling and inorganic scaling coexisted on membrane surface, with C, O, Na, S, and Cl identified on the draw solution side and C, O, Na, S, Cl, Mg, Al, Si, P, K, Ca, and Fe identified on the feed solution side when NaCl was used as a draw solution. For foulants when (NH4)2SO4 was applied as a draw solution, C, O, P, S, Ca, Fe, and Al were detected on the draw solution side and C, O, P, S, Ca, Fe, Cl, and Si were on the feed solution side. The superiority of E-FOMBR over S-FOMBR included higher and more stable system performances, higher flux and longer operation time. © 2017 Water Environment Federation

关键词： Bioreactors

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