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4th Geomatics International Conference 2019, GeoICON 2019

作者： Hafid, A. Sari, D.N.I. Sobatnu, F. Study Program of DIII Geodesy Department of Civil Engineering Politeknik Negeri Banjarmasin Brigjen H. Hasan Basri St Banjarmasin Kayu Tangi70123 Indonesia

The horizontal network of control stations plays an important role in geometric measurement activities, such as determining positions of point, distance, area, or even volume. One of the methods of determining horizontal network values is the least squares method. The method of least squares is one of the most frequently used methods to obtain unique estimates for a set of redundant measurements. The equations that are used in the horizontal network surveys are the nonlinear equations so it must be linearized in order to be computed using least squares method. The problem that arises when linearizing the nonlinear observation equation is the approximate coordinates of the network stations are needed for its computations. In order to handle this problem, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is applied as an algorithm for determining the approximate coordinate values of the network stations. The algorithm of PSO is a heuristic function that optimizes a problem by iteratively trying to improve a candidate solution toward the best solutions. The advantages of PSO are that PSO is designed for solving a problem more quickly when classic methods are too slow and finding an approximate solution when classic methods fail to find any exact solution. This paper presents the design of an application for horizontal network adjustment using PSO algorithm, namely SAEnet. The Algorithm was written in Matlab which is very effective in matrix manipulation and has been widely used in various fields of numerical computations. The computation of horizontal network adjustment using SAEnet application consists of determination of initial approximation values using PSO and the adjustment computation using the least squares method. SAEnet is also equipped with save menu to Microsoft Excel format and load menu from Microsoft Excel format. The test shows that the input and output of the program can run as expected. The results are then compared to other program, like STAR∗NET, usin

关键词： Nonlinear equations

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Impact of mining on land use land cover change and water quality in the Asutifi North District of Ghana, West Africa

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Environmental Challenges 2022年 6卷

作者： Gbedzi, Divine Dodzi Ofosu, Eric Antwi Mortey, Eric Mensah Obiri-Yeboah, Abena Nyantakyi, Emmanuel Kwesi Siabi, Ebenezer Kwadwo Abdallah, Faisal Domfeh, Martin Kyereh Amankwah-Minkah, Anna Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Energy and Natural Resources Sunyani Ghana Earth Observation Research and Innovation Centre (EORIC) University of Energy and Natural Resources Sunyani Ghana Department of Civil Engineering Kumasi Technical University Kumasi 00233 Ghana Faculty of Science and Techniques Doctoral Research Program in Climate Change and Energy (DRP-CCE) of the West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL) Université Abdou Moumouni P.O. Box 10662 Niamey 8000 Niger

Surface and groundwater are important resources for human life and health. Land use changes and mining activities, however, have the potential to compromise the safety of these resources. This study aims to investigate the land cover conditions before and during mining activities and assess the impact on forests, surface, and groundwater resources in the Asutifi North District, Ghana. Landsat data of 30 m resolution was used to assess the land cover change from 2000 to 2020. A cross-sectional analysis of data between April to June 2004 to 2019 was used to assess water quality. The overall accuracy of the land cover classification ranged between (91.33–99.41)% and (78.01–85.95)% respectively for ground-truth validation and validation using the MODIS annual 500 m land cover dataset. Forest cover decreased by 11.47% while agriculture doubled from 12.13% to 24.06% between 2000 and 2020. The introduction of mining is responsible for major land cover changes including the conversion of forest to agricultural land through shifting cultivation. For a general assessment of water quality, the percentage of pH, TB, TDS, NH₃, Mg and SO₄ measurements outside the EPA admissible limits for drinking water is 16.67%, 83.33%, 0.69%, 0%, 10.42%, and 16.67% respectively. Turbidity is the most impacted water quality parameter affected by land cover changes while NH₃ is the least impacted parameter. The incidences of water quality outside EPA/WHO limits for drinking water at all monitoring points call for education and collective action to safeguard water sources from further deterioration. It is necessary mining companies adhere to environmental protection guidelines. © 2022

关键词： Groundwater Illegal mining Land use land cover change Surface water Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Analysis on Calculation of Vehicle Operating Cost (VOC) Before and After Flyover & Road Widening Operation at Gedangan Intersection in Sidoarjo Regency

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2020年第4期1569卷

作者： R Endro Wibisono Purwo Mahardi Program Study of Civil Engineering Engineering Faculty Universitas Negeri Surabaya.

The main road that connects the city of Sidoarjo to Surabaya is the intersection of Gedangan. By 2018 it has reached saturation by having a poor service level. More severe conditions will occur in the next 10-20 years. One of the government's efforts to overcome the problem of congestion, damage structure is the construction of flyover or other alternatives by widening the road. The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of the traffic and to save vehicle operating costs before and after the construction of a flyover at the Gedangan intersection. The method for predicting Vehicle Operating Costs (BOK) is to use PCI method. This study predicts Vehicle Operating Costs (BOK) to determine cost savings. The scenario for predicting BOK is that 80% of the vehicle volume will pass the Fly Over, and 20% still use the existing road. The results showed that the cost savings of Vehicle Operational Costs (BOK) of existing roads compared to the use of flyover in 2019 was IDR 15 Billion. In 2039 the savings are IDR 77 Billion. Another discussion is that if the road is only widened without flyover, then the BOK cost savings in 2019 will be IDR 4 Billion and in 2039 it will be IDR 27 Billion.

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Application of vetiver grass (Vetiveria Zizanioides L.) for organic matter removal from contaminated surface water

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Bioresource Technology Reports 2023年 22卷

作者： Nguyen, Minh Ky Hung, Nguyen Tri Quang Nguyen, Cong Manh Lin, Chitsan Nguyen, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Hoang-Lam Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung81157 Taiwan Department of Marine Environmental Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung81157 Taiwan Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources Nong Lam University Hamlet 6 Linh Trung Ward Thu Duc Dist. Ho Chi Minh City700000 Viet Nam Research Institute for Biotechnology and Environment Nong Lam University Hamlet 6 Linh Trung Ward Thu Duc Dist. Ho Chi Minh City700000 Viet Nam Department of Civil Engineering McGill University Montreal Canada

This study presents the vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) as a green solution for organic matter removal in contaminated surface water – a case study in Vietnam. The experiments were conducted with hydraulic loading rates (HLRs) of 500 mL/m2/min (T1), 1000 mL/m2/min (T2), and 1500 mL/m2/min (T3) using Vetiver grass (V) and Control (C). The findings indicated that Vetiver grass (Vetiveria Zizanioides L.) based-VFCWs model achieves a removal efficiency of 90 % for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and >80 % for chemical oxygen demand (COD). This could explain the significant contribution of aquatic plants to the VFCWs based on vertical flow characteristics. Analysis of variance showed that HLRs significantly influence the treatment efficiency of BOD5 and COD (P © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Irrigation

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Simulation of lighting system in the accommodation deck of a 750GT ro-ro ferry

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2022年第1期2543卷

作者： Faisal Mahmuddin Surya Haryanto Muhammad Uswah Pawara Apriansyah 1Marine Engineering Department Engineering Faculty Hasanuddin University Gowa Indonesia 2Naval Architecture Program Department of Sains Food Technology and Maritime Kalimantan Institute of Technology Balikpapan Indonesia 3Civil Engineering Department Engineering Faculty Universitas Sulawesi Barat Majene Indonesia

In order to improve the convenience when using a ro-ro ferry, the lighting system used in the ship needs to be designed as conveniently as possible, especially in the accommodation deck. Therefore, the present study simulated and analyzed the lighting system in the accommodation spaces of a 750GT ro-ro ferry. The accommodation space was divided into 3 spaces which are front, middle, and rear spaces. A lighting analysis software named AGI32 was used to compute the lighting performance of each space. The number of lights installed in each space was determined using the room estimator function which is one of the features of the software. From the computation, it was found that the illuminance obtained from the simulation had a lower average than the one defined in the initial design. Moreover, it was also found that the middle accommodation space had the highest illuminance as compared to the other accommodation spaces.

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The unit price of building changes to different design of seismic importance factors

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2021年第1期1087卷

作者： C A W S Mastura M Mubarak A Abdullah Master of Civil Engineering Study Program Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh Indonesia Department of Civil Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh Indonesia

The design of a building needs to accommodate the potential for earthquake risk. The function and utilization of buildings are closely related to the risks caused by earthquakes, especially for people using the building. In the design process, load changes due to utilization are accommodated through an index value called seismic importance factors (SIF). The application of the index will directly affect the structural dimensions of a building. Thus, the amount of building unit price (BUP) needed will also vary according to the function of the building. This research was conducted to analyze changes in BUP on some seismic importance factors in a building structure design. Changes in unit prices were explained by applying the price index approach in the form of the building unit price index (BUPI). This study was applied to a six-story building using reinforced concrete structures and following earthquake load conditions in four seismic zones in Aceh Province. The BUPI was analyzed based on comparing a building unit price (BUP) to the reference BUP that was set from the building designed with the lowest SIF index in the initial seismic zone. The analysis results show that the increase in the SIF indices will potentially increase the BUP to 6 % (IDR. 105,061.25) for SIF 1.00 to 1.25, while the increase in costs for SIF 1.25 to 1.50 was 4 % (IDR. 84,507.32). The BUPI values have clearly explained how the building unit price increases following the SIF indexes increase.

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Lumen and nuclei detection in histopathology of prostate cancer based on morphological feature extraction

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2554卷

作者： S. T. Yukiko Irliyani Riries Rulaningtyas S. Anny Rahaju I. Made Mas Dwiyana Prasetya Wibawa 1Biomedical Engineering Study Program Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Airlangga University Surabaya Indonesia 2Anatomical Pathology Department Medical Faculty Universitas Airlangga Dr. Soetomo Academic Hospital Universitas Airlangga Hospital Surabaya Indonesia

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. The results of a fast and precise classification can be a fundamental objective of reference. Histological assessment is valuable information for doctors. The most common assessment for histological assessment of prostate cancer is the Gleason Grading System. Gleason pattern detection was done by extracting morphological features in the form of Line Length, Area Fraction, and the comparison between Line Length and Area Fraction. All morphological features become the input of backpropagation. Based on the results of backpropagation testing, this method can classify Gleason pattern images with an accuracy of 91.67%. The threshold of segmentation in determining the lumen and nucleus did not have a specific range in its threshold due to the lack of uniform contrast in each image.

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Increasing the efficiency of photovoltaic streetlight through microalgal fuel cell Spirulina sp. series circuit prototypes

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2634卷

作者： Fami Israyusnita Nefertiti Riyan Putri Hasanah Indri Febriani Facchur Rozy Dwi Septian Indra Kurniawan Saputra 1Department of Biology Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Negeri Malang Malang Indonesia 2Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Negeri Malang Malang Indonesia 3Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Malang Malang Indonesia 4Biotechnology Study Program Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Negeri Malang Malang Indonesia

Climate change is one of the various problems faced by various countries. Many sectors that contribute to climate change, electricity, and heat production were identified as the main contributors to CO2 emissions worldwide. On the other hand, Spirulina sp. potential for becoming power generator because it has good photosynthetic efficiency as anolyte biophotovoltaic devices. This research aims to test the effectiveness of photovoltaic using Spirulina sp. and develop Spirulina sp. as streetlights. The prototype uses 21 pairs of Spirulina sp. microalgal fuel cells as generator, based on voltage measurements using 100 ml anolyte and 500 ml catholyte which produces voltage value 405 mV. Using 21 pairs of series circuits, the voltage value obtained is 17.6 V. This prototype is equipped with aeration system to support the life of Spirulina sp. and equipped with LDR sensor for automation refers to the presence/absence of sunlight. Based on the results, there are challenges in the form of prototype sizes that are not suitable for streetlights in general, so further studies are needed to implement and commercial photovoltaic streetlights based on Spirulina sp. microalgal fuel cells.

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Isolation and optimization of polyhydroxybutyrate from Chlorella vulgaris using NaClO and ultrasonication aided chemical pretreatment methods

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2021年第1期2344卷

作者： Ajeng Inas Setyorini Dianursanti Bioprocess Engineering Study Program Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Depok West Java 16424 Indonesia

The increasing use of food packaging makes plastic waste the biggest environmental issue. Since the use of conventional plastic comes from fossil polymers, so it is difficult to be decomposed by bacteria. The right solution is to replace it with bioplastics. This study uses Chlorella vulgaris as a producer of Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB). PHB has characteristics such as biodegradability, thermoplasticity, hydrophobicity, biocompatibility with cells and tissues, and physical properties similar to polypropylene, which can potentially apply in food, pharmaceutical, and medical packaging. PHB is obtained by isolating biomass from Chlorella vulgaris. This research studied PHB isolation using chemical and mechanical cell disruption methods, namely NaClO and sonication, with variations in solvent concentration. The simplest and most economical method of isolation of C. vulgaris is the general stages of cell disruption, PHB precipitation, and PHB purification. The quantifying PHB method is by calculating the yield of PHB, then identifying PHB by FTIR, and testing the quality of the best PHB compounds by GCMS. The parameters used in this study are yield, PHB physical results, and PHB test results. In the condition of 0.6% w/v sample concentration and 1.37% w/v solvent concentration using ultrasonication, the best PHB isolation yield was 37.2%. GCMS sample results showed the presence of n-hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid), 9-Octadecanoic acid (oleic acid), 2-Palmitoylglycerol, and Octadecanoic acid (stearic acid) as the main compounds that could potentially be bioplastic materials.

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Coupled Hydraulic and Mechanics Finite Element Modeling of CO2 Injection into a Layered Isotropic Media Using FEHM 2

Coupled Hydraulic and Mechanics Finite Element Modeling of C...

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2nd Southeast Asian Conference on Geophysics, SEACG 2018

作者： Haerusalam, Herdis Sahara, David P. Fatkhan Study Program of Geophysical Engineering Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Ganesha 10 Bandung40132 Indonesia Global Geophysics Research Group Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Insitut Teknologi Bandung Ganesha 19 Bandung40132 Indonesia Exploration and Engineering Seismology Research Group Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Ganesha 10 Bandung40132 Indonesia

CO2 injection into the hydrocarbon reservoir affects the subsurface mechanics and hydraulic condition. The injection has to be performed in a way that there will be no reservoir and/or top seal failure. In such case, a simulation of the injected fluid propagation needs to be performed to see its possible impact to the top seal and existing major faults. We use finite element method to perform this injection simulation. In this research, we use open source software Finite Element Heat and Mass Transfer Code (FEHM) to simulate CO2 injection processes into reservoir. Subsurface geological model was constructed in a dimension of 3000 m (easting) x 3000 m (northing) x 2000 m (vertical). Vertically, it consists of four layers which represent upper layer (400 m), top seal (200 m), reservoir (900 m), and basement (500m). The grid around the reservoir rocks is refined to give more detail results. The open hole injection is set at 850 - 890 m depth, 1500 m easting and 1500 m northing. The material is assumed to be isotropic. The initial pressure and temperature increase as a function of depth with a pressure gradient of 0.00981 MPa/m and a temperature gradient of 0.025 degrees C/m. A vertical fault is modelled at 600 m eastern to the injection well. Injection process is carried out with 6 kg/s of CO2 injection with simulation time for ten years to see its impact to the fault. A vertical fault is The modelling results show that the CO2 injection will not reactivate the fault at 10 years. © 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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