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Ecological implications of twentieth century reforestation programs for the urban forests of São Paulo, Brazil: a study based on litterfall and nutrient cycling

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 367-379页

作者： Maurício Lamano Ferreira Marcelo Ferreira Barbosa Eduardo Pereira Cabral Gomes Ana Paula Branco do Nascimento Edgar Fernando de Luca Karina Gonçalves da Silva Ulisses Bezerra França Plínio Barbosa de Camargo Raffaele Lafortezza Master’s Program in Health Promotion Adventist University of São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil. Master’s Program in Geoenvironmental Analysis University of GuarulhosGuarulhosSPBrazil. Department of Health Faculty of Biological ScienceUniversity Nove de Julho(UNINOVE)São PauloSPBrazil. Institute of Botany(IBT/SP) São PauloSPBrazil. Department of Civil Engineering São Judas Tadeu UniversitySão PauloSPBrazil. Institute of Forestry(IF/SP) São PauloSPBrazil. Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura(CENA/USP) University of São PauloPiracicabaSPBrazil. Prefeitura da cidade de São Paulo(Secretaria do Verde e Meio Ambiente) São PauloSPBrazil Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences University of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly. Department of Geography The University of Hong KongCentennial CampusPokfulam RoadHong KongHong Kong.

The focus of this study was to investigate the wide use of Eucalyptus spp.,an exotic plant with high allelopathic ability,in the reforestation programs of urban parks in São Paulo City,Brazil,over the last *** understand the implications of using Eucalyptus *** the city’s parks,this study aimed to compare nutrient cycling and litter decomposition between a mixed composition of litter(i.e.,native and exotic species)and the litter of a single species(i.e.,Eucalyptus).To accomplish this,newly deciduous leaves were collected from two native and two exotic species that are commonly used in the afforestation of São Paulo as well as from Eucalyptus *** mixed composition of litter yielded a higher dry mass loss and return of macro-and micronutrients to the forest *** decomposition constant(k)values were 0.00322 and 0.00207 g g^(−1) day^(−1) for the mixed composition and Eucalyptus spp.,*** time required for decomposition of 50 and 95%of deciduous material was 215 and 931 days,respectively,and for the mixed litterfall 334 and 1449 days,respectively,for Eucalyptus ***,the mixed litter exhibited greater dry mass loss and nutrient cycling in an urban forest of São Paulo City,since dry mass losses as well as speed and amount of nutrients returned to the forest floor were relatively higher compared to Eucalyptus *** cycling via Eucalyptus *** was less efficient than mixed composition of litter,demonstrating that reforestation programs carried out in the twentieth century using only one species may have had little *** results of this work emphasize the fact that in urban reforestation programs the City of São Paulo must consider the environmental and biogeographic characteristics of the species employed and use high levels of biodiversity,since the city lies in a megadiverse biome.

关键词： Tropical forest Exotic species Nutrient dynamics Ecosystem functioning

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The diversity of active microbial groups in an activated sludge process treating painting process wastewater 6

The diversity of active microbial groups in an activated slu...

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6th Environmental Technology and Management Conference, ETMC 2019

作者： Ariesyady, Herto Dwi Mayanda, Mentari Rizki Ito, Tsukasa Environmental Management Technology Research Group Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung40132 Indonesia Master's Program of Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung40132 Indonesia Department of Environmental Engineering Science Gunma University Kiryu Gunma376-8515 Japan

Activated sludge process is one of the wastewater treatment method that is applied for many wastewater types including painting process wastewater of automotive industry. This wastewater is well-known to have high heavy metals concentration which could deteriorate water environment if appropriate performance of the wastewater treatment could not be achieved. In this study, we monitored microbial community diversity in a Painting Biological Treatment (PBT) system. We applied a combination of cultivation and genotypic biological methods based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis to identify the diversity of active microbial community. The results showed that active microbes that could grow in this activated sludge system were dominated by Gram-negative bacteria. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis, it was revealed that their microbial diversity has close association with Bacterium strain E286, Isosphaera pallida, Lycinibacillus fusiformis, Microbacterium sp., Orchobactrum sp., Pseudomonas guariconensis, Pseudomonas sp. strain MR84, Pseudomonas sp. MC 54, Serpens sp., Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila, and Xylella fastidiosa with similarity of 86 - 99%. This findings reflects that microbial community in a Painting Biological Treatment (PBT) system using activated sludge process could adapt with xenobiotics in the wastewater and has a wide range of diversity indicating a complex metabolism mechanism in the treatment process. © 2020 The Authors, published by EDP sciences.

关键词： Activated sludge process

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Analysis of water distribution system at Alang-Alang Lebar

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental science 2021年第1期930卷

作者： D I Kusumastuti A Gustira E P Wahono Civil Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Lampung University Bandar Lampung Civil Engineering Master of Science Program Faculty of Engineering Lampung University Bandar Lampung Indonesia

Municipal Waterworks Tirta Musi manages and supplies clean water to Palembang city. The distribution network system of Municipal Waterworks Tirta Musi is expected to distribute water sufficiently to all customers in the 18 districts this Municipal Waterworks serves. However, it was found that in Alang-alang Lebar service unit water was not delivered sufficiently. Moreover, Alang-alang Lebar service unit plans to improve the service so that the system will serve increasing customers until the next 20 years. This study aims to analyze the water distribution system to find the cause of insufficient water in Alang-Alang Lebar; predicting the number of customers in the next 20 years, and propose some improvements in the distribution system. A computer program EPANET was used to conduct the simulations on pipe networks. Data required for hydraulic analysis using EPANET was obtained from Municipal Waterworks Tirta Musi. The result shows that head pressure was the main problem in Alang-Alang Lebar. Adding discharge of pump reservoir, enlarging pipe diameters in some parts will improve the distribution performance. The proposed design of the distribution system will be able to deliver water for the next 20 years with an increasing number of the customer.

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Measuring the Land-Sea Coupling Coordination Degree of the Coastal Zone and Its Optimization Strategy:A Case Study of the Coastal Zone in Xiamen

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China City Planning Review 2020年第1期29卷 8-19页

作者： Lin Xiaoru Lü Yiping Liu Qing Assistant Professor Master''s Supervisor Department of Urban Planning School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Xiamen University Postdoctoral Fellow UNC Program on Chinese Cities Xiamen P. R. China Postgraduate Department of Urban Planning Xiamen University Xiamen P R China PhD Candidate Heilongjiang Cold Region Urban-Rural Human Settlements Science Key Laboratory School of Architecture Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin P. R. China

Currently,China has entered the period of land-sea coordinated planning,yet there are few studies on the interaction between land use intensity and sea eco-security in coastal ***,taking the coastal zone of Xiamen as an example,this paper develops a comprehensive system to evaluate the coupling degree between spatial utilization intensity and eco-security based on the coupling degree theory in *** the paper quantitatively analyzes and identifies the coupling coordination degree of various shore sections into four categories:well-coordinated and highly-coupled,moderately-coordinated and moderately-coupled,moderately-coordinated and slightly-coupled,and primary-level coordinated and ***,it puts forward spatial planning guidelines for the four types of shore sections on the basis of land-sea ***,reserved ecological section should follow the principle of giving priority to the marine ecosystem,and strictly protecting the ecosystem and controlling development;ecological promotion section should follow the principle of optimizing land development based on the sea resources,and reserving space for transformation;restricted development section should follow the principle of land-sea balance,and only allowing low-impact development activities to achieve synchronous land-sea development;development leverage section should follow the principle of optimizing marine development based on land resources,giving full play to the advantages of coastal resources and featured coastal space,and achieving spatial optimization in accordance with people-oriented principles and local *** research intends to provide a scientific basis for coastal zone planning and decision-making and a paradigm guide for gulf cities to coordinate the marine ecosystem and land development.

关键词： coastal zone coupling coordination eco-security land-sea coordination Xiamen

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Cost Risk Analysis Method for Construction Project in Kuala Tanjung

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IOP Conference Series: Materials science and engineering 2020年第1期852卷

作者： Eko Handoyo Cahyo Pranoto Manlian Ronald A. Simanjuntak Master Program in Master of Civil Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Pelita Harapan Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Pelita Harapan

The complexity of the project, the severe natural conditions of the oceans, the management of material resources, equipment, labor and costs are risks that must be considered in the process of implementing construction. The Multi Purpose Terminal and Supporting Facility Development Project in Kuala Tanjung in the stage of sea side construction work was experiencing delays and claims for added costs. Inaccurate project cost management will negatively impact the project implementation process. Therefore a risk analysis of project implementation costs is needed so that it can be used as a basis for risk mitigation. The objectives of this research are to identify risks and analyze cost risks in influencing project performance. By using a quantitative method of analysis conducted on 31 cost risk variables by distributing questionnaires to 43 respondents. Based on the results of the analysis and discussion by using of a statistical software program, it was found that the five most dominant risk cost variables affected the project performance of the Construction of the Multi Purpose Terminal and Supporting Facilities in Kuala Tanjung, namely: the mismatch of planning drawings and field conditions, redesign, miss projecting cost flows, material selection is not right and temporary termination of work. Recommendations for improvement of the 5 variables that affect project performance are by comprehensively anticipating tender documents and field conditions.

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Analysis of potential destructive earthquakes in the seulimeum fault – North

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3082卷

作者： Zulham Sugito Muksin Umar Yunita Idris Abdi Jihad Vrieslend H. Banyunegoro Andi Azhar Rusdin BMKG Stasiun Geofisika Aceh Besar Aceh Besar 23352 Indonesia Master Program of Disaster Science Syiah Kuala University Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia Department of Physics Syiah Kuala University Banda Aceh and 23111 Indonesia Tsunami Disaster Mitigation and Research Center (TDMRC) Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia Department of Civil Engineering Syiah Kuala University Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia.

Earthquake activities in Aceh Province are caused by the Sumatran Fault Zone and the West Coast Subduction Zone. Recent Research suggested that there are 13 Active Fault Segments in the Aceh region. Since 1938 – 2018 there were 21 destructive earthquakes occurred in Aceh. Destructive earthquakes were dominated by the source of active fault segment in the Aceh region, one of the active faults with destructive earthquakes is the Seulimeum Fault – North. This research aims to determine the level of seismicity in the Seulimeum Fault - North area using the Gutenberg Richter (Log=a−bM) method. Then it is used to calculate surface density and earthquake recurrence times. The results are then used to model the worst scenario of a destructive earthquake along Seulimeum Fault – North, so that the level of earthquake hazard potential risk can be determinated. The data used in the research based on the priority of the sources Sumatran Fault epicenter as earthquake catalog in the Aceh region from 2010 to 2021 with geographical boundaries of 1° - 6 ° Latitude and 94.0° - 99.0° Longitude and magnitude>1, depth less than 30 km. The results of the analysis figure that the Seulimeum Fault – North has a surface density (B-value) around 0.2 – 0.6. It was assumed that the area has a high concentration of fault stress or currently accumulating energy and has the potential to generate a severe earthquake in the future. The recurrence times of destructive earthquakes in the Seulimeum Fault – North with a time span of 47.66 - 59.12 years and the maximum magnitude release is estimated to be M≤8 implying a high level of potential hazard risk.

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Gender Mainstreaming in Drought Disaster Risk Reduction

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021年第1期1811卷

作者： Rr M I Retno Susilorini Rusnianti Rambu Lika Sriyana Lintang Jata Angghita Julio Ignatius Sinaga Department of Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang Master Program of Environmental and Urban Studies Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang

Climate change has affected the whole world and caused disasters, include drought. Since Tana Mbanas village in Central Sumba District is the driest remote area in eastern region of Indonesia, gender inequality has affected in daily life of people in the village instead of other social and environmental problems. This research aimed to evaluate how gender mainstreaming implemented in drought disaster risk reduction in Tana Mbanas village in Central Sumba Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The result of the research is expected to become a mirror that reflects Sumba island gender and development issues. The research took place in Tana Mbanas village in Central Sumba Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, and conducted by qualitative method with purposive data sampling. The steps taken in the research were observation, data collecting by questionnaire and in-depth interview to respondents, and literature review. It was reported that Tana Mbanas village people has given water management assistance by village fund, conducting water management counselling, saving water, and harvesting rain systems in every household. This research meets conclusions that: (1) Several programs and planned actions in water supply system and infrastructure development have become initiatives of government agencies of village authorities, BPBD and Public Work Agency of Central Sumba Regency; (2) People demonstrated vulnerability to drought as well as lack of water supply and also water resources; (3) Strong efforts should be conducted to educate people and increase women capacity in coping issues of poverty, drought, and lack of water supply; and (4) Government agencies and other private institutions have to build women capacity as their participation in enhancing gender equality and mainstreaming gender.

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Beach Topographic Change Analysis Using Multi-temporal UAV Data

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental science 2021年第1期799卷

作者： K T Chang H M Fang S S Hsiao C S Li Associate Professor Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Informatics Minghsin University of Science and Technology Assistant Professor Bachelor's Degree Program in Ocean Engineering and Technology National Taiwan Ocean University Professor Department of Harbor and River Engineering National Taiwan Ocean University Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering Master Department of Harbor and River Engineering National Taiwan Ocean University

A time-serial topographic change was performed using two kinds of surveying methods, including direct measurement and indirect remote sensing technology for beach topography surveillance. Compared with reference topographic data, the root mean square error was 0.169 m. From May, 2018 to March, 2019, multi-temporal beach topographic change results indicated that the distance between baseline and shoreline varied in the range of −24.82∼9.58 meter, and weekly variates are −3.16∼0.45 m. The UAV technique can be efficiently used to detect topographic change information in the coastal area.

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Characteristics of Flood Water Level Based on Hydrologic Soil Group Analysis in Temef Watershed

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental science 2020年第1期437卷

作者： D. Frangky B. Welkis Ferry Moun Iki Lobo Denik Sri Krisnayanti Water Resources Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Brawijaya Malang 65145 Indonesia Alumnus of Master's Program of Environmental Science Nusa Cendana University Kupang 85001 Indonesia Department of Civil Engineering Nusa Cendana University Kupang 85001 Indonesia

Temef Watershed is located in the Benanain River Basin with a catchment area of 551.50 km2. River characteristics in the Temef Watershed are influenced by three main river streams from upstream to downstream. Conventional collection of data on watershed characteristics requires a relatively long process and time. However, when based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the cost and time will be more efficient. The floodwater level is affected by the amount of rainwater runoff that occurs in the Temef Watershed. The amount of runoff depends on the level of soil permeability and land cover. To determine the level of soil permeability, hydrogeological maps are used. Based on this, a study of the characteristics of flood waters from GIS-based hydrogeology is needed. The analysis method used ArcGIS overlay on hydrogeological maps, while data on watershed characteristics used the Archydro and HEC-GeoHMS features. The results of the analysis showed a level 3 permeability type with limestone lithology, solid volcanic breccia, sandy marlene, conglomerate, and alluvium consisting of sand and gravel having moderate to high permeability. The metamorphic and basalt rocks have low to moderate permeability and the scaly clay has low to very low permeability. This condition causes runoff that turn into flood streams.

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Distinctive nitrogen oxides reduction capabilities of a Denitrifying Polyphosphate Accumulating Organisms (DPAOs) enrichment in a long-term nitrite fed sequencing batch reactor

Distinctive nitrogen oxides reduction capabilities of a Deni...

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Water Environment Federation Technical Exhibition and Conference 2017, WEFTEC 2017

作者： Gao, Han Zhao, Xiaotian Zhou, Lei Wells, George F. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL United States Master of Science in Biotechnology Program McCormick School of Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510863682

Denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organisms (DPAOs), are capable of nitrate and/or nitrite (NO2-) reduction coupled to P uptake when subjected to alternating anaerobic/anoxic conditions. However, strong accumulation of nitrous oxide (N2O) has been previously observed in DPAO enrichments under high NO2- concentrations. To date, denitrification capability and denitrifying P uptake rates of DPAOs using different electron acceptors after long-term exposure to elevated NO2- concentration hasn't been examined. To address this knowledge gap, we operated a lab-scale SBR under alternating anaerobic/anoxic conditions with high nitrite feed for >2 years. Ex-situ batch assays were performed to clarify capacity for reduction of various nitrogen oxides and P uptake of the DPAOs enrichment culture. These batch assays revealed distinct nitrogen oxides reduction and denitrifying P uptake capabilities. High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing combined with qPCR assays revealed the selection of putative DPAOs and other potential denitrifying microbial consortia responsible for N2O accumulation under high nitrite-feeding regimes. Copyright © 2017 Water Environment Federation.

关键词： Denitrification

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