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2020 Advances in Science and engineering technology International Conferences, ASET 2020

作者： Al Wazeer, Adel Elgaali, Elgaali Civil Engineering Program Dubai Men's College Higher Colleges of Technology Dubai United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9781728146409

Dubai is one of the fastest growing cities in the world. Construction industry has been in quest to meet this growth. High performance concrete has been of a great interest to the construction industry. In this research different design mixes were tried to produce concrete of ultra-high performance (UHPC). Targeting to develop concrete of ultra-high performance (UHPC), six mixes (scenarios) were designed. One normal mix was designed as a baseline. The six scenarios were made by changing the mix ingredients (materials), additives, and curing time. Twenty one specimens (cubes, 3 cubes of each mix) were prepared and tested. In order to monitor the development of the compressive strength, the specimens were tested after 7, 14 and 28 days of curing. Curing was done in hot (35+/-2 °C) and normal (20+/-2 °C) water. Then, the characteristics of each scenario were compared to the baseline characteristics. Almost all the scenarios showed increase in the compressive strength. Changes in the ingredients, the temperature of the curing, and curing time resulted in increase in the strength of different magnitudes. Regarding the materials and additives, the increase in strength is of average magnitude of 43 MPa. Regarding the curing time, the increase in strength is of average magnitude of 17 MPa. Regarding the temperature of the water used for curing, the increase in strength is of average magnitude of 6 MPa. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Construction industry

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Prioritization of key indicators for the classification of successional stages in regenerating subtropical Atlantic forest, Southern Brazil: a proposal based on multivariate order statistics

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Environment Systems and Decisions 2023年第2期43卷 232-241页

作者： Bressane, Adriano Siminski, Alexandre Gomes, Isadora Gurjon Melo, Carrie Peres da Rosa, Graziele Coraline Scofano dos Santos Galvão, Amanda Louisi Silva, Mirela Beatriz de Castro Medeiros, Líliam César Negri, Rogério Galante Institute of Science and Technology (ICT) Environmental Engineering Department Campus at São José dos Campos City Rodovia Presidente Dutra Km 1378—Eugênio de Melo12247-004 CEP São José Dos Campos/SP Brazil Agricultural and Natural Ecosystems Graduate Program Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) Campus at Curitibanus City Rod. Ulysses Gaboardi km 3 CEP Curitibanos - SC 89520-000 Brazil Civil and Environmental Engineering Graduate Program São Paulo State University (UNESP) Campus at Bauru City Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo C. Coube 14-01—Vargem Limpa CEP Bauru—SP/SP 17033-360 Brazil

Statement of problem. Brazilian guidelines establish a set of parameters to classify forest regeneration stages, but there are no criteria or evidence for prioritizing key indicators. Purpose. This study performed a comparative analysis between phytosociological parameters to verify the hypothesis that there is a difference in their explanatory power of the forest regeneration stages. Consequently, it shows the need to prioritize key indicators for classifying forest regeneration stages. Material and methods. The analyzes were carried out using a database of the Floristic Forest Inventory of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, composed of 177 sampling units of subtropical Atlantic forest (Mixed Ombrophilous Forest) characterized according to 12 quantitative and qualitative phytosociological parameters. Several statistical tests were performed to analyze the explanatory ability of the phytosociological parameters. Such process includes tests for multivariate ordering, principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant analysis (FDA and QDA), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). Afterward, is provided a ranking regarding the analyzed indicators based on their usefulness to separate forest regeneration stages, measured in terms of classification accuracy according to the QUEST (Quick Unbiased Efficient Statistical) algorithm. The hypothesis was verified with two-way tests at a significance level (α) equal to 0.05, for a test power (1-β) of 0.8 and a minimum detectable effect of medium size (ρ = 0.3). Results. Statistical significance tests confirmed the research hypothesis. Regarding both the qualitative and quantitative variables, the ranking resulting from the discriminant analysis provided the best accuracy (85.3%). In decreasing priority order, was defined the following parameter order: basal area, number of individuals and species, Shannon diversity index, diameter at breast height, total height, stem height, leaf litter, canop

关键词： Ombrophilous forest Prioritization of indicators Succession stage

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Green blocks made of recycled waste phase II

Green blocks made of recycled waste phase II

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2020 Advances in Science and engineering technology International Conferences, ASET 2020

作者： Elgaali, Elgaali Al Wazeer, Adel Civil Engineering Program Dubai Men's College Higher Colleges of Technology Dubai United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9781728146409

In phase I, series of tests were carried out to determine to what extent feasible to make out of recycled construction waste, green and sustainable concrete blocks. The research concluded that the recycled fine aggregate (sand) affects the strength of the blocks drastically. At the end of phase I a recommendation was made to sieve and clean the recycled aggregate thoroughly to get rid of the high contents of the sand in the samples to be tested. The central objective of phase II trials is the testing of blocks made of recycled materials free of dust and sand contents. In order to test the extent of improvement in the strength and durability of the blocks, several mixes were designed. In this paper, 10 mixes of concrete and 100 specimens were prepared. In the mixes the fresh coarse and fine aggregate are replaced by 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the recycled aggregate. The rest of the materials (OPC and recycled water) remain the same. All the mixes of the recycled coarse aggregate and recycled water achieved a good enhancement on the strength and durability of the blocks. Recycled sand still was found to be a limiting factor in this industry. The results presented show that the blocks made of recycled coarse aggregate and recycled water are reliable and of good strength and durability. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Sand

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Pale Red Dot: A Large, Robust Architecture for Human Settlements on Mars

Pale Red Dot: A Large, Robust Architecture for Human Settlem...

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Accelerating Space Commerce, Exploration, and New Discovery Conference, ASCEND 2023

作者： Lordos, George Hoying, Madelyn McKinney, Lanie Webb, Alisa Lin, Yuying Martin, Estelle Beilstein, John Miller, Duncan Villegas, David Sepulveda, Francisco AlSadah, Yousif Iyer, Divya O’Neill, Cormac Patel, Palak Garcia, Ignacio Arzuaga Azzouz, H. Chan, Wing Lam Eyre, Ezra Gleason, Dane Romero, Elizabeth Arias, Liliana Orozco, Omar Gentgen, Chloe Latyshev, Kir Hoffman, Jeffrey de Weck, Olivier Ikinci, Meltem Lordos, Alexandros Aeronautics and Astronautics Massachusetts Institute of Technology 33-409 CambridgeMA02139 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology Program and MIT Aeronautics and Astronautics 33-409 CambridgeMA02139 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Aeronautics and Astronautics Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. 33-409 CambridgeMA02139 United States System Design and Management Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. E40-300 CambridgeMA02139 United States Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. 33-409 CambridgeMA02139 United States Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. CambridgeMA02139 United States Electrical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. CambridgeMA02139 United States Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. CambridgeMA02139 United States Computer Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. CambridgeMA02139 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. 37-219 CambridgeMA02139 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. 33-410 CambridgeMA02139 United States Behavioral Economics University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus Department of Psychology University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus

ISBN: (数字)9781624107054

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107054

We propose a ten-yearMars mission to establish Earth-independence and support efficient, safe, and sustainable science and exploration goals. The campaign begins with a series of precursor missions, starting with the Artemis program, followed by robotic missions to performsite surveys and selection, de-risk technologies, and to start stockpiling in-situ water and propellant. Robotic Cargo Starships would depart first in 2035 to deliver and deploy approximately 5,800 tons of habitats, nuclear microreactors, farmmodules, manufacturing and ISRU systems. In 2040, two Crew Starships carrying 36 persons would land onMars to establish two close-proximity villages. The lifecycle cost is estimated at $81 billion, with a peak annual cost of $6.6 billion. To meet RASC-AL competition requirements, intended to motivate the exploration of highly self-reliant architecture concepts, resupply from Earth was constrained to only 5 metric tons every two years and minimum surface endurance was set at 7 years. The risks to human life and to critical systems increase exponentially over a minimally-resupplied, 7-10 year mission toMars. Our approach focused on identifying capabilities to mitigate known and unknown risks. Using a high-fidelity crew time model, we found that large architectures, with their economies of scale and productivity gains from specialization, are essential to robustly support the necessary capabilities. The model also shows that small 7-year missions of 12 persons or less cannot provide value in terms of free surface traverse time for science and exploration. Given the necessity of a large, complex architecture, we then sought out efficiencies and synergies (value engineering) in order to make the mission feasible and affordable. In the process, we identified more benefits that are enabled only by large missions, including the creation of a true community on Mars with sufficient social complexity for humans to thrive, and the geopolitically compelling option to inclu

关键词： Value engineering

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Dem Simulation on the Damage of Sandstone with a Rough Fracture Under True-Triaxial Stress Conditions

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhang, Decheng Liu, Zhiwei Song, Yuqi Huang, Jicheng Wu, Bailin Ranjith, P.G. Perera, M.S.A. Kong, Lie Nie, Wen School of Civil and Transportation Engineering Hebei University of Technology Tianjin China Deep Earth Energy Laboratory Department of Civil Engineering Monash University VIC3800 Australia Jiangsu Leiwei Construction Engineering Co. Ltd. China Railway Shanghai Bureau Group Nanjing210003 China Energy Resources Research Program CSIRO Energy ClaytonVIC3168 Australia Department of Infrastructure Engineering University of Melbourne VIC3010 Australia James Watt School of Engineering University of Glasgow GlasgowG12 8QQ United Kingdom

A numerical study was conducted on the damage behaviors of sandstone specimens with an embedded rough fracture under triaxial stress conditions. The discrete element method was used to study the deformation and cracking characteristics, and the effects of triaxial stress state, fracture width and inclination angle on the mechanical properties were also investigated. The results are as follows: (1) The strength of fractured rock decreased with the increase of fracture width ratio and the yield stress under conventional triaxial stress is higher than those under true triaxial tests with the same mean confinement;(2) For fractured rock models with small width ratios (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6), the strength increases as the fracture angle turning towards the principal stress direction. The shear damaged bond ratio decreased with the increase of confining pressure when [[EQUATION]], while its ratio increased slightly with the fracture angle when[[EQUATION]];(3) For the large-width fractured rock model with a width ratio 1.0, the strength first decreased and then increased with the increasing inclination angle. At inclination angles of 0° and 30°, damage first occurred near fracture surface, then it propagated along the diagonal direction, and the ratios of bond damage caused by tension and shear failure were almost equal. While the shear damaged bond ratio was much higher than that by tension at inclination angles of 60° and 90°. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sandstone

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Measuring Consumer Willingness to Enroll in Battery Electric Vehicle Smart Charging programs

Measuring Consumer Willingness to Enroll in Battery Electric...

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IEEE Conference on Vehicle Power and Propulsion (VPPC)

作者： Pingfan Hu Brian Tarroja Matthew Dean Kate Forrest Eric Hittinger Alan Jenn John Paul Helveston Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering George Washington University Washington DC USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California Irvine Irvine CA USA Advanced Power and Energy Program University of California Irvine Irvine CA USA Department of Public Policy Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester NY USA Institute of Transportation Studies University of California Davis Davis CA USA

ISBN: (数字)9798331541606

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541613

As Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) gain popularity, managing their charging becomes crucial for grid stability. Smart charging programs can help utilities manage this demand and integrate more renewable energy by controlling when and how BEVs are charged. However, these programs require participation from BEV owners, who may be hesitant to freely provide such control. This study uses a discrete choice experiment (also called conjoint analysis) to measure BEV owners' willingness to participate in smart charging programs under various incentives and features. We examine two types of smart charging: Supplier-Managed Charging (SMC), which controls charging times, and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), allowing BEVs to return power to the grid. In an online survey conducted via Facebook and Instagram ads, we collected 858 valid responses, with 815 responses for SMC program choices and 414 for V2G program choices. We used mixed logit (MXL) models to quantify respondents' willingness to participate. The findings indicate a general reluctance to participate in both programs without some form of incentive, with respondents being most sensitive to recurring monetary incentives. For SMC, there is also concern about ensuring sufficient battery levels in the mornings. Simulations were conducted to predict enrollment rates based on different program features. Additional data will be collected to refine the models in the coming months.

关键词： Surveys Vehicle-to-grid Renewable energy sources Analytical models Power system stability Data models Stability analysis Batteries Web sites Smart charging

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Study of the effect of the bark on the compression strength of galam wood (Melaleuca Cajaputi)

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期2927卷

作者： Muhammad Noor Asnan V. Vebrian Faculty of Science and Technology Civil Engineering Study Program Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur Indonesia

Melaleuca Cajaputi (Kayu Galam) is a type of tree that grows very fertile in swampy areas. This wood is commonly used in natural conditions (barked) in construction work. Meanwhile, other woods are generally used in a processed condition (without bark). For this reason, this paper compared galam wood with bark and without bark. This research was conducted by testing the physical characteristics and compressive strength in the laboratory. The compressive strength samples consisted of natural conditions (irregular round shape) with variations in length of 10 cm, 15 cm and 30 cm. Furthermore, each variation is made into a barked and peeled bark. All samples amounted to 126 units. The results of specific gravity and water content were not significantly different between barked and without bark. The water absorption in the shelled galam was 49.25% greater than that without the bark. Furthermore, the effect of the galam bark layer reduces the average strength by 24.92% and undergoes compression and shear failure. The failure of the test object with a ratio of length to diameter greater than 5 is indicated to have a buckling effect.

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Low-Cost Indoor Sensor Deployment for Predicting PM2.5 Exposure

ACS ES&T air

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ACS ES&T air 2024年第8期1卷 767-779页

作者： Shahar Tsameret Daniel Furuta Provat Saha Nohhyeon Kwak Aliaksei Hauryliuk Xiang Li Albert A Presto Jiayu Li Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering University of Miami Coral Gables Florida 33146 United States. Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 United States. Department of Civil Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh. Air Monitoring & Source Testing Program Allegheny County Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15219 United States. South Coast Air Quality Management District Diamond Bar California 91765 United States.

Indoor air quality is critical to human health, as individuals spend an average of 90% of their time indoors. However, indoor particulate matter (PM) sensor networks are not deployed as often as outdoor sensor networks. In this study, indoor PM exposure is investigated via 2 low-cost sensor networks in Pittsburgh. The concentrations reported by the networks were fed into a Monte Carlo simulation to predict daily PM exposure for 4 demographics (indoor workers, outdoor workers, schoolchildren, and retirees). Additionally, this study compares the effects of 4 different correction factors on reported concentrations from the PurpleAir sensors, including both empirical and physics-based corrections. The results of the Monte Carlo simulation show that mean PM exposure varied by 1.5 μg/m or less when indoor and outdoor concentrations were similar. When indoor PM concentrations were lower than outdoor, increasing the time spent outdoors on the simulation increased exposure by up to 3 μg/m. These differences in exposure highlight the importance of carefully selecting sites for sensor deployment and show the value of having a robust low-cost sensor network with both indoor and outdoor sensor placement.

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Effect of recirculation ratio on the performance of modified septic tank in treating office building wastewater 6

Effect of recirculation ratio on the performance of modified...

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6th Environmental technology and Management Conference, ETMC 2019

作者： Va, Vandith Setiyawan, Ahmad Soleh Soewondo, Prayatni Putri, Dyah Wulandari Study Program of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institute of Technology Bandung St. Ganesha 10 Bandung40132 Indonesia

Higher concentration of nutrients has been characterized from office buildings compared to domestic wastewater. A Modified Septic Tank (MST), which consists of anoxic conditions followed by a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) is proposed to treat office wastewater. This research investigated the effect of Recirculation Ratio (RR) on organic and nutrient removal in MST. The synthetic wastewater with COD: TN: TP (252:85:3), which is similar to actual office wastewater was used. The experimental data were obtained from three RR values (2, 3 and 4). The results showed COD, TN, NH4, and TP removal ranged from 88% to 90%, 64% to 78%, 68% to 86%, and 56% to 64%, respectively. The effluent concentrations of COD and NH4 ranged from 21 to 30 and 9 to 23 mg/L after applying RR and from 19 to 24 and 27 to 29 mg/L without RR, respectively. RR had the significant effect on organic and nutritional removal (p 4 in the effluent needs to be considered. © 2020 The Authors, published by EDP Sciences.

关键词： Wastewater treatment

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technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors

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ACS NANO 2023年第6期17卷 5211-5295页

作者： Luo, Yifei Abidian, Mohammad Reza Ahn, Jong-Hyun Akinwande, Deji Andrews, Anne M. Antonietti, Markus Bao, Zhenan Berggren, Magnus Berkey, Christopher A. Bettinger, Christopher John Chen, Jun Chen, Peng Cheng, Wenlong Cheng, Xu Choi, Seon-Jin Chortos, Alex Dagdeviren, Canan Dauskardt, Reinhold H. Di, Chong-an Dickey, Michael D. Duan, Xiangfeng Facchetti, Antonio Fan, Zhiyong Fang, Yin Feng, Jianyou Feng, Xue Gao, Huajian Gao, Wei Gong, Xiwen Guo, Chuan Fei Guo, Xiaojun Hartel, Martin C. He, Zihan Ho, John S. Hu, Youfan Huang, Qiyao Huang, Yu Huo, Fengwei Hussain, Muhammad M. Javey, Ali Jeong, Unyong Jiang, Chen Jiang, Xingyu Kang, Jiheong Karnaushenko, Daniil Khademhosseini, Ali Kim, Dae-Hyeong Kim, Il-Doo Kireev, Dmitry Kong, Lingxuan Lee, Chengkuo Lee, Nae-Eung Lee, Pooi See Lee, Tae-Woo Li, Fengyu Li, Jinxing Liang, Cuiyuan Lim, Chwee Teck Lin, Yuanjing Lipomi, Darren J. Liu, Jia Liu, Kai Liu, Nan Liu, Ren Liu, Yuxin Liu, Yuxuan Liu, Zhiyuan Liu, Zhuangjian Loh, Xian Jun Lu, Nanshu Lv, Zhisheng Magdassi, Shlomo Malliaras, George G. Matsuhisa, Naoji Nathan, Arokia Niu, Simiao Pan, Jieming Pang, Changhyun Pei, Qibing Peng, Huisheng Qi, Dianpeng Ren, Huaying Rogers, John A. Rowe, Aaron Schmidt, Oliver G. Sekitani, Tsuyoshi Seo, Dae-Gyo Shen, Guozhen Sheng, Xing Shi, Qiongfeng Someya, Takao Song, Yanlin Stavrinidou, Eleni Su, Meng Sun, Xuemei Takei, Kuniharu Tao, Xiao-Ming Tee, Benjamin C. K. Thean, Aaron Voon-Yew Trung, Tran Quang Wan, Changjin Wang, Huiliang Wang, Joseph Wang, Ming Wang, Sihong Wang, Ting Wang, Zhong Lin Weiss, Paul S. Wen, Hanqi Xu, Sheng Xu, Tailin Yan, Hongping Yan, Xuzhou Yang, Hui Yang, Le Yang, Shuaijian Yin, Lan Yu, Cunjiang Yu, Guihua Yu, Jing Yu, Shu-Hong Yu, Xinge Zamburg, Evgeny Zhang, Haixia Zhang, Xiangyu Zhang, Xiaosheng Zhang, Xueji Zhang, Yihui Zhang, Yu Zhao, Siyuan Zhao, Xuanhe Zheng, Yuanjin Zheng, Yu-Qing Zheng, Zijian Zhou, Tao Zhu, Bowen Zhu, Ming Zhu, Rong Zhu, Yangzhi Zhu, Yong Zou, Guijin Chen, Xiaodong 08-03 Innovis Singapore 138634 Republic of Singapore Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX) School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Houston Houston Texas 77024 United States School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 United States Microelectronics Research Center The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78758 United States Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California NanoSystems Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 United States Colloid Chemistry Department Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14476 Potsdam Germany Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford California 94305 United States Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Campus Norrköping Linköping University 83 Linköping Sweden Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability (WISE) and Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC) SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Stanford California 94301 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 United States Department of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 United States School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457 Singapore Nanobionics Group Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Monash University Clayton Australia 3800 Monash

Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze continued...challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative

关键词： soft materials mechanics engineering flexible electronics conformable sensors bioelectronics human-machine interfaces body area sensor networks technology translation sustainable electronics

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