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Lactate-mediated medium-chain fatty acid production from expired dairy and beverage waste

Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第5期21卷 278-286页

作者： Bin Bian Wenxiang Zhang Najiaowa Yu Wei Yang Jiajie Xu Bruce E.Logan Pascal E.Saikaly Water Desalination and Reuse Center(WDRC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Environmental Science and Engineering Program Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering(BESE)DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA Research Centre of Ecology&Environment for Coastal Area and Deep Sea Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)Guangzhou511458China School of Marine Science Ningbo UniversityNingbo315211China

Fruits,vegetables,and dairy products are typically the primary sources of household food ***,anaerobic digestion is the most used bioprocess for the treatment of food waste with concomitant generation of ***,to achieve a circular carbon economy,the organics in food waste should be converted to new chemicals with higher value than *** we demonstrate the feasibility of medium-chain carboxylic acid(MCCA)production from expired dairy and beverage waste via a chain elongation platform mediated by *** a two-stage fermentation process,the first stage with optimized operational conditions,including varying temperatures and organic loading rates,transformed expired dairy and beverage waste into lactate at a concentration higher than 900 mM C at 43℃.This lactate was then used to produce>500 mM C caproate and>300 mM C butyrate via microbial chain ***,lactate-producing microbes such as Lactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus were regulated by temperature and could be highly enriched under mesophilic conditions in the firststage *** the second-stage chain elongation reactor,the dominating microbes were primarily from the genera Megasphaera and Caproiciproducens,shaped by varying feed and inoculum *** network analysis revealed positive correlations among species from the genera Caproiciproducens,Ruminococcus,and CAG-352,as well as Megasphaera,Bacteroides,and Solobacterium,indicating strong microbial interactions that enhance caproate *** findings suggest that producing MCCAs from expired dairy and beverage waste via lactate-mediated chain elongation is a viable method for sustainable waste management and could serve as a chemical production platform in the context of building a circular bioeconomy.

关键词： Microbial chain elongation Medium chain carboxylic acids Food waste Fermentation

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Sensitivity Analysis of Planetary Boundary Layer and Microphysics Parameterization Schemes in Wrf Model for Guwahati Urban Domain

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Prakash, Ved Vats, Om Prakash Chakravorty, Aniket Ratnayake, Uditha Rohana Bhattacharjya, Rajib Kumar Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Department of Civil Engineering Assam Guwahati781039 India Government Engineering College Aurangabad Department of Civil Engineering Bihar Aurangabad824125 India North Eastern Space Applications Centre Department of Space Government of India Meghalaya Shillong India Universiti Teknologi Brunei Civil Engineering Program Area Faculty of Engineering Brunei

Increasing frequency of flash floods highlights the critical necessity for a reliable flood forecasting system to minimize potential human and property losses. A notable obstacle in flood prediction lies in obtaining accurate high-resolution precipitation forecasts. Numerical Weather Prediction models play a crucial role in informed decision-making and risk mitigation, especially the challenge of flood forecasting, which requires precise and high-resolution precipitation forecasts. This study delves into a detailed parameter sensitivity analysis to improve the accuracy of precipitation forecasts within a mesoscale urban climate. By conducting simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model, coupled with the Local Climate Zone map, in the intricate terrain of Guwahati, the research concentrates on refining mesoscale simulations tailored for urban climates. The model performance is thoroughly assessed by comparing the simulated precipitation data from the WRF model with the observed MSWEP data set. Furthermore, this study explores the application of a multi-criteria-based decision-making method, TOPSIS analysis. Based on the analysis of the TOPSIS scores, out of 10 combinations of MP-PBL schemes, the WSM6-MYJ, WSM6-BL, and WSM5-MYJ emerge as the most promising combinations of MP and PBL schemes in all significant rainfall events. The findings of this research offer valuable guidance for selecting parameterization schemes to enhance the precision of urban atmospheric simulations, consequently improving predictive capabilities and assisting in resilience development against extreme weather events. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sensitivity analysis

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Diagnostic of Injury Risk in the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Based on Shape Context Description of the Intercondylar Notch Curvature

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Journal of engineering and Science in Medical Diagnostics and Therapy 2022年第2期5卷 021001页

作者： Dias, Joaõ Paulo Bhuiyan, Ariful Shamim, Nabila Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania 1871 Old Main Drive ShippensburgPA17257 United States Mechanical Engineering Program University of Houston Clear Lake 2700 Bay Area Blvd. HoustonTX77058 United States Department of Chemical Engineering Prairie View AandM University 100 University Drive Prairie ViewTX77446 United States

An estimated number of 300,000 new anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries occur each year in the United States. Recent studies have pointed out a correlation between the curvature of the femur intercondylar notch and the risk of noncontact ACL injury. Although several magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-based ACL diagnostics methods have already been proposed in the literature, most of them are based on machine learning or deep learning strategies, which are computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose a diagnostics framework for the risk of injury in the ACL based on the application of the inner-distance shape context (IDSC) to describe the curvature of the intercondylar notch from MR images. First, the contours of the intercondylar notch curvature from 91 MR images of the distal end of the femur (70 healthy and 21 with confirmed ACL injury) were extracted manually using standard image processing tools. Next, the IDSC was applied to calculate the similarity factor between the extracted contours and reference standard curvatures. Finally, probability density functions of the similarity factor data were obtained through parametric statistical inference, and the accuracy of the ACL injury risk diagnostics framework was assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC). The overall results for the area under the curve (AUC) showed that the method reached a maximum accuracy of about 66%. Furthermore, the sensitivity and specificity results showed that an optimum discrimination threshold value for the similarity factor can be pursued that minimizes the incidence of false positives and false negatives simultaneously. © 2022 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetic resonance

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Numerical analysis of the influence of the contact boundary condition and specimen geometry on concrete compressive strength

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Procedia Structural Integrity 2023年 47卷 261-267页

作者： Caroline Bremm Luísa Inda Leandro Ferreira Friedrich Sabrina Vantadori Ignacio Iturrioz Luis Kosteski Engineering Post Graduation Program Federal University of Pampa Av. Tiaraju 810 Alegrete 97546-550 Brazil Civil Engineering Graduate Program Federal University of Pampa Av. Tiaraju 810 Alegrete 97546-550 Brazil Program of Mechanical Pos-Graduation Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Sarmento Leite 425 Porto Alegre 90040-060 Brazil Department of Engineering & Architecture University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A 43124 Parma Italy

In the present paper, the influence of the contact boundary condition and specimen geometry on the concrete compressive strength is numerically investigated by using a version of the Lattice Discrete Element Method (LDEM), implemented on Abaqus/Explicit. More precisely, two types of contact boundary conditions are considered and, for each of them, three different slenderness levels (height/width ratio - h/b) are analyzed (that is, h/b = 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0) by considering a square cross-section. Moreover, for h/b = 2.0, a circular cross-section is also examined. Two models are developed: one by using the LDEM and the other by using a hybrid model, combining Finite Elements and LDEs. The results show that both the boundary conditions and the sample geometry influence the axial compressive strength.

关键词： Abaqus concrete compressive strength Lattice Discrete Element Method (LDEM)

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FACTORS CAUSING TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS BASED ON THE TRIP MAKER PERCEPTION: COMPARISON BETWEEN URBAN AND RURAL ROADS

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Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 2022年第3期57卷 127-137页

作者： Radam, Iphan Fitrian Harianto, Dedy Narang, Rio Irakama Magister Program of Civil Engineering Lambung Mangkurat University Banjarmasin Indonesia Department of Transportation Regency of Balangan South Kalimantan Indonesia Department of Housing and Settlement Area Regency of Barito Utara Centre Kalimantan Indonesia

Traffic accidents can occur due to drivers, vehicles, infrastructure, and the environment. Of the three factors that cause it is necessary to know what attributes have a strong correlation as part of the factors that can cause the accident. This study aims to obtain and compare what factors cause traffic accidents on urban and rural roads. The data used in this study is not based on accident data but trip makers' perception data by conducting interviews. The target respondents are trip makers who have been involved in traffic accidents. The perception data is used to obtain the factors that cause other traffic accidents that are not recorded in conventional accident data. In this research, the causative factors are grouped into two conditions: factors causing accidents on urban roads and rural roads. Identification of these causes is by sorting out which attributes directly affect the likelihood of a traffic accident based on the perception of the trip makers. The analysis uses the Partial Least Square statistical approach to get the intended results. The results show that the dominant cause of accidents based on human factors on urban roads is fatigue, while on rural roads is due to high speed (aggressive). From the vehicle factors, a flat tire is a cause that may cause an accident. Brake failure is one of the causative factors for rural roads not found on urban roads. Side friction such as the buildup of material on the roadside, on-street parking, street vendors, and indiscriminate pedestrians have great potential to cause accidents on urban roads. Sharp curve conditions are the dominant cause on rural roads. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： Rural areas

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Technology adoption model for greening existing buildings: A conceptualization

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2643卷

作者： Nurnazerah Haji Julayhe Md Motiar Rahman Rajul Adli Asli Civil Engineering Program Area Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Brunei Tungku Highway Gadong BE1410 Brunei Darussalam

Greening existing building is a process or method to convert economically viable old or existing buildings, by replacing conventional high energy-consuming household electrical appliances/features, with modern, sustainable and, energy-efficient features, to substantially increase building energy profile, along with reduction of energy cost and carbon emissions. Despite the relevant diverse benefits, this greening process is not being widely adopted. Since this involves the adoption of sustainable and newer technologies, this paper provides a brief review of relevant technology adoption models, specifically where and how relevant models were used, their effectiveness of addressing certain issues, how to overcome or address technology-related issues, and various issue-specific constructs. This was carried out through a structured review of literature. It was observed that various models and theories were applied along with certain constructs, as well as two or three models/theories were merged, to suitably to address specific issues. Accordingly, a conceptual model has been presented, targeting the adoption of greening in existing buildings, by merging two different models and three psychological aspects, including the actual use of the said technology. It is expected that the proposed framework will allow the much-needed adoption of greening.

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Small Uncrewed Aircraft Systems-Based Orthophoto and Digital Elevation Model Creation and Accuracy Evaluation for Airfield Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Distress Detection and Rating

Small Uncrewed Aircraft Systems-Based Orthophoto and Digital...

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International Conference on Transportation and Development 2022, ICTD 2022

作者： All Sourav, Md. Abdullah Ceylan, Halil Kim, Sunghwan Brooks, Colin Peshkin, David Dobson, Richard Brynick, Matthew Dipilato, Mike Dept. of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Iowa State Univ. AmesIA United States Dept. of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering Program for Sustainable Pavement Engineering and Research Iowa State Univ. AmesIA United States Program for Sustainable Pavement Engineering and Research Institute for Transportation Iowa State Univ. AmesIA United States Transportation Practice Area Leader Michigan Tech Research Institute Ann ArborMI United States Applied Pavement Technology Inc. UrbanaIL United States Michigan Tech Research Institute Ann ArborMI United States Federal Aviation Administration Airport Pavement R&D Section William J. Hughes Technical Center NJ United States

ISBN: (数字)9780784484371

ISBN: (纸本)9780784484371

Early detection and repair of airfield pavement distresses are essential aspects of preserving airport pavements for the full spans of their design periods and maintaining their structural integrity, ride quality, and safety. In recent years, various studies have been conducted for pavement distress detection and mapping using alternate data collection methodologies, including small uncrewed aerial systems (sUAS). This study evaluates the usefulness of red-green-blue (RGB) orthophoto and digital elevation models (DEMs) generated from sUAS data in detecting various airfield Portland cement concrete (PCC) pavement distress. Fourteen airfield PCC pavement distresses with different severities were studied using RGB orthophotos with resolutions ranging from 0.8 mm/pixel to 21 mm/pixel and DEM resolutions ranging from 3.0 mm/pixel to 84 mm/pixel. The analysis showed that the RGB optical orthophotos and DEM were useful for detecting 13 out of 14 PCC pavement distresses and confirmation of the location of 11 out of 14 distresses, respectively. © ASCE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Portland cement

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Full-scale evaluation of reversed A^(2)/O process for removal of multiple pollutants in sewage

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2020年第10期31卷 2825-2830页

作者： Qihang Wu Haiyan Li Xiaodong Hu Yongfeng Shi Deguan Kong Yucheng Zhang Bixian Mai Dongye Zhao Jie Fu Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River DeltaMinistry of EducationGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China School of Civil Engineering Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China School of Civil and Architectural Engineering Guizhou University of Engineering ScienceBijie 551700China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China Environmental Engineering Program Department of Civil EngineeringAuburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849United States School of Environmental Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

This study evaluated the removal of multiple pollutants,i.e.,polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),novel halogenated flame retardants(HFRs),sulfonamide antibiotics(SAs),and heavy metals(HMs),by a fullscale reversed A^(2)/O process in a sewage treatment plant(STP)in Guangzhou,*** reversed A^(2)/O process demonstrated high removal efficiencies(REs)for total PBDEs(60.5%±4.3%),novel HFRs(98.4%±2.8%)and HMs(70.1%±1.2%),and a relatively low RE for SAs(25.0%±2.3%).BDE 209,the dominant PBDE congener,showed a high residual concentration(13.41±5.18 ng/L)in the suspended particulate matter(SPM)of treated *** me novel HFRs,dechlorane plus(DP)and decabromodiphe nyl ethane(DBDPE),were detected in the SPM of the raw sewage(7.50±4.14 ng/L and 11.52±11.65 ng/L,respectively).The removal ofSAs was mainly through biodegradation in the activated sludge bioreactors(ASBs).Ofthe HMs,Mn and Ni exhibited the lowest REs(47.5%±2.2%and 35.0%±2.6%,respectively),while Cr and Cu showed the highest removal(REs>80%).In terms of treatment units in the reversed A^(2)/O process,ASBs showed the highest RE(27.8%)for the multiple *** information can aid in our understanding of removal properties of STPs on various pollutants and evaluating the ecological/health risks of STPs as point pollutant sources.

关键词： Polybrominated diphenyl ethers Halogenated flame retardants Sulfonamide antibiotics Heavy metals Reversed A^2/O process

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Crack path estimation in the shot-earth 772 by a discrete element method

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Procedia Structural Integrity 2022年 41卷 260-265页

作者： Angélica Colpo Sabrina Vantadori Leandro Friedrich Andrea Zanichelli Camilla Ronchei Daniela Scorza Ignacio Iturrioz Program of Mechanical Pos-Graduation Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Sarmento Leite 425 90040-060 Porto Alegre Brazil Department of Engineering & Architecture University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A 43124 Parma Italy Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Pampa Av. Tiaraju 810 97546-550 Alegrete Brazil Department of Civil Engineering University of Calabria via Pietro Bucci 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS) Italy Department of Engineering University of Naples Parthenope Centro Direzionale Isola C4 80143 Napoli Italy

In the present paper, the fracture behaviour of the shot-earth 772, in terms of crack path, is numerically investigated. To such an aim, a version of the lattice discrete element method is used to numerically simulate fracture toughness testing performed, on the shot-earth 772, by employing the Modified Two-Parameter model. A comparison between the numerical crack path and the experimental ones is performed, highlighting as the lattice discrete element method is able to capture the kinked crack shape, typical of quasi-brittle materials.

关键词： Quasi-brittle materials Crack path estimation Discrete Element Method Modified Two Parameter Model

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The study of the operation of Trans Koetaradja public bus transportation of the corridor II A and II B in Banda Aceh city

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2020年第1期933卷

作者： F Fachrurrozy E Wulandari Y Darma Civil Engineering Postgraduate Program Department of Civil Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh Indonesia Lecturer Advisory Committee the Architectural Study Programs in the Field of Urban Area Development Engineering Faculty Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh Indonesia Lecturer Advisory Committee in the Field of Transportation the Civil Department Civil Engineering Faculty Universitas Syiah Kuala Indonesia

Aceh Government is trying to plan the integrated transportation system. Aceh Government has planned the construction of 6 Corridors of Trans Koetaradja Bus, some of them are Corridors II A and II B. The previous public transport cannot accommodate the transportation service needs of the route of Sultan Iskandar Muda Airport - city center - Ulee Lheue Crossing Port. However, currently, the Banda Aceh Trans Koetaradja Public Bus Transportation is projected to be able to improve the services optimally. The purpose of this study is to assess the level of performance and to improve the quality of the service up to the customers' satisfaction expectations. The method of this research comprises the survey, which is sampling Kouto and distributing questionnaires and data analysis. The questionnaire distribution uses statistic test method and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) through the SERVQUAL approach, namely: reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and physical evidence. The result of the study is that the current performance of the services of Trans Koetaradja public bus transportation is rated as good; the importance of the service regarding the customers' expectation is rated good; the quality of service provided to customers is rated 94.52%. The conclusion of this study is that there are several shortages of transportation performance, such as the timeliness of arrival, waiting time at bus stops, passenger assistance, and available seats.

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