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Public opinion about solar radiation management: A cross-cultural study in 20 countries around the world

Climatic Change 2024年第4期177卷 65页

作者： Contzen, Nadja Perlaviciute, Goda Steg, Linda Reckels, Sophie Charlotte Alves, Susana Bidwell, David Böhm, Gisela Bonaiuto, Marino Chou, Li-Fang Corral-Verdugo, Victor Dessi, Federica Dietz, Thomas Doran, Rouven Eulálio, Maria do Carmo Fielding, Kelly Gómez-Román, Cristina Granskaya, Juliana V. Gurikova, Tatyana Hernández, Bernardo Kabakova, Maira P. Lee, Chieh-Yu Li, Fan Lima, Maria Luísa Liu, Lu Luís, Sílvia Muinos, Gabriel Ogunbode, Charles A. Ortiz, María Victoria Pidgeon, Nick Pitt, Maria Argüello Rahimi, Leila Revokatova, Anastasia Reyna, Cecilia Schuitema, Geertje Shwom, Rachael Yalcinkaya, Nur Soylu Spence, Elspeth Sütterlin, Bernadette Environmental Health Psychology Group Department of Environmental Social Sciences Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Überlandstrasse 133 Dübendorf8600 Switzerland Environmental Psychology Group Department of Psychology Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences University of Groningen Grote Kruisstraat 2/1 Groningen9712TS Netherlands Department of Psychology of Development and Socialisation Processes Sapienza University of Rome Via dei Marsi 78 Rome00185 Italy Department of Marine Affairs University of Rhode Island 1 Greenhouse Road KingstonRI02852 United States Department of Psychosocial Science University of Bergen Christiesgate 12 BergenN‑5015 Norway Department of Psychology Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences Lillehammer Norway CIRPA Interuniversity Centre for Research in Environmental Psychology Sapienza University of Rome Via dei Marsi 78 Rome00185 Italy Department of Psychology National Cheng Kung University No.1 University Road Tainan City701 Taiwan Environmental Psychology Group Department of Psychology Social Sciences Division University of Sonora Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N Hermosillo Sonora83000 Mexico Environmental Science and Policy Program and Sociology Michigan State University 509 East Circle Drive East LansingMI48864 United States Group of Studies and Research in Aging and Health Department of Psychology State University of Paraíba Rua Baraúnas 351 Campina Grande Paraíba Brazil School of Communication and Arts University of Queensland St Lucia Campus BrisbaneQLD4072 Australia CRETUS institute Department of Social Psychology Basic and Methodology Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Campus Vida Calle Xosé María Suárez Núñez s/n A Coruña Santiago de Compostela15782 Spain Department of Psychology St. Petersburg State University Universitetskaya emb. 7/9 St.Petersburg199034 Russia Center for Sociological and Internet Research St. Petersburg State University Universitets

Some argue that complementing climate change mitigation measures with solar radiation management (SRM) might prove a last resort to limit global warming to 1.5 °C. To make a socially responsible decision on whether to use SRM, it is important to consider also public opinion, across the globe and particularly in the Global South, which would face the greatest risks from both global warming and SRM. However, most research on public opinion about SRM stems from the Global North. We report findings from the first large-scale, cross-cultural study on the public opinion about SRM among the general public (N = 2,248) and students (N = 4,583) in 20 countries covering all inhabited continents, including five countries from the Global South and five ‘non-WEIRD’ (i.e. not Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich, and Democratic) countries from the Global North. As public awareness of SRM is usually low, we provided participants with information on SRM, including key arguments in favour of and against SRM that appear in the scientific debate. On average, acceptability of SRM was significantly higher in the Global South than in the ‘non-WEIRD’ Global North, while acceptability in the ‘WEIRD’ Global North was in between. However, we found substantial variation within these clusters, especially in the ‘non-WEIRD’ Global North, suggesting that countries do not form homogenous clusters and should thus be considered individually. Moreover, the average participants’ views, while generally neither strong nor polarised, differed from some expert views in important ways, including that participants perceived SRM as only slightly effective in limiting global warming. Still, our data suggests overall a conditional, reluctant acceptance. That is, while on average, people think SRM would have mostly negative consequences, they may still be willing to tolerate it as a potential last resort to fight global warming, particularly if they think SRM has only minor negative (or even positive) impact

关键词： Solar radiation

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The feasibility of BRT corridor VI shelters in Semarang City

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期1941卷

作者： Andi Purnomo Moch Fathoni Setiawan Architecture Study Program Civil Engineering Department Engineering Faculty Semarang State University Gedung E12 Kampus UNNES Sekaran Gunungpati Semarang 50229 Indonesia

Like other big cities in Indonesia, Semarang City as the capital of Central Java Province also has various city problems, one of them is the transportation problem. Transportation problems arise due to increased mobility of society that is not in balanced with the public transportation facilities and infrastructure availability. In order to create a better transportation system, the local government of Semarang City held Trans Semarang bus rapid transit (BRT) which began operating in 2010. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of BRT Trans Semarang corridor VI shelters. This research uses descriptive critique technique. The results are expected to be considered in determining the right policy in creating a better transportation system. Based on observations made, the majority of BRT Trans Semarang corridor VI uses non-permanent shelters and is less feasible to be a BRT shelter. Thus, the local government is expected to improve the feasibility of BRT Trans Semarang shelter so that the sense of security and comfort can be obtained by users of BRT. In addition, the local government is also expected to maintain the quality of services provided. These services include ticket service, the condition of buses, speed and waiting time, as well as the placement and condition of shelters.

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Sustainability Challenge of Micro Hydro Power Development in Indonesia

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2018年第1期147卷

作者： H Didik P N Bambang S Asep Y A Purwanto Study Program of Natural Resources and Environmental Management Bogor Agricultural University Indonesia Department of Mechanical and Biosystem Engineering Bogor Agricultural University Indonesia Department of Civil and Environmental Bogor Agricultural University Indonesia

Rural electrification using renewable energy is the best choice for many locations that far away from national grid. Many renewable energy project have been built for rural electrification such as micro hydro power plant (MHPP) and solar photovoltaic (SPV). Sustainability still the main challenge of off-grid renewable energy development for off-grid rural electrification in Indonesia. The objective of this paper is to review sustainability of micro hydro power development in Indonesia. The research method was done by field observation, interview with MHPP management, and reviewing some research about MHPP in Indonesia. Sustainability issues include various aspects that can be classified into 5 dimensions: technical, economic, socio-cultural, institutional, and environmental. In technical factors that lead to sustainability problem are: improper MHPP design and construction, improper operation and maintenance, availability of spare parts and expertise. In the economic dimension are generally related to: low electricity tariff and utilization of MHPP for productive use. In the social dimension are: the growth of consumer's load exceeding the capacity, reduced number of consumers, lack of external institutional support. In the institutional side, it is generally related to the ability of human resources in managing, operating and maintaining of MHPP. Environmental factors that lead the sustainability problems of MHPP are: scarcity of water discharge, conflict of water resources, land conversion over the watershed, and natural disasters.

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Hazard, Vulnerability and Capacity Mapping for Landslides Risk Analysis using Geographic Information System (GIS)

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2017年第1期209卷

作者： D A P Sari S Innaqa Safrilah Environmental Engineering Program Study Universitas Bakrie Jakarta Indonesia Disaster Management Program Study Indonesia Defence University IPSC Sentul Indonesia Civil Engineering Program Study Universitas Bakrie Jakarta Indonesia

This research analyzed the levels of disaster risk in the Citeureup sub-District, Bogor Regency, West Java, based on its potential hazard, vulnerability and capacity, using map to represent the results, then Miles and Huberman analytical techniques was used to analyze the qualitative interviews. The analysis conducted in this study is based on the concept of disaster risk by Wisner. The result shows that the Citeureup sub-District has medium-low risk of landslides. Of the 14 villages, three villages have a moderate risk level, namely Hambalang, Tajur, and Tangkil, or 49.58% of the total land area. Eleven villages have a low level of risk, namely Pasir Mukti, Sanja, Tarikolot, Gunung Sari, Puspasari, East Karang Asem, Citeureup, Leuwinutug, Sukahati, West Karang Asem West and Puspanegara, or 48.68% of the total land area, for high-risk areas only around 1.74%, which is part of Hambalang village. The analysis using Geographic Information System (GIS) prove that areas with a high risk potential does not necessarily have a high level of risk. The capacity of the community plays an important role to minimize the risk of a region. Disaster risk reduction strategy is done by creating a safe condition, which intensified the movement of disaster risk reduction.

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Numerical modeling approach taking into account the influence of delamination for performance capacity of reinforced concrete beam strengthened in bending by CFRP

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1818卷

作者： Wibowo Supardi 1Civil Engineering Study Program Engineering Faculty Sebelas Maret State University Surakarta Indonesia

Reinforced concrete members strengthened in bending by externally bonding of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) may present several failure modes: failure of material or failure of the interface between concrete-CFRP. Nevertheless, experience gained from testing confirms that in most cases delamination prevails over the other possible rupture modes. Delamination in CFRP strengthened sections is difficult to model because it involves multiple parameters such as FRP stiffness, adhesive material properties, presence of cracks in concrete, among others. A simplified numerical model to predict flexural capacity of reinforced concrete beam strengthened by CFRP at failure is presented in this paper. The experimental validation is presented as well. Based on the result of the proposed model, an equation for the prediction of ultimate flexural capacity to prevent CFRP debonding is proposed.

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Effect of air-flow on biodrying method of municipal solid waste in Indonesia

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1903卷

作者： Gabriel Andari Kristanto Ismi Hanany Environmental Engineering Study Program Civil Engineering Department University of Indonesia Kampus Baru UI Depok Depok 16424 Indonesia

The process of bio-drying could be an interesting solution for municipal solid waste management and energy demand in Indonesia. By using the heat from bio-degradation process consists in bio-drying, moisture content in a solid waste can be reduced. Solid wastes with a low moisture content, could be used as a fuel with a good energy content. In this study, 85% of garden wastes and 15% of food waste from Indonesia’s municipal solid waste were bio-dried in aerobic condition using 3 variations of air flow-rates, which were 8 L/***; 10 L/***; and 12 L/***. The experiment performs with three different reactors with known volume 75cm × 50cm × 40cm and using Styrofoam as an insulation. The process of bio-drying lasted 21 days. In the end, the experiment with 10 L/*** aeration, has the lowest moisture contents about 23% with high temperature and NHV about 3595.29 kcal/kg.

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Numerical study on the modification of long links in eccentrically braced frame

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1903卷

作者： Musbar Bambang Budiono Dyah Kusumastuti Herlien D. Setio 1Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Ganesa 10 40132 Bandung Indonesia 2Structural Engineering Research Group Study Program of Civil Engineering Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Ganesa 10 40132 Bandung Indonesia 3Structural Engineering Research Group Study Program of Civil Engineering Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Ganesa 10 40132 Bandung Indonesia 4Structural Engineering Research Group Study Program of Civil Engineering Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Ganesa 10 40132 Bandung Indonesia

In anticipating damages to buildings caused by earthquakes, many types of building constructions have been developed and studied. One of these is eccentrically braced frames that uses the link element as part of the structural element that serves to absorb seismic energy. When tested for its ductility, strength, rigidity and energy absorption, the long link performed more poorly compared to short ones. However, advantages of using long links includes space for architectural design and the ease of meeting building requirements. The focus of this study is to provide information on using supplemental double stiffeners on both sides of the web at the ends of long links. The behavior of long links is maintained by positioning the flange failures at the end of the link. The supplemental double stiffeners can improve performance of the long link due to the extension of the inelastic zone and the slowing of failure in the flange at both ends of the link. A numerical study was carried out on several specimens of the long link consisting of a standard specimen and specimens modified by the addition of supplemental double stiffeners. Long link specimens were modified by varying the thickness and hole width on the supplemental double stiffeners. The results showed that the addition of double stiffeners can improve the performance of long links compared to the standard link according to the requirements of AISC 341-10.

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Analysis of the effect of waste’s particle size variations on biodrying method

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1903卷

作者： Gabriel Andari Kristanto Masayu Nadiya Zikrina 1Environmental Engineering Study Program Civil Engineering Department University of Indonesia Kampus Baru UI Depok Depok 16424 Indonesia

The use of municipal solid waste as energy source can be a solution for Indonesia’s increasing energy demand. However, its high moisture content limits the use of solid waste as energy. Biodrying is a method of lowering wastes’ moisture content using biological process. This study investigated the effect of wastes’ particle size variations on biodrying method. The experiment was performed on 3 lab-scale reactors with the same specifications. Organic wastes with the composition of 50% vegetable wastes and 50% garden wastes were used as substrates. The feedstock was manually shredded into 3 size variations, which were 10 – 40 mm, 50 – 80 mm, and 100 – 300 mm. The experiment lasted for 21 days. After 21 days, it was shown that the waste with the size of 100 – 300 mm has the lowest moisture content, which is 50.99%, and the volatile solids content is still 74.3% TS. This may be caused by the higher free air space of the reactor with the bigger sized substrate.

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Assessment of anaerobic biodegradability of five different solid organic wastes

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1826卷

作者： Gabriel Andari Kristanto Huinny Asaloei 1Environmental Engineering Study Program Civil Engineering Department Universitas Indonesia Kampus Baru UI Depok Depok 16424 Indonesia

The concept of waste to energy emerges as an alternative solution to increasing waste generation and energy crisis. In the waste to energy concept, waste will be used to produce renewable energy through thermochemical, biochemical, and physiochemical processes. In an anaerobic digester, organic matter brake-down due to anaerobic bacteria produces methane gas as energy source. The organic waste break-down is affected by various characteristics of waste components, such as organic matter content (C, N, O, H, P), solid contents (TS and VS), nutrients ratio (C/N), and pH. This research aims to analyze biodegradability and potential methane production (CH4) from organic waste largely available in Indonesia. Five solid wastes comprised of fecal sludge, cow rumen, goat farm waste, traditional market waste, and tofu dregs were analyzed which showed tofu dregs as waste with the highest rate of biodegradability compared to others since the tofu dregs do not contain any inhibitor which is lignin, have 2.7%VS, 14 C/N ratios and 97.3% organic matter. The highest cumulative methane production known as Biochemical Methane Potential was achieved by tofu dregs with volume of 77 ml during 30-day experiment which then followed by cow rumen, goat farm waste, and traditional market waste. Subsequently, methane productions were calculated through percentage of COD reduction, which showed the efficiency of 99.1% that indicates complete conversion of the high organic matter into methane.

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E3 – A user’s interface for quantifying total cost, diesel consumption, and emissions from bulldozers and its comparison to field data

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1887卷

作者： Apif M. Hajji Michael P. Lewis Aisyah Larasati 1Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering State University of Malang Malang Indonesia 2School of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Oklahoma State University USA 3Industrial Engineering Study Program Universitas Negeri Malang Indonesia

The use of bulldozer in construction projects determines a vast number of diesel consumption, emissions and the portion of total cost of the project. Construction equipment operators need a method that can be utilized to predict and quantify not only the cost, but also the diesel consumption and emissions of construction projects, particularly for bulldozer’s activities. The main purpose of this paper is to propose an E3, the predicting tool for the economic, energy, and environmental impact of the use of bulldozer. The tool was developed by using the productivity rate model of bulldozer to the US EPA’s NONROAD model. The results show that the bulldozer’s productivity model can be used as the platform for predicting the total cost and diesel consumption that will be required and the total expected emissions for the project.

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