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Spatiotemporal assessment and monitoring of urban heat islands in metropolitan areas using machine learning and downscaling

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Sustainable Cities and Society 2025年 126卷

作者： Sampaio, Rafael João Rodriguez, Daniel Andrés Espíndola, Rogério Pinto da Silva, Fabricio Polifke Civil Engineering Program COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Civil Engineering Program COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Department of Meteorology Institute of Geosciences Federal University of Rio de Janeiro

Urban heat islands (UHI) are a significant phenomenon that results from human modification of the land. Numerical models that are used to study the impacts of UHIs on air temperature require high resolution to estimate spatial fields *** study employs both statistical and dynamic downscaling methods to estimate urban heat islands (UHI) from 1 km-resolution air temperature fields from outputs of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, initially generated at a coarser resolution of 5 km, for the Metropolitan Area of Rio de Janeiro (MARJ). In the dynamic method, a grid with 1 km spatial resolution is obtained through a nesting system with three domains of the WRF model of 25–5–1 km. The latter domain couples to the Single-Layer Urban Canopy Model (SLUCM). The statistical approach introduces a novel methodology based on the extreme gradient boosting machine learning algorithm, which correlates air temperature with physiographic landscape variables on a scale of 1 km by 1 multiple nonlinear regression. Additionally, SHAP analysis is applied to assess individual feature contributions in the machine learning model. The performance of theses downscaling methods is evaluated using atmospheric temperature measured at meteorological stations and estimated from remote sensing data. Both methods satisfactorily simulate the temporal and spatial behavior of UHIs in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, however, the statistical approach demonstrates significantly lower computational costs. This result demonstrates the feasibility of this machine learning-based approach as an alternative for studying and monitoring UHI with limited computational resources. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Regression analysis

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Road Traffic Safety Analysis at Unsignalized Intersection of Rural Road in Yogyakarta

Road Traffic Safety Analysis at Unsignalized Intersection of...

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8th International Conference on engineering and Applied Science, ICEAT 2024

作者： Mahmudah, N. Pratama, W.A. Aziz, F. Ihza, Z.M. Karim, M.A. Master Program of Civil Engineering Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Bantul Indonesia

Based on accident data provided by the National Police of Yogyakarta, the Bantul - Srandakan road segment has been identified as the most accident-prone area in Bantul Regency. Therefore, this study aims to mapping blackspot areas, identifying traffic conflict patterns, and analysing the severity of traffic conflicts employing Traffic Conflict Technique (TCT). The stages of study involved secondary data collection, accident ranking analysis using the Accident Equivalent Number (AEN) method, field surveys to obtain primary data, and TCT analysis to assess potential risks and conflicts at key intersections. The results highlighted that blackspot areas are primarily located along the Bantul - Srandakan road segment, particularly at unsignalized intersections. The traffic conflict analysis revealed a high incidence of serious conflicts, with motorcycles being the most vulnerable road users. The severity of these conflicts is strongly influenced by Time to Collision (TTC), with shorter TTC values driven by higher vehicle speeds, contributing to more dangerous scenarios. It is most probably as the main cause of death occur on the road segment. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Highway accidents

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Factors affecting the crop's water footprint to optimize the water use efficiency in the Gaza strip, Palestine

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Journal of Water and Climate Change 2025年第4期16卷 1443-1458页

作者： Mizyed, Amjad Mogheir, Yunes Hamada, Mazen S. Water Technology joint program Islamic University of Gaza al-Azhar University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Water Resources and Environment – Civil and Environmental Engineering Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Chemistry Department – Faculty of Science Al Azhar University Gaza Strip Palestine

The agricultural sector in the Gaza Strip consumes more than 51% of the available water, leading to a massive deficit in the water budget. This study employs the water footprint concept as an innovative tool for effective water resources management. It examines the impact of several factors on nine basic crops (olives, citrus, grapes, wheat, tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant, squash, and cucumber) in the aspects of irrigation water consumption, climate parameters, crop patterns, virtual water trade, and achieving the best profits using the CROPWAT program and developing a linear programming model that combines economic benefit and water footprint. The best optimization was attained by changing crop pattern cultivation, as it achieved food security and optimized by 33% the use of green water. Also, the consumption of blue water was reduced by 29.4 million m3 (37%), as well as the productivity of water units increased to 18.5 $/m3 for eggplant, followed by potatoes at 13.9 $/m3, tomatoes at 9.25 $/m3, and cucumbers at 8.74 $/m3. The water footprint has proven its effectiveness in increasing water use efficiency and is considered an effective tool in planning for sustainable water management. © 2025 The Authors.

关键词： Irrigation

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Coupled PFAS Transport and Seepage Models to Evaluate Retardation due to Air-Water-Interface Adsorption

Coupled PFAS Transport and Seepage Models to Evaluate Retard...

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Geo-EnvironMeet 2025: Geoenvironmental Contamination and Waste Containment

作者： Alam, Md. Khorshed Farid, Arvin Computing Ph.D. Program Boise State Univ. BoiseID United States Dept. of Civil Engineering Boise State Univ. BoiseID United States

ISBN: (数字)9780784485699

The term Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) refer to a class of manmade very stable chemicals popular for their ability to withstand heat and moisture. Hence, they are used in manufacturing a variety of goods and firefighting aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF). The discharge of these chemicals into the soil occurs when they are introduced into the environment through various means, such as being used in firefighting foams and similar products or when they get deposited in landfills. In addition to some levels of adsorption to a solid phase, PFAS have a propensity to adhere to the water-air interface, due to surfactant-like nature. This adsorption to air-water interfaces can complicate PFAS transportation through the vadose zone. The persistent properties and potential health risks linked to PFAS provide formidable complexity. Due to the widespread contamination of the environment caused by PFAS, scientists and environmental agencies are intensively studying the fate and flow of these chemicals within the soil environment. In this paper, two numerical models - groundwater seepage and PFAS transport - are developed to examine the impact of air-water interface adsorption on the transport of PFAS within soil's unsaturated (vadose) and saturated (groundwater) environments. For unsaturated soil and the coupled groundwater seepage and PFAS transport models, the degree of saturation is fed into the PFAS transport model from the seepage model;the results are shown through 2D snapshots at certain times that show the spatial distribution of PFAS concentration over time for the two inlet-outlet-combination scenarios. Highlighting the significant impact of air-water interface adsorption (caused by varying degrees of water saturation) on PFAS transport within the groundwater system, the coupled model emphasizes the essential importance of taking site-specific conditions and hydrogeological parameters into account when assessing the risks of PFAS contamination and devising

关键词： Seepage

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CorrA: Leveraging Large Language Models for Dynamic Obstacle Avoidance of Autonomous Vehicles

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wang, Shanting Typaldos, Panagiotis Malikopoulos, Andreas A. System Engineering Program Cornell University IthacaNY United States School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY United States School of Civil and Environmental Engineering The System Engineering Program Cornell University IthacaNY United States

In this paper, we present Corridor-Agent (CorrA), a framework that integrates large language models (LLMs) with model predictive control (MPC) to address the challenges of dynamic obstacle avoidance in autonomous vehicles. Our approach leverages LLM reasoning ability to generate appropriate parameters for sigmoid-based boundary functions that define safe corridors around obstacles, effectively reducing the state-space of the controlled vehicle. The proposed framework adjusts these boundaries dynamically based on real-time vehicle data that guarantees collision-free trajectories while also ensuring both computational efficiency and trajectory optimality. The problem is formulated as an optimal control problem and solved with differential dynamic programming (DDP) for constrained optimization, and the proposed approach is embedded within an MPC framework. Extensive simulation and real-world experiments demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves superior performance in maintaining safety and efficiency in complex, dynamic environments compared to a baseline MPC approach. © 2025, CC0.

关键词： Constrained optimization

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Territorial Ecological Restoration with a High-carbon Storage Focus in the Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomeration of China:Insights from Carbon Metabolism Spatial Security Patterns

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Chinese Geographical Science 2025年第1期35卷 73-91页

作者： QIN Menglin LIU Yuting TAN Qianxi ZHU Ziming WU Xinyu JIANG Hongbo LI Hang SHI Qianqian School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004China School of Forestry Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Ecosystem Science and Management Program University of Northern British ColumbiaPrince George V2N 4Z9Canada Zhuhai Institute of Planning and Design Zhuhai 519000China

This study focuses on urgent research on restoring and enhancing carbon storage capacity in the Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomer-ation of China,a key area in the‘Belt and Road’Initiative,which aligns with carbon peaking and neutrality *** research ana-lyzes the spatial characteristics of carbon metabolism from 2000 to 2020 and uses models to identify stable carbon sink areas,positive carbon flow corridors,and carbon sequestration *** goal is to construct a carbon metabolism spatial security pattern(CMSSP)and propose territorial ecological restoration strategies under different development demand *** results show the following:1)in 2020,the study area’s carbon sink decreased by 8.29×10^(4) t C/yr compared with that in 2010 and by 10.83×10^(4) t C/yr compared with that in ***-carbon sinks were found mainly in mountainous areas,whereas low-carbon sinks are concentrated in urban con-struction land,rural residential areas,and land margins.2)From 2000 to 2020,the spatial security pattern of carbon metabolism tended to be‘high in the middle of the east and west and low in the gulf.’In 2000,2010,and 2020,16 stable carbon sinks were *** carbon energy flow density in Guangxi was greater than that in Guangdong and Hainan,with positive carbon flow corridors located primarily in Guangxi and *** number of carbon sequestration nodes remained stable at approximately 15,mainly in Guangxi and Hainan.3)Scenario simulations revealed that under the Nature-based mild restoration scenario,the carbon sink rate will reach 611.85×10^(4) t C/yr by 2030 and increase to 612.45×10^(4) t C/yr by 2060,with stable carbon sinks increasing to *** the restora-tion scenario based on Anti-globalization,the carbon sink will decrease from 610.24×10^(4) t C/yr in 2030 to 605.19×10^(4) t C/yr in 2060,with the disappearance of some positive carbon flow corridors and stable carbon *** the Human-based sustainable restoration scenario,the carbon sink area wil

关键词： carbon metabolism spatial security pattern(CMSSP) territorial ecological restoration carbon sink carbon storage capacity Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomeration,China

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Hysteresis Model of Permafrost Thermal State Variation with Air Temperature in Utqiaġvik, Alaska, Based on Distributed Temperature Sensing

Hysteresis Model of Permafrost Thermal State Variation with ...

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Geotechnical Frontiers 2025: Geotechnics of Natural Hazards

作者： Ji, Xiaohang Xiao, Ming Martin, Eileen Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering Pennsylvania State Univ. University ParkPA United States Dept. of Geophysics Dept. of Applied Math and Statistics Hydrologic Science and Engineering Program Colorado School of Mines GoldenCO United States

ISBN: (数字)9780784485996

Increasing air temperatures are driving permafrost warming across the Arctic and sub-Arctic. This in turn degrades the geomechanical properties of soils, disrupts the natural environment and infrastructure systems, and results in long-lasting societal impacts. Understanding the thermal state of degrading permafrost in the Arctic is crucial for maintaining resilient infrastructure in the changing Arctic. This study employs Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) to monitor permafrost temperature near Utqiaġvik, Alaska, from 2021 to 2024. Fiber-optic DTS sensors have unique and attractive characteristics that allow their deployment in the Arctic for low-maintenance, cost-effective, and high-resolution data. This paper presents the temperature recordings of a 2-km DTS system on the tundra near Utqiaġvik, Alaska, by the Elson Lagoon. A hysteresis model is developed to link permafrost temperature with air temperature, incorporating meteorological data and ground surface conditions. The study also explores the impact of civil infrastructure on permafrost thermal dynamics. © ASCE.

关键词： Permafrost

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Combining Cooperative Re-Routing with Intersection Coordination for Connected and Automated Vehicles in Urban Networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Typaldos, Panagiotis Malikopoulos, Andreas A. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY United States School of Civil and Environmental Engineering The System Engineering Program Cornell University IthacaNY United States

In this paper, we present a hierarchical framework that integrates upper-level routing with low-level optimal trajectory planning for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) traveling in an urban network. The upper-level controller efficiently distributes traffic flows by utilizing a dynamic rerouting algorithm that leverages real-time density information and the fundamental diagrams of each network edge. This rerouting approach predicts when each edge will reach critical density and proactively adjusts the routing algorithm’s weights to prevent congestion before it occurs. The low-level controller coordinates CAVs as they cross signal-free intersections, generating optimal, fuel-efficient trajectories while ensuring safe passage by satisfying all relevant constraints. We formulate the problem as an optimal control problem and derive an analytical solution. Using the SUMO micro-simulation platform, we conduct simulation experiments on a realistic network. The results show that our hierarchical framework significantly enhances network performance compared to a baseline static routing approach. By dynamically re-routing vehicles, our approach successfully reduces total travel time and mitigates congestion before it develops. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Travel time

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Application of Iron Mine Waste Rock as an Innovative Cement Replacement Material in Mortar 1st

Application of Iron Mine Waste Rock as an Innovative Cement ...

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1st International Conference on Net-Zero Built Environment: Innovations in Materials, Structures, and Management Practices, NTZR 2024

作者： Cezar, Bruna Figueiredo da Silva Magalhães, Margareth Pimenta, André Rocha Post-Graduate Program in Civil Engineering State University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Instrumentation and Computational Simulation Laboratory Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9783031696251

In recent decades, the world has experienced a surge in extreme environmental events, exacerbated by the ongoing impacts of climate change. Substantial research underscores the role of anthropogenic CO2 emissions as the primary driver behind climate change and global warming. Cement production, constituting roughly 7% of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions, stands as a significant contributor to this issue. Consequently, there has been a growing focus on mitigation strategies within the cement industry, particularly emphasizing the utilization of mineral admixtures. An innovative yet underexplored material for partial cement replacement is iron mining waste rock, a by-product of open-pit mining operations used to extract iron ore deposits. Unlike underground mining, open-pit methods generate larger volumes of waste rock, typically stored in substantial geotechnical structures like piles, pits, or dams. This study conducted physical–chemical, mineralogical, and morphological characterizations on iron mine waste rock. Subsequently, four mortar mixtures were formulated, integrating iron mine waste as a partial substitute for cement (up to 30% by mass), and compared against a reference mortar. The performance assessment encompassed evaluations of fresh mortar properties, compressive strength, and elastic modulus. Findings revealed that the waste rock demonstrates limited pozzolanic activity, primarily functioning as a filler, and its inclusion in mortar enhances the workability of the mixes. However, a marginal reduction in compressive strength (up to 15%) was observed in mortar mixtures where 30% of the cement was replaced by waste rock. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Open pit mining

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Influence of stirrup detailing on the punching resistance of reinforced concrete flat slabs

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engineering Structures 2025年 336卷

作者： Ferreira, Maurício P. Costa, Mayara G. Pereira Filho, Manoel J.M. Ruiz, Miguel Fernández Faria, Duarte Viúla Faculty of Civil Engineering Federal University of Para Belem Brazil Postgraduate Program in Civil Engineering Federal University of Para Belem Brazil Faculty of Civil Engineering Federal University of Para Tucuruí Brazil School of Civil Engineering Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Spain Senior Structural Engineer MFIC Ingénieurs Civils SA Morges Switzerland

This paper investigates the influence of anchorage of stirrups on their effectiveness as punching shear reinforcement in flat slabs. A comprehensive literature review is presented, resulting in a database containing 115 results from tests on monotonic concentrically loaded interior slab-column connections with different types of stirrups. Based on the shear reinforcement geometry, the tests were categorised into five groups: single-leg stirrups or links, closed stirrups, open stirrups, multiple-leg stirrups, and truss-shaped stirrups. The differences in the punching shear strength provided by the diverse types of stirrups are discussed as a function of the shear reinforcement ratio of the tested slabs. The results show that stirrups are anchored mainly through mechanical engagement provided by bends or hooks on their ends, and their efficiency depends significantly on embracing the flexural rebars. It is also observed that using stirrups inclined at 60º degrees in relation to the slab's plane is favourable and increases the punching shear resistance. In addition, it is also observed that welded bars associated with supplementary reinforcement within appropriate detailing rules allow the use of truss-shaped stirrups as punching shear reinforcement since they can reach similar resistance increments as observed for studs. This paper consolidates the optimal detailing rules for stirrups and highlights the upper resistance potential for each type of stirrup. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Concrete slabs

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