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Bridging the gap between academia and industry in approaches for solving ill-structured problems: Problem formulation and protocol development 125

Bridging the gap between academia and industry in approaches...

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125th ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition

作者： Akinci-Ceylan, Secil Cetin, Kristen Sara Fleming, Renee Ahn, Benjamin Surovek, Andrea E. Cetin, Bora Taylor, Paige Applied Linguistics Program Iowa State University United States Iowa State University Department of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering United States Area of Biomimicry for Sustainable Construction South Dakota School of Mines and Technology United States Iowa State University Department of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering United States

One of the main skills of engineers is to be able to solve problems. It is generally recognized that real-world engineering problems are inherently ill-structured in that they are complex, defined by non-engineering constraints, are missing information, and contain conflicting information. Therefore, it is very important to prepare future engineering students to be able to anticipate the occurrence of such problems, and to be prepared to solve them. However, most courses are taught by academic professors and lecturers whose focus is on didactic teaching of fundamental principles and code-based design approaches leading to predetermined "right" answers. Most classroom-taught methods to solve well-structured problems and the methods needed to solve ill-structured problems are strikingly different. The focus of our current effort is to compare and contrast the problem solving approaches employed by students, academics and practicing professionals in an attempt to determine if students are developing the necessary skills to tackle ill-structured problems. To accomplish this, an ill-structured problem is developed, which will later be used to determine, based on analysis of oral and written responses of participants in semi-structured interviews, attributes of the gap between student, faculty, and professional approaches to ill-structured problem solving. Based on the results of this analysis, we will identify what pedagogical approaches may limit and help students' abilities to develop fully-formed solutions to ill-structured problems. This project is currently ongoing. This work-in-progress paper will present the study and proposed methods. Based on feedback obtained at the conference from the broader research community, the studies will be refined. The current phase includes three parts, (1) problem formulation;(2) protocol development;and (3) pilot study. For (1), two different ill-structured problems were developed in the civil engineering domain. The problem diffic

关键词： Ill-structured problem Problem-solving Verbal protocol analysis

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Effect of various commercial of Na2SiO3 on compressive strength of Fly ash-based alkaline activated mortar

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2020年第1期801卷

作者： Otman M. M. Elbasir M.J.A. Mijarsh Megat Azmi Megat Johari Mohamed O. M. Mashri Rahmi Karolina Zainal Arifin Ahmad High Institute of Science and Technology Civil Engineering Department Qaser bin Gashear (Libya). Civil Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Elmergib University Al-Khums (Libya). School of Civil Engineering Engineering Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia 14300 NibongTebal Penang (Malaysia). Doctoral Program of Civil Engineering Department Universitas Sumatera Utara (Indonesia). Structural Materials Niche Area School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia 14300 NibongTebal Penang (Malaysia).

This study aimed to assesses the effect of various commercial Na2SiO3 on the compressive strength (CS) of alkaline activated fly ash mortar (AAFM). The three mixture of alkaline activated mortar (AAM) C1, C2 and C3 were prepared from the source material of fly ash and alkaline activator solution (AAS). The initial AAS was comprised of NaOH (10M) and various grade of Na2SiO3. The various grades of Na2SiO3 were characterized by their SiO2/Na2O molar ratio of 2.0, 2.2, and 3.3, respectively. The sample from each mixture was characterized based on the CS and microstructure changes using useful tools of XRD and FTIR analysis. The results obtained indicated that the highest CS achieved among the three mixtures were 48.23MPa of mixture C2 prepared with SiO2/Na2O molar ratio of 2.2. This was mainly due to higher binder formation (N-A-S-H gel type) and a higher rate of reaction of the main source material. This result is in line with XRD and FTIR analysis results finding.

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Semi-enclosed coastal systems of South America: compilation and dynamic-based classification

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Continental Shelf Research 2025年 292卷

作者： Álvarez-Silva, Óscar Paniagua-Arroyave, Juan F. Cantero, Edgar Lessa, Guilherme C. Moreira, Diego Ross, Lauren Santoro, Pablo Schettini, Carlos A.F. Williams, Megan E. Valle-Levinson, Arnoldo Department of Physics and Geosciences Universidad del Norte Puerto Colombia 081007 Colombia Area of Natural Systems and Sustainability School of Applied Sciences and Engineering Universidad EAFIT Medellín Colombia INSTAAR University of Colorado Boulder United States Undergraduate Program in Geology Universidad del Norte Puerto Colombia Colombia Tropical Oceanography Group Federal University of Bahia Bahia Salvador Brazil Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos (DCAO). CONICET-UBA: Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera (CIMA). Instituto Franco-Argentino de Estudios sobre el Clima y sus Impactos (IFAECI) IRL 3351 – CNRS-CONICET-IRD-UBA Buenos Aires Argentina Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Maine Boardman Hall Orono 5711 ME United States Instituto de Mecánica de los Fluidos e Ingeniería Ambiental Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de la República Montevideo 11300 Uruguay Instituto de Oceanografia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Av. Itália km 8 RS Rio Grande Brazil Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Campus San Joaquín Av. Vicuña Mackenna Santiago 4860 Chile Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Casa Central Av. Bernardo O'Higgins 340 Santiago Chile Civil and Coastal Engineering Department ESSIE University of Florida Gainesville 32611 FL United States

Semi-enclosed coastal water systems (SECS) provide essential ecological and economic services. Their sustainable use requires a baseline understanding of the physical dynamics that control their water quality, morphology, and environmental stability. This paper aims to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on the physical processes in SECS in South America, a megadiverse region that encompasses five of the largest river systems in the world. To achieve this goal, we compiled data from satellite imagery, geological and hydrological maps, and peer-reviewed literature. The information derived from these sources allowed comparisons among systems according to the level of understanding of their local hydrodynamics. Moreover, a recent dynamic classification was employed to identify the main physical forcings of those SECS with sufficient data. 898 SECS were identified in the continent, including deltas, alluvial estuaries, and coastal lagoons. A review of over 500 peer-reviewed publications revealed that 74 systems exhibited enough data to render a dynamic classification possible. In addition, 18 SECS stood out by the advanced understanding of their physical processes. The analysis presented here synthesizes the current understanding and provides an outlook of future challenges. We emphasize the need for continued monitoring of these systems to inform management strategies and mitigate the impacts of environmental stressors. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

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A Science of Actionable Knowledge Research Agenda: Drawing from a Review of the Most Misguided to the Most Enlightened Claims in the Science-Policy Interface Literature

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Jagannathan, Kripa Emmanuel, Geniffer Arnott, James Mach, Katharine J. Bamzai-Dodson, Aparna Goodrich, Kristen Meyer, Ryan Neff, Mark Sjostrom, K. Dana Timm, Kristin M.F. Turnhout, Esther Wong-Parodi, Gabrielle Bednarek, Angela T. Meadow, Alison Dewulf, Art Kirchhoff, Christine J. Moss, Richard H. Nichols, Leah Oldach, Eliza Lemos, Maria Carmen Klenk, Nicole Earth and Environmental Sciences Area Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA United States Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences University of Toronto TorontoON Canada Aspen Global Change Institute BasaltCO United States Department of Environmental Science and Policy Rosenstiel School of Marine Atmospheric and Earth Science University of Miami MiamiFL United States Leonard and Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy University of Miami Coral GablesFL United States U.S. Geological Survey North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center Colorado United States Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve Imperial BeachCA United States Center for Community and Citizen Science University of California Davis DavisCA United States College of the Environment Western Washington University BellinghamWA United States Memphis-Shelby County Division of Planning and Development MemphisTN United States School of Urban Affairs and Public Policy University of Memphis MemphisTN United States International Arctic Research Center University of Alaska Fairbanks FairbanksAK United States University of Twente Enschede Netherlands Department of Earth System Science The Woods Institute for the Environment Stanford University StanfordCA United States The Pew Charitable Trusts WashingtonDC United States Office of Societal Impact University of Arizona TucsonAZ United States Public Administration and Policy Group Wageningen University and Research Hollandseweg 1 Wageningen6706 KN Netherlands Law Policy and Engineering Program and Civil and Environmental Engineering Penn State University PA United States Joint Global Change Research Institute Pacific Northwest National Laboratory SeattleWA United States Institute for a Sustainable Earth George Mason University FairfaxVA United States Center for Environmental Policy & Behavior University of California Davis DavisCA United States School for Environment and Sustainability Univ

Linking science with action affords a prime opportunity to leverage greater societal impact from research and increase the use of evidence in decision-making. Success in these areas depends, critically, upon processes of producing and mobilizing knowledge, as well as supporting and making decisions. For decades, scholars have idealized and described these social processes in different ways, resulting in numerous assumptions that now variously guide engagement at the interface of science and society. We systematically catalog these assumptions based on prior research on the science-policy interface and further distill them into a set of 26 claims. We then elicit expert perspectives (n=16) about these claims to assess the extent to which they are accurate or merit further examination. Out of this process, we construct a research agenda to motivate future scientific research on actionable knowledge, prioritizing areas that experts identified as critical gaps in understanding of the science-society interface. The resulting agenda focuses on how to define success, support intermediaries, build trust, and evaluate the importance of consensus and its alternatives – all in the diverse contexts of science-society-decision-making interactions. We further raise questions about the centrality of knowledge in these interactions, discussing how a governance lens might be generative of efforts to support more equitable processes and outcomes. We offer these suggestions with hopes of furthering the science of actionable knowledge as a transdisciplinary area of inquiry. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision making

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Applicability of zirconium loaded okara in the removal and recovery of phosphorus from municipal wastewater

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019年第1期266卷

作者： T A H Nguyen H H Ngo W S Guo T Q Pham T H Cao T H H Nguyen Master's Program in Environmental Engineering VNU Vietnam Japan University Luu Huu Phuoc My Dinh 1 residential area Nam Tu Liem Hanoi Vietnam Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Technology Sydney (UTS) 15 Broadway Ultimo NSW 2007 Australia Graduate University of Science and Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam Faculty of Geology VNU University of Science 334 Nguyen Trai Thanh Xuan Hanoi Vietnam

Recently, there is a new trend to consider wastewater as a precious resource. Since phosphorus is a limited non-renewable element, and MAP (Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate - MgNH4PO4.6H2O) is a valuable slow-release fertilizer, the recovery of phosphorous as MAP has received special attention from scientists all over the world. However, the application of this process with municipal wastewater is still a challenge, due to low concentration of phosphorus and high volume of municipal wastewater. This study investigates the potential of reclaiming MAP from municipal wastewater by combination of adsorption and crystallization. Soybean milk residue (okara) was loaded with Zirconium (Zr) to prepare the adsorbent (ZLO). Adsorption and desorption experiments were conducted in a semi-pilot scale ZLO packed colum system. Effects of P: N: Mg molar ratios, chemical sources and temperature on the formation of MAP were examined in an attempt to identify the optimal crystallization conditions. The attained precipitate was characterized using XRD, SEM, FTIR techniques. It was found that the ZLO packed column adsorption-desorption system could pre-concentrate phosphorus from municipal wastewater up to 28.36 times, fitting well the minimum requirement (50 mg P/L) for the economical MAP recovery. Up to 95.19% of dissolved phosphorus in desorption solution was recovered at pH = 9, Mg: N: P molar ratio = 2:2:1, using a combination of MgCl2.6H2O and NH4Cl. The harvested MAP exhibited high purity (92.59%), high P-availability (89% by mass), and extremely low levels of heavy metals. The results prove that it is viable to recover MAP from municipal wastewater by employing ZLO as adsorbent, followed by crystallization. This paves the way for mining phosphorus from municipal wastewater and reducing okara as an agricultural byproduct in a green way.

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Interactions between marine megafauna and plastic pollution in Southeast Asia

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Science of the Total Environment 2023年第1期874卷 162502页

作者： Omeyer, Lucy C.M. Duncan, Emily M. Abreo, Neil Angelo S. Acebes, Jo Marie V. AngSinco-Jimenez, Lea A. Anuar, Sabiqah T. Aragones, Lemnuel V. Araujo, Gonzalo Carrasco, Luis R. Chua, Marcus A.H. Cordova, Muhammad R. Dewanti, Lantun P. Espiritu, Emilyn Q. Garay, Jovanie B. Germanov, Elitza S. Getliff, Jade Horcajo-Berna, Eva Ibrahim, Yusof S. Jaafar, Zeehan Janairo, Jose Isagani B. Gyi, Thanda Ko Kreb, Danielle Lim, Cheng Ling Lyons, Youna Mustika, Putu L.K. Neo, Mei Lin Ng, Sirius Z.H. Pasaribu, Buntora Pariatamby, Agamuthu Peter, Cindy Porter, Lindsay Purba, Noir P. Santa Cruz, Ernesto T. Shams, Shahriar Thompson, Kirsten F. Torres, Daniel S. Westerlaken, Rodney Wongtawan, Tuempong Godley, Brendan J. Centre for Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter Penryn Campus Penryn CornwallTR10 9EZ United Kingdom Institute of Marine Sciences-Okeanos University of the Azores Rua Professor Doutor Frederico Machado 4 Horta9901-862 Portugal AI and Robotics Laboratory-Environmental Studies University of the Philippines Mindanao Philippines *** Bohol Jagna Philippines Zoology Division The National Museum of the Philippines Padre Burgos Avenue Manila Philippines Davao Oriental City of Mati Philippines Faculty of Science and Marine Environment Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Terengganu Kuala Nerus21030 Malaysia Marine Mammal Research & Conservation Laboratory Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology College of Science University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City Philippines Marine Research and Conservation Foundation Lydeard St Lawrence Somerset United Kingdom Environmental Science Program Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences College of Arts and Sciences Qatar University Doha Qatar Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore 14 Science Drive 4 117543 Singapore Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum National University of Singapore 2 Conservatory Drive Singapore117377 Singapore BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol Jalan Pasir Putih 1 Ancol Timur Jakarta14430 Indonesia Fishery Department Faculty of Fishery and Marine Science Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung40600 Indonesia Department of Environmental Science Ateneo de Manila University Loyola Heights Quezon City1108 Philippines San Isidro Extension Campus Davao Oriental San Isidro Philippines Marine Megafauna Foundation West Palm BeachFL United States Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems Harry Butler Institute Murdoch University PerthWA Australia Environmental and Conservation Sciences Murdoch University PerthWA Australia Roctopus ecoTrust Roctopus Dive Sairee Beach Koh Tao 84360 Thailand Juara Turtle Project Kg Juara Pahang Tioman Islan

Southeast (SE) Asia is a highly biodiverse region, yet it is also estimated to cumulatively contribute a third of the total global marine plastic pollution. This threat is known to have adverse impacts on marine megafauna, however, understanding of its impacts has recently been highlighted as a priority for research in the region. To address this knowledge gap, a structured literature review was conducted for species of cartilaginous fishes, marine mammals, marine reptiles, and seabirds present in SE Asia, collating cases on a global scale to allow for comparison, coupled with a regional expert elicitation to gather additional published and grey literature cases which would have been omitted during the structured literature review. Of the 380 marine megafauna species present in SE Asia, but also studied elsewhere, we found that 9.1 % and 4.5 % of all publications documenting plastic entanglement (n = 55) and ingestion (n = 291) were conducted in SE Asian countries. At the species level, published cases of entanglement from SE Asian countries were available for 10 % or less of species within each taxonomic group. Additionally, published ingestion cases were available primarily for marine mammals and were lacking entirely for seabirds in the region. The regional expert elicitation led to entanglement and ingestion cases from SE Asian countries being documented in 10 and 15 additional species respectively, highlighting the utility of a broader approach to data synthesis. While the scale of the plastic pollution in SE Asia is of particular concern for marine ecosystems, knowledge of its interactions and impacts on marine megafauna lags behind other areas of the world, even after the inclusion of a regional expert elicitation. Additional funding to help collate baseline data are critically needed to inform policy and solutions towards limiting the interactions of marine megafauna and plastic pollution in SE Asia. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： Ecosystems

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STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2021

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BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2022年第8期103卷 S1-S1页

作者： Blunden, Jessica NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Asheville NC United States NOAA NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Silver Spring MD United States Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter United Kingdom Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies North Carolina State University Asheville NC United States Communications and Outreach NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Asheville NC United States Innovative Consulting and Management Services LLC NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Asheville NC United States European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reading United Kingdom CMNS-Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center University of Maryland College Park MD United States Department of Meteorology National Centre for Earth Observation University of Reading Reading United Kingdom Department of Atmospheric and Planetary Science Hampton University Hampton VA United States National Research Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment (INRAE) CARRTEL Université Savoie Mont Blanc Thonon les Bains France Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Osaka Prefecture University Osaka Sakai Japan University of Bremen Bremen Germany NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory Boulder CO United States Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación Spanish National Research Council (CIDE CSIC-UV-Generalitat Valenciana) Climate Atmosphere and Ocean Laboratory (Climatoc-Lab) Moncada Valencia Spain Instituto de Geografía Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Valparaíso Chile Climatic Research Unit School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom Joint Research Centre of the European Commission Ispra Italy GloH2O Almere Netherlands University of Reading Reading United Kingdom School of Engineering Newcastle University Newcastle-upon-Tyne United Kingdom Université de Paris Cité Institut de physique du globe de Paris CNRS IGN Paris

Editors note: For easy download the posted pdf of the State of the Climate in 2021 is a low-resolution file. A high-resolution copy of the report is available by clickinghere. Please be patient as it may take a few mi... 详细信息

关键词： Greenhouse gases

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Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study (vol 2, pg 144, 2021)

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LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2021年第4期9卷 E408-E408页

作者： Steinmetz, Jaimie D. Vision and Eye Research Institute Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge United Kingdom Biomedical Informatics Seoul National University Hospital Seoul South Korea Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Institute of Health Services Research Yonsei University Seoul South Korea Department of Ophthalmology University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Mathematics Imperial College London London United Kingdom WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Primary Care and Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne Carlton VIC Australia School of Optometry and Vision Science UNSW Sydney NSW Australia Brien Holden Vision Institute Sydney Australia Department of Ophthalmology University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia Department of Parasitology and Mycology Jahrom University of Medical Sciences Jahrom Iran Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Ophthalmic Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Ophthalmology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Health Services Management Department Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran Department of Systems Populations and Leadership University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Department of Medicine Sofia Ismail Memorial Medical Centre Bogura Bangladesh The Fred Hollows Foundation Sydney NSW Australia Berhan Public Health & Eye Care Consultancy Addis A

Hospital El Salvador: a novel paradigm of intensive care in response to COVID-19 in central America. Lancet Glob Health 2021;9: e241?42?In this Comment, the conflict of interest statement should have included the following: ?By virtue of their roles within a public hospital or the Ministry of Health, MB, LC, WH, and XS are government employees. The findings and conclusions in the Comment are only those of the authors.? This correction has been made as of Feb 26, 2021.

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The road to Impeccable -: An uncommon approach to ship acquisition

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1999年第3期111卷 245-255页

作者： Shen, TWT Proctor, BL Saha, D Mr. Terry Shen:is the Assistant Project Manager for the Ocean Surveillance Ship (T-AGOS 23) Acquisition Project at Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). He is responsible for the program management of the large SWATH (Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull) ship construction in the Gulf region. Mr. Shen has over 14 years of experience in ship acquisitions and has co-authored several technical papers published by the Association of Scientists & Engineers the Society of Naval Architects & Marine Engineers and the American Society of Naval Engineers. He is a graduate of the University of Maryland with a BS in aerospace engineering and a BA in speech communication a 1986 graduate of the DSMC Program Management Course and a 1991 graduate of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute with an MBA in business administration. Mr. Barry Proctor:is NAVSEA's Ship Design Manager for the T-AGOS 23 program. He has held this position since March 1997. Prior to that time he was NAVSEA's Ship Design Manager for the T -AKR 300 class vessels. He has over 18 years of experience as a Naval Architect for NAVSEA (O3D). He has a BS in civil engineering from the University of Maryland and an MS in naval architecture and marine engineering from the University of Michigan. Mr. Deepak Saha:provides design support to NAVSEA's Program Office and Ship Design Manager on the T -AGOS 23 ship acquisition. His involvement with the program started at the time the first shipbuilder declared bankruptcy. He is Manager of the Commercial Ship Design Group at M. Rosenblatt & Son Inc. (MR&S) Arlington Branch. He has over 26 years of experience as a marine engineer and naval architect. He obtained a BS in marine engineering from Calcutta India in 1972 and a BSE in naval architecture from the University of Michigan in 1983. He also holds a Chief Engineer's License (Unlimited Horsepower Diesels).

The road to the acquisition of the USNS Impeccable (T-AGOS 23) has seen a few uncommon and challenging twists and turns, resulting in delays and disruption to the program. The saga began in 1993, when the original shipbuilder, facing financial difficulties, filed for Chapter XI bankruptcy protection. For two more years the program was stalled before the Navy was able to warrant the work that had been done up to that point. In 1995 the contract was reassigned to another shipbuilder to complete the vessel and obtain the necessary certificates to comply with all the applicable requirements of the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS). This unprecedented approach put the Navy in the unique situation of being responsible for two of the most controversial issues in a ship construction process, i.e., detail design and equipment warranties. This paper gives the status of the program, discusses how various technical issues and production demands are being addressed, and describes the future hurdles that need to be overcome before delivery of the vessel.

关键词： Naval vessels

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Reliability analysis of transverse stability of surface ships

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 129-140页

作者： Atua, K Ayyub, BM Khaled l. Atua:is a graduate student at the Reliability Engi-neering Program at the University of Maryland at College Park. He completed his B.S. degree in naval architecture and marine engineering in 1988 and completed his M.S. degree in naval architecture and marine engineering in 1992 at Alexandtia University. He is also a visiting scholar in the Civil Engineering Department at the University ofMaryland at Colkge Park. He is conducting research with Dc Bilal M. Ayyub in the area of develupment of reliability-based design of ship structures and systems. He is a member ofASNE and SNAME. He has authored or coauthored several papers and reports. Bilal M. Ayyub: Ph.D. RE. is aprofssor of civil engineer-ing at the University of Maryland at College Park. He is also a researcher and consultant in the areas of structural engineering inspection methods and practices reliability and risk analysis. Dc Ayyub completed his B.S. degree in civil engineering in 1980 and completed both his M.S. (1981) and Ph.D. (1983) degrees in civil engineering at the Georgia Institute of Echnol-OD. Dc Ayyub has an extensive background in uncertainty modeling and analysis risk-based analysis and design simula-ion and marine structural reliability. He is engaged in research work involving structural reliability marine structures uncer-tainty modeling and analysis and mathematical modeling using the theories of probability statistics and fuzzy sets. He has completed several research projects that were funded by the National Science Foundation the U S. Coast Guard the U.S. Navy the U.S. Department of Defense the U.S. Army crops of Engineers the Maryland State Highway Administration the American Society ofMechanica1 Engineers and several engi-neering companies. Dc Ayyub served the engineering communio in various capacities through societies that include ASNE ASCE ASME SNAME IEEE-CS and NMIPS. He is a member ofthe ASME Research Committee of Risk Ethnology and the ASME Committee on Human Factors. Currently he is the chai

An introduction to a rational development of transverse stability criteria for surface ships is presented in this paper. The development is based on a probabilistic analysis of the uncertainties associated with the design parameters involved in determining the transverse stability. Reliability methods are used for assessing and determining transverse stability of ships. These reliability methods address the uncertainties associated with the basic design variables that are involved in stability assessment and design. The sources of uncertainty in stability variables are presented, uncertainties associated with these basic random variables are summarized, different reliability assessment methods are described, a case study that shows the computation procedure using some of these methods is discussed for illustration purposes, and finally, conclusions and recommendations for further work in this area are presented.

关键词： Naval vessels

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