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Contaminated drinking water facilitates Escherichia coli strain-sharing within households in urban informal settlements

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Nature Microbiology 2025年第5期10卷 1198-1209页

作者： Kim, Daehyun D. Swarthout, Jenna M. Worby, Colin J. Chieng, Benard Mboya, John Earl, Ashlee M. Njenga, Sammy M. Pickering, Amy J. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California Berkeley CA United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Tufts University Medford MA United States Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program Broad Institute Cambridge MA United States Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Chan Zuckerberg Biohub—San Francisco San Francisco CA United States Blum Center for Developing Economies University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA United States

Identifying bacterial transmission pathways is crucial to inform strategies that limit the spread of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Here we assessed Escherichia coli strain-sharing and overlap of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) across humans, poultry, canines, soil, and drinking water within and between households in urban informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. We collected 321 samples from 50 households with half having access to chlorinated water. We performed Pooling Isolated Colonies-seq, which sequences pools of up to five E. coli colonies per sample to capture strain diversity. Pooling Isolated Colonies-seq captured 1,516 colonies and identified 154 strain-sharing events, overcoming limitations of single-isolate sequencing and metagenomics. Within households, strain-sharing rates and resistome similarities across sample types were strongly correlated, suggesting clonal transmission of ARGs. E. coli isolated from the environment carried clinically relevant ARGs. Strain-sharing was rare between animals and humans but frequent between humans and drinking water. E. coli-contaminated stored drinking water was associated with higher human–human strain-sharing within households. These results suggest that contaminated drinking water facilitates human to human strain-sharing, and water treatment can disrupt transmission. © The Author(s) 2025.

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Mechanical properties of hydraulic concretes with partial replacement of Portland cement by pozzolans obtained from agro-industrial residues: A review

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Heliyon 2025年第1期11卷 e41004页

作者： Torres-Ortega, Ramon Torres-Sanchez, Diego Lopez-Lara, Teresa Engineering Program – Civil Engineering Program University of Cartagena Cartagena de Indias 130015 Colombia Department of Civil and Engineering Environmental Engineering Florida International University United States Faculty of Engineering Autonomous University of Queretaro Qro Santiago de Queretaro 76010 Mexico

The search for alternative material sources to conventional ones has had a significant impact on the construction sector today, driven by the implementation of sustainable development policies on a global scale. Alternative cementitious materials, such as agricultural industry by-products, have been introduced to ensure the efficient use of renewable natural resources while promoting a balance between the technical and economic aspects of infrastructure projects. This article provides an overview of research conducted on the use of pozzolans derived from agro-industrial by-products, such as rice husk ash (RHA), palm oil fuel ash (POFA), and sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), which have a high content of amorphous silica. This silica reacts with calcium hydroxide during the hydration process of Portland cement, leading to the production of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel with cementitious properties. Investigations have explored the improvements these pozzolans provide in terms of compressive, flexural, and tensile strength in concretes where conventional Portland cement has been partially replaced by these materials. The influence of temperature and grinding processes used in their preparation was also determined, with optimal temperatures for obtaining amorphous silica ranging between 600 °C and 700 °C. Additionally, the optimal replacement levels for enhancing the mechanical properties of concrete were found to range between 10 % and 20 %. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Agro-industrial by-products in concrete Natural pozzolans Pozzolanic concrete

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Evaluation of HDPE plastic waste as a coarse aggregate substitute in Hot Rolled Sheet-Wearing Course asphalt mixtures 1

Evaluation of HDPE plastic waste as a coarse aggregate subst...

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1st engineering and Science International Conference 2024, ESIC 2024

作者： Desriantomy, D. Siantoni, J. Murniati, M. Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Palangka Raya Kampus UPR Tunjung Nyaho Yos Sudarso Street Kotak Pos 2/PLKUP Palangka Raya Central Kalimantan73111 Indonesia Doctoral Program in Environmental Science Postgraduate Program Universitas Palangka Raya Kampus UPR Tunjung Nyaho Yos Sudarso Street Kotak Pos 2/PLKUP Palangka Raya Central Kalimantan73111 Indonesia

Plastic-based goods are commonly used in daily life, but their waste poses significant environmental challenges due to its durability. This study investigates the use of recycled plastic as an artificial coarse aggregate in asphalt mixtures, specifically assessing the effects of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) on Hot Rolled Sheet Wearing Course (HRS-WC) mixtures. The objectives are to evaluate the physical properties of the artificial coarse aggregates, identify the optimal asphalt content and Marshall characteristics, and determine the maximum feasible substitution level for these aggregates. A test specimen (briquette) was produced for the Marshall test to assess the mixture properties. Our findings indicate that the maximum allowable substitution of HDPE plastic in HRS-WC mixtures is 42%. With an optimal asphalt content of 7.30%, HDPE substitution levels of 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, and 50% yielded the highest stability at 45% (1176.696 kg), the highest VMA at 30% (21.250%), and the highest VIM within specifications at 30% (4.998%). The highest VFB value was observed at 45% (88.767%), while the highest Marshall Quotient was at 30% (364.527 kg/mm). The study recommends a maximum HDPE plastic waste substitution level of 40%, highlighting the potential for using HDPE plastic waste in asphalt mixtures to promote more sustainable construction practices. © 2025 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Aggregates

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Prediction Model for Track Quality Index Categories on the Northern and Southern Railway Lines of Java

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Periodica Polytechnica Transportation engineering 2025年第2期53卷 184-193页

作者： Yudariansyah, Hadi Ismiyati, Ismiyati Narendera, Alfa Doctoral Program of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Diponegoro 5–7 Hayam Wuruk street Semarang50241 Indonesia Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Diponegoro Prof. Sudarto Tembalang Street Semarang50275 Indonesia Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Semarang State University E3–4 Kampus Sekaran Gunung Pati Street Semarang50229 Indonesia

Track quality index (TQI) is a quality metric that objectively measures the geometric condition of railway tracks for maintenance planning. The TQI categories serve as the basis for proposed track maintenance. The TQI measured by the EM120 track recording car on Java island currently covers only 78.84% of the 5,634.363 km of railway tracks, indicating that there are still track sections without TQI category values. This study aims to model the maintenance of railway infrastructure based on TQI categories derived from both track recording car results and manual measurements across various sections of railway lines on the northern and southern routes of Java island. The analysis used is based on the standard deviation of railway track geometry, including superelevation, levelling, lining, and track gauge. Factors such as turnouts, bridges, crossings, straight sections, and curves were then classified as predictive factors. Machine learning techniques were adopted, with 80% of the data set randomly used for training and the remaining for testing to generate TQI category predictions. A total of 233,175 TQI data points from 2019–2022 were used to build and validate the model. The results indicate that the multinomial regression model for TQI Categories 1, 2, 3, and 4 is highly accurate, the rest is influenced by other factors. These results imply that the model has an exceptional fit and excellent predictive capability for TQI on the northern and southern railway lines of Java island. © 2025 Budapest University of Technology and Economics. All rights reserved.

关键词： Prediction models

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Strength and Permeability of Thermally Consolidated Soft Ground

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Geotechnical and Geological engineering 2025年第5期43卷 1-24页

作者： Srisakul, Watchara Chub-uppakarn, Tanan Chompoorat, Thanakorn Department of Engineering Technology Faculty of Engineering and Technology Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya Trang92150 Thailand Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Prince of Songkla University Songkhla90110 Thailand Southern Natural Disaster Research Center Prince of Songkla University Songkhla90110 Thailand Civil Engineering Program School of Engineering University of Phayao Phayao56000 Thailand

This study investigates the effects of thermal treatment on the mechanical behavior of highly compressible Pak Phanang clay, a soft soil with low strength that typically requires advanced ground improvement methods. Heating is considered a promising technique for enhancing foundation stability, particularly for critical infrastructure. The research focuses on the thermo-mechanical behavior of the clay, emphasizing consolidation and solidification processes that influence load-bearing capacity. Isotropically consolidated undrained triaxial tests were conducted at temperatures of 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C, and 60 °C with over-consolidation ratios (OCR) of 1, 2, 4, and 8. The results showed that increasing temperature significantly enhanced both peak deviator stress (qu) and the secant Young’s modulus (E50), with a strong linear correlation: E50=108.70×qu. Dry density increased and organic matter content slightly decreased under thermal treatment, particularly in normally consolidated clay. Excess pore water pressure (EPWP) increased linearly with temperature across all OCR values. Consolidation volume change also increased with temperature but decreased as OCR rose. The coefficient of consolidation (Cv) improved with temperature, leading to faster consolidation, especially in normally consolidated specimens. The coefficient of permeability (k) increased with temperature but declined with higher OCR, with k rising by 14.6%–24.2% from 30 °C to 60 °C in normally consolidated samples. Predictive models for qu and k based on temperature and OCR demonstrated high accuracy. Overall, the findings provide a reliable understanding of the thermal–mechanical response of this clay type, supporting its application in temperature-assisted ground improvement. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Shear strength

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Analysis of paramagnetic point defects in finely ground particles of natural quartz using ionizing radiation and EPR spectroscopy

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Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids 2025年第1-2期180卷 16-28页

作者： Guzzo, Pedro L. Luis, Maria Júlia S. Soares, Bruno R. de Barros, Filipe B. Marinho Department of Mining Engineering Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil Federal University of Ceará Cratéus Brazil Graduate Program of Energetic and Nuclear Technologies Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil Graduate Program of Civil Engineering Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil

Ultrafine grinding is a key size reduction (1, Peroxy radical and substitutional Ge center) were affected by the mechanical severity inherent to each mill. Peroxy radical was directly associated with the surface abrasion caused by prolonged impact and attrition inherent to planetary milling. This effect was not observed in jet mill products. In turn, the bulk [GeO4/Li]0 center was more sensitive to the high-energy particle–particle collision related to jet milling. The EPR results were discussed in relation to particle size and morphology and X-ray diffraction data. © 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Gamma rays

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Effect of adobe wall shapes and openings on out-of-plane behavior

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Structures 2025年 77卷

作者： Kıpçak, Fırat Erdil, Barış Construction Technology Program Van Yuzuncu Yil University Van Turkey Department of Civil Engineering Van Yuzuncu Yil University Van Turkey

Adobe masonry structures which are among the traditional structures, are affected by many parameters like other masonry structures. These parameters include material, workmanship, mortar, support condition, wall direction, wall slenderness and opening properties. Those parameters are important because they affect the seismic performance significantly. There are many studies in the literature considering the in-plane behavior of masonry walls;however, it has been observed after many earthquakes that most of the adobe walls collapse due to out-of-plane displacements. In order to understand the out-of-plane behavior well, this study aims to experimentally and numerically investigate the out-of-plane behavior of adobe walls having different configurations such as wall aspect ratio, wall shape and openings. The failure mechanisms, horizontal load capacity ratios and failure profiles were evaluated. In the study, a total of 18 different wall models were produced: 6 U-shaped walls with two-side support walls, 6 L-shaped walls with one-side support walls and 6 I-shaped walls without support walls. All the walls were tested on a tilting table. They were also analyzed by simplified micro modeling technique in ABAQUS software. The adobe walls were constructed in the form of interlocking pattern according to the traditional pattern. A clay and fiber mixed mortar with the same properties as the unit was used between the adobe units. According to the experimental and numerical results, it was observed that the support walls in adobe walls increased the out-of-plane wall stiffness and lateral load capacity ratio. As the wall aspect ratio increased, the lateral load capacity decreased in the models with support walls and increased in the models without support walls. Increasing wall length decreased the effectiveness of the supporting wall. Door/window openings left in the wall did not adversely affect the capacity to a great extent. The lateral load capacity/weight ratio changed s

关键词： ABAQUS

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Massive plywood panels and manufacturers: a comprehensive systematic literature review and case study

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Discover civil engineering 2025年第1期2卷 1-24页

作者： De Araujo, Victor Alves, Larissa Jardim, Pedro Švajlenka, Jozef Christoforo, André Post-Graduation Program in Civil Engineering São Paulo State University Ilha Solteira Brazil Department of Civil Engineering Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos Brazil Department of Civil Engineering Federal University of Rondônia Porto Velho Brazil Department of Construction Technology Economy and Management Technical University of Košice Košice Slovakia

Massive timber is a category of heavy green engineered products, manufactured from glued or glued-free processes, to be used in more predictable structural performance in industrialized walls, floors and frames. Massive plywood panel emerges as a novelty for mass timber construction and, therefore, little information is scientifically available. Aligning with the Sustainable Development Goal 9: ‘Industry, innovation and infrastructures’, this study aims to verify this literature gap and raise topics regarding massive plywood panels using a structured systematic review literature. From bibliometric analysis, 12 journal papers, 10 conference papers and an editorial were prospected using Scopus and Web of Science databases. A predominance of studies from English language nations was confirmed. Seismic and monotonic performance of massive plywood are frequent topics in these investigations, whose results have indicated a promising scenario for construction. As no study on industry is available, a case study on massive plywood was sequentially developed to discuss features of commercial panels and perspectives of respective global industry. The North American Freres Engineered Wood and Finnish Metsä Wood are the only active manufacturers, and their massive plywood panels have been manufactured from modern production technologies and environmentally certified practices to be applied in low- and high-rise industrialized buildings.

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Zero Thermal Expansion Metamaterial Designs for Space Structures

Zero Thermal Expansion Metamaterial Designs for Space Struct...

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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Lu, Wei-Chun Oudghiri-Idrissi, Othman Poli, Andrea Arruda, Ellen M. Tol, Serife Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan 2350 Hayward St Ann ArborMI48109 United States Fariborz Maseeh Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 301 E. Dean Keeton St AustinTX78712 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program University of Michigan 2350 Hayward St Ann ArborMI48109 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

The precision of space structures is sensitive to high-temperature variation during on-orbit operations. This work develops zero thermal expansion (ZTE) metamaterials that can be integrated into space structures to restrict large thermal deformation under precision requirements. The proposed bi-material ZTE metamaterial beams show extremely low coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) for a wide temperature variation. Static and dynamic analyses are conducted on the designed metamaterials for performance evaluation. The proposed ZTE beam elements are integrated into a 48-meter rib of a space RF antenna to enhance its thermal precision over a wide temperature range. Further, experimental validation of the ZTE truss beam design is conducted in a thermal chamber to demonstrate its low thermal deformation compared to a reference aluminum truss beam. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Trusses

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Impact of climate change on rainfall erosivity in the Amazon and Cerrado biomes under CMIP6 scenarios

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Journal of Sedimentary Environments 2025年 1-16页

作者： de Mendonça, Leonardo Melo Blanco, Claudio Cruz, Josias da Silva Post-Graduation Program of Civil Engineering Federal University of Pará-PPGEC/ITEC/UFPA Belém Brazil School of Environmental and Sanitary Engineering Federal University of Pará-FAESA/ITEC/UFPA Belém Brazil

The objective of this work is to investigate the impact of Global Warming on the rainfall erosivity factor (R-Factor) in the Amazon and Cerrado biomes, regions with high agricultural productivity in Brazil. Thus, the mean monthly rainfall projected under two climate change scenarios (SSP2-4.5—intermediate and SSP5-8.5—most pessimistic) was used, based on the Multi-Model Ensemble comprising thirty-two Global Climate Models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6. The simulations are post-processed using the Bias-Correction Spatial Disaggregation statistical downscaling method, with 0.25° × 0.25° spatial resolution. Linear Scaling was applied to correct systematic biases, based on the Climate Hazards Center InfraRed Precipitation with Station Data Version 2.0 and the reference period from 1981 to 2010. The monthly R-Factor was estimated using seven previously calibrated statistical models. The estimated values showed Kling-Gupta Efficiency ranging from 0.687 to 0.866, which are considered satisfactory. The reference monthly R-Factors ranged from 0 to 4140 MJ mm h⁻1 ha⁻1 month⁻1, while the reference annual R-Factor ranged from 5580 to 25,200 MJ mm h⁻1 ha⁻1 year⁻1, predominantly classified as very strong. Projected changes in the annual R-Factor until 2100 varied from − 2617 to 81 MJ mm h⁻1 ha⁻1 year⁻1 in the intermediate scenario, and from − 5564 to – 313 MJ mm h⁻1 ha⁻1 year⁻1 in the most pessimistic scenario. The Northern and Central regions of the Amazon exhibit the most intense rates of change in the annual R-Factor. However, the annual R-Factor class remains predominantly very strong under both analyzed scenarios.

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