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Ecological Burden of e-Waste in Bangladesh-an Assessment to Measure the Exposure to e-Waste and Associated Health Outcomes: Protocol for a Cross-sectional Study

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JMIR Research Protocols 2022年第8期11卷 e38201页

作者： Parvez, Sarker Masud Hasan, Shaikh Sharif Knibbs, Luke D. Jahan, Farjana Rahman, Mahbubur Raqib, Rubhana Islam, Nafisa Aich, Nirupam Moniruzzaman, Mohammad Islam, Zahir Fujimura, Masatake Sly, Peter D. Children's Health and Environment Program Child Health Research Centre The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia Environmental Interventions Unit Infectious Diseases Division International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research Bangladesh Dhaka Bangladesh School of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney Australia Public Health Unit Sydney Local Health District Camperdown Sydney Australia Department of Chemical Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Civil Structural and Environmental Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences University at Buffalo The State University of New York Buffalo NY United States Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Basic Medical Sciences National Institute for Minamata Disease Kumamoto Minamata Japan

Background: e-Waste is a rapidly growing waste stream worldwide, and Bangladesh is a hub of e-waste handling. Informal e-waste recycling operations involve crude methods for dismantling, repairing, sorting, and recycling electronic goods with bare hands and without personal health protections. Direct inhalation or dermal exposure to toxicants during informal recycling is common. Evidence suggests that e-waste-derived toxicants pollute the terrestrial ecosystem and have been linked with adverse health effects. However, e-waste recycling-related occupational health hazards have not been adequately explored in the context of Bangladesh. Objective: Our study aims to expand the current understanding of exposure to e-waste. This study will measure the metal concentrations in biological and environmental samples and evaluate the relationship between heavy metals and the biochemical systems of the e-waste workers. Methods: The study uses a cross-sectional study design consisting of an exposed site and a nonexposed control site. The trained team collected information on individual exposures, detailed work and medical history, and biological samples (blood, urine, and hair) from each subject. This study will measure heavy metal levels (lead, cadmium, and mercury) and biochemical parameters (hematological, hormonal, renal, and others) from the biological samples with reported physical function as outcomes of interest. In addition, we also collected soil and dust samples from both exposed and nonexposed control sites to measure the health risk. All the environmental samples will be analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer to determine metal concentrations. We will also conduct a qualitative investigation for a deeper understanding of the e-waste management system in Bangladesh. Results: The protocol has been approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, and The University of Queensland's Hu

关键词： Bangladesh cadmium e-waste environment exposure health outcomes lead mercury recycling toxicants

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Fabrication of New Thermoelectric Block Floor for Power generator 5

Fabrication of New Thermoelectric Block Floor for Power gene...

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5th Southeast Asia Conference on Thermoelectrics, SACT 2018

作者： Inthachaia, S. Prapaporn, W. Singsoog, K. Seetawan, T. Program Mechanical and Industrial Faculty of Industrial Technology Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University Sakon Nakhon47000 Thailand Thermoelectric Research Laboratory Center of Excellence on Alternative Energy Research and Development Institute Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat Sakon Nakhon47000 Thailand Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Rajamangala University of Technology Esan Khonkaen Campus Khon Kaen41000 Thailand Program of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University Sakon Nakhon47000 Thailand

This was the study and designing of the thermoelectric block floor for power generator that are normally used for footpaths, traffic islands, and gardening together with solar radiation heat. Physically, this thermoelectric block is an octagonal block with a size of 19.8 × 19.8 × 6 cm. The block was composed of two layers. The upper layer received the solar radiation and produced the thermoelectric module heat by synthesizing thermoelectric materials and creating 4 thermoelectric modules from Bi2Te3 for one composition set where an aluminum sheet was used for cooling. Additionally, the lower layer was exposed to the ground with low temperature to produce the usable electric power. The efficiency of this electric power was tested with the solar radiation heat of the thermoelectric block floor and by the Thai Industrial Standards (TIS) 827-2531: Interlocking Concrete Paving Blocks. After installing the thermoelectric block floor at the Faculty of Industrial technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, it was found that the block was usable as defined by TIS 827-2531: Interlocking Concrete Paving Blocks;meanwhile, the test on the electric power of the thermoelectric block floor indicated that the maximum electric potential difference was 73.91 mV where the temperature difference was 6.2 K measured from the surface of the block. In addition, the maximum electric power was 88.25 mV where the solar radiation was 1124.5 W m-2. Notably, this electric power of the thermoelectric block floor was directly variable following the solar radiation value. However, if used for power generator or as an alternative energy for engineering activities, the thermoelectric block should be properly designed and developed to produce higher level of electric power and more of them should be created for both series circuit and parallel circuit. © 2019 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Floors

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Elemental Characterization of Ambient Particulate Matter for a Globally Distributed Monitoring Network: Methodology and Implications

ACS ES&T air

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ACS ES&T air 2024年第4期1卷 283-293页

作者： Xuan Liu Jay R Turner Christopher R Oxford Jacob McNeill Brenna Walsh Emmie Le Roy Crystal L Weagle Emily Stone Haihui Zhu Wenyu Liu Zilin Wei Nicole P Hyslop Jason Giacomo Ann M Dillner Abdus Salam Al-Amin Hossen Zubayer Islam Ihab Abboud Clement Akoshile Omar Amador-Muñoz Nguyen Xuan Anh Araya Asfaw Rajasekhar Balasubramanian Rachel Ying-Wen Chang Craig Coburn Sagnik Dey David J Diner Jinlu Dong Tareq Farrah Paterne Gahungu Rebecca M Garland Michel Grutter de la Mora Sina Hasheminassab Juanette John Jhoon Kim Jong Sung Kim Kristy Langerman Pei-Chen Lee Puji Lestari Yang Liu Tesfaye Mamo Mathieu Martins Olga L Mayol-Bracero Mogesh Naidoo Sang Seo Park Yoav Schechner Robyn Schofield Sachchida N Tripathi Eli Windwer Ming-Tsang Wu Qiang Zhang Michael Brauer Yinon Rudich Randall V Martin Department of Energy Environmental & Chemical Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri 63130 United States. Air Quality Research Center University of California Davis Davis California 95616 United States. Department of Chemistry University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh. Air Quality Research Division Environment and Climate Change Canada Toronto Ontario M3H 5T4 Canada. Department of Physics University of Ilorin Ilorin 240003 Nigeria. Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City 04510 Mexico. Institute of Geophysics Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi 11307 Vietnam. Institute of Geophysics and Space Science Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa 1176 Ethiopia. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117576 Singapore. Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada. Department of Geography and Environment University of Lethbridge Lethbridge Alberta T1K 3M4 Canada. Centre for Atmospheric Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi 110016 India. Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91109 United States. School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China. Research Laboratories Khalifa University Abu Dhabi 127788 United Arab Emirates. Institute of Applied Statistics University of Burundi Bujumbura BP1550 Burundi. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria 0001 South Africa. Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North-West University Potchefstroom 2531 South Africa. Department of Geography Geo-Informatics and Meteorology University of Pretoria Pretoria 0002 South Africa. Department of Atmospheric Sciences Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea. Department of Community Health and Epidemiology Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3

Global ground-level measurements of elements in ambient particulate matter (PM) can provide valuable information to understand the distribution of dust and trace elements, assess health impacts, and investigate emission sources. We use X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to characterize the elemental composition of PM samples collected from 27 globally distributed sites in the Surface PARTiculate mAtter Network (SPARTAN) over 2019-2023. Consistent protocols are applied to collect all samples and analyze them at one central laboratory, which facilitates comparison across different sites. Multiple quality assurance measures are performed, including applying reference materials that resemble typical PM samples, acceptance testing, and routine quality control. Method detection limits and uncertainties are estimated. Concentrations of dust and trace element oxides (TEO) are determined from the elemental dataset. In addition to sites in arid regions, a moderately high mean dust concentration (6 μg/m) in PM is also found in Dhaka (Bangladesh) along with a high average TEO level (6 μg/m). High carcinogenic risk (>1 cancer case per 100000 adults) from airborne arsenic is observed in Dhaka (Bangladesh), Kanpur (India), and Hanoi (Vietnam). Industries of informal lead-acid battery and e-waste recycling as well as coal-fired brick kilns likely contribute to the elevated trace element concentrations found in Dhaka.

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Review on fate, transport, toxicity and health risk of nanoparticles in natural ecosystems: Emerging challenges in the modern age and solutions toward a sustainable environment

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The Science of the total environment 2024年 912卷 169331页

作者： Thien-Khanh Tran Minh-Ky Nguyen Chitsan Lin Tuan-Dung Hoang Thanh-Cong Nguyen Aasif Mohmad Lone Akhil Pradiprao Khedulkar Mohamed S Gaballah Jagpreet Singh W Jin Chung D Duc Nguyen Advanced Applied Sciences Research Group Dong Nai Technology University Bien Hoa City 76100 Viet Nam Faculty of Technology Dong Nai Technology University Bien Hoa City 76100 Viet Nam. Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources Nong Lam University Hamlet 6 Linh Trung Ward Thu Duc City Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Viet Nam Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung 81157 Taiwan. Electronic address: nmky@hcmuaf.edu.vn. Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung 81157 Taiwan Department of Marine Environmental Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung 81157 Taiwan. School of Chemistry and Life Science Hanoi University of Science and Technology No. 1 Dai Co Viet Hai Ba Trung Hanoi 100000 Viet Nam Vietnam National University Hanoi VNU Town Hoa Lac Thach That District Hanoi 155500 Viet Nam. Department of Civil Engineering Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal 576104 Karnataka India. Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan. CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Department of Environmental Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China School of Engineering and Technology Central Michigan University Mt. Pleasant MI 48859 USA. Department of Chemistry University Centre for Research and Development Chandigarh University Gharuan Mohali 140413 India. Department of Civil & Energy System Engineering Kyonggi University Suwon 16227 South Korea. Department of Civil & Energy System Engineering Kyonggi University Suwon 16227 South Korea Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development Nguyen Tat Thanh University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Viet Nam. Electronic address: nguyensyduc@gmail.com.

In today's era, nanoparticles (NPs) have become an integral part of human life, finding extensive applications in various fields of science, pharmacy, medicine, industry, electronics, and communication. The increasing popularity of NP usage worldwide is a testament to their tremendous potential. However, the widespread deployment of NPs unavoidably leads to their release into the environmental matrices, resulting in persistence in ecosystems and bioaccumulation in organisms. Understanding the environmental behavior of NPs poses a significant challenge due to their nanoscale size. Given the current environmental releases of NPs, known negative consequences, and the limited knowledge available for risk management, comprehending the toxicity of NPs in ecosystems is both awaiting and crucial. The present review aims to unravel the potential environmental influences of nano-scaled materials, and provides in-depth inferences of the current knowledge and understanding in this field. The review comprehensively summarizes the sources, fate, transport, toxicity, health risks, and remediation solutions associated with NP pollution in aquatic and soil ecosystems. Furthermore, it addresses the knowledge gaps and outlines further investigation priorities for the sustainable control of NP pollution in these environments. By gaining a holistic understanding of these aspects, we can work toward ensuring the responsible and sustainable use of NPs in today's fast-growing world.

关键词： Bioavailability Fate and transport Nanosized particles Nanotoxicology Silver nanoparticles Toxicity

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Towards the Development of Tailored Steel Rebars for Carbonated-Cured Cement Matrices

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Felipe, Rafaela F. Rezende, Mariana de Almeida Motta Corradini, Patricia Gon Santiago, Matheus Ambrósio H. Sales, Almir da Ferreira, Fernanda Silva G. Huet, Bruno Nogueira, Ricardo P. Koga, Guilherme Yuuki Federal University of São Carlos Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering Rod. Washington Luis km 235 SP São CarlosCEP 13565-905 Brazil Federal University of São Carlos Department of Materials Science and Engineering Rod. Washington Luis km 235 SP São CarlosCEP 13565-905 Brazil Faculty of exact sciences and technology Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo Marquês de Paranaguá 111 SP São Paulo01303-050 Brazil Department of Chemistry Federal University of São Carlos Mailbox 676 SP São CarlosCEP 13565-905 Brazil Laboratório de Análises Químicas e Agroambientais Fluminense Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology Campus Itaperuna BR 356 km 3 RJ Itaperuna CEP 28300-000 Brazil Department of Civil Engineering Federal University of São Carlos Mailbox 676 SP São CarlosCEP 13565-905 Brazil Holcim Innovation Center 95 Rue du Montmurier Saint-Quentin-Fallavier38070 France Chemical Engineering Department Khalifa University of Science and Technology Abu Dhabi127788 United Arab Emirates Federal University of Sao Carlos Rodovia Washington Luiz km 235 SP-310 São Paulo São Carlos13565-905 Brazil

The passivation ability of steels with low chromium contents (4% and 6%) in a solution representative of carbonated-cured concrete matrices was compared to conventional carbon steel rebars. Samples were investigated through multiple electrochemical methods, and the passive film was evaluated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results showed that carbon steel rebars are vulnerable to corroding in carbonated-cured pore solutions, while the low chromium showed spontaneous, rapid and effective passivation. The study demonstrated the possibility of producing tailored low chromium steels as a durable alternative to carbon steel while being more affordable than stainless steel, contributing to more sustainable, innovative reinforced concretes. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Steel corrosion

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Towards equitable and sustainable indoor air quality guidelines - A perspective on mandating indoor air quality for public buildings

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Indoor environments 2025年第1期2卷

作者： Ulla Haverinen-Shaughnessy Marzenna R Dudzinska Samy Clinchard Sani Dimitroulopoulou Xiaojun Fan Piet Jacobs Henna Maula Amelia Staszowska Oluyemi Toyinbo Ju-Hyeong Park Civil Engineering Research Unit Faculty of Technology The University of Oulu Finland. Indoor Air Program The Russell School of Chemical Engineering The University of Tulsa Oklahoma USA. Faculty of Environmental Engineering Lublin University of Technology Poland. Air Quality & Public Health Group Environmental Hazards and Emergencies Department RCCE UK Health Security Agency UK. Chair of Architecture and Building Systems Institute of Technology in Architecture ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland. Department of Building & Energy Systems TNO Delft the Netherlands. Built Environment Research Group Turku University of Applied Sciences Turku Finland. Respiratory Health Division CDC/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health USA.

A recent article published in Science urges mandatory indoor air quality (IAQ) standards in public spaces, focusing on protecting public health, especially against diseases such as COVID-19, but also IAQ in general (). Given the significance of this topic to our society, this short communication aims to provide commentary on the article and further discuss the importance of establishing IAQ standards. Citing a lack of legislated standards globally, the authors () propose numerical limits for four IAQ parameters: particulate matter (PM), carbon dioxide (CO), carbon monoxide (CO), and ventilation rate (VR). While recognizing that most of the countries do not have any mandatory IAQ standards, it is also noteworthy that IAQ regulations or guidelines exist in more than 40 countries. We like to emphasize that successful IAQ management requires recognizing, sharing, and reviewing openly available, existing regulations and guidelines, while adapting them to regional characteristics.

关键词： Database Indoor air pollutants Regulations Standards Ventilation

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Visible light-driven selective redirection of phenolic carbon in heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction

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Water Research 2025年

作者： Youn-Jun Lee Prakash Govindaraj Yoo Jae Jeong Runfa Tan In Sun Cho Seong-Jik Park Hern Kim Chang-Gu Lee Pedro J.J. Alvarez Department of Energy Systems Research Ajou University Suwon 16499 Republic of Korea Department of Energy Science and Technology Environmental Waste Recycle Institute Myongji University Yongin Gyeonggi-do 17058 Republic of Korea Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder Boulder 80303 USA Department of Materials Science & Engineering Ajou University Suwon 16499 Republic of Korea Department of Bioresources & Rural System Engineering Hankyong National University Anseong South Korea Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering Ajou University Suwon 16499 Republic of Korea Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Rice WaTER Institute Rice University Houston TX 77005 USA

Oxidative polymerization of phenolic pollutants by the heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction is a sustainable strategy for wastewater decontamination and recovery of carbonaceous resources. However, controlling the reaction pathway to selectively polymerize the phenolic pollutants is challenging. Herein, we used visible light to shift the reaction pathway from phenolic pollutants degradation (which often results in incomplete mineralization) to polymerization over a g–C₃N₄ catalyst deposited on a Cu₂O nanowire. In peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation, visible light illumination facilitates electron transfer from Cu₂O to g–C₃N₄, shifting the dominant reactive species on the Cu₂O surface from radical species to catalyst–PMS* complex. Experimental results and theoretical calculations verified the increased adsorption of PMS and the reduced energy barrier for phenol (PhOH) polymerization under visible light illumination. Compared to dark control conditions, visible light-assisted Fenton-like process resulted in a 9-fold faster PhOH oxidation (0.029 min⁻¹), significantly higher PMS utilization efficiency for total organic carbon removal, and enhanced robustness in real water matrices. This study provides fundamental insights into the regulation of reaction pathway over light-responsive semiconductor catalysts and highlights the potential for efficient treatment of phenolic water pollutants via oxidative polymerization.

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Teaching the concept of adaptive thermal comfort in building design education

Teaching the concept of adaptive thermal comfort in building...

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16th Conference of the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate: Creative and Smart Solutions for Better Built Environments, Indoor Air 2020

作者： Teli, Despoina Hellwig, Runa T. Schweiker, Marcel Choi, Joon-Ho Lee, M.C. Jeffrey Mora, Rodrigo Rawal, Rajan Wang, Zhaojun Al-Atrash, Farah Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Chalmers University Sweden Department of Architecture Design and Media Technology Aalborg University Denmark Institute for Occupational Social and Environmental Medicine RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Building Science School of Architecture University of Southern California United States Department of Interior Design National Taichung University of Science and Technology Taiwan Building Science Graduate Program British Columbia Institute of Technology Canada Centre for Advanced Research in Building Science and Energy CEPT University India School of Architecture Harbin Institute of Technology China School of Architecture and Built Environment German Jordanian University Jordan

ISBN: (纸本)9781713823605

Traditional building design education in the disciplines of building services, civil engineering, mechanical engineering, etc. focusses on quantifiable factors, i.e. factors which can be subject of calculation, simulation and dimensioning. Since non-quantifiable factors are not part of calculation or simulation models, there is a tendency that they are not adequately considered in education and, as a result, in building planning and operation. In the case of human thermal comfort, building professionals are required to understand the mechanisms and impact of non-quantifiable factors related to human thermal comfort and health, most of which are part of the adaptive thermal comfort concept. This paper identifies the challenges in teaching the concept of adaptive thermal comfort through a collection of lived experiences of the authors. The paper then proposes appropriate intended learning outcomes and teaching methods to equip students with the background knowledge, understanding and skills required to consider human adaptation in their designs. © 2020 16th Conference of the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate: Creative and Smart Solutions for Better Built Environments, Indoor Air 2020. All rights reserved.

关键词： Students

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Analysis of travel behaviors during floods in Ubon Ratchathani city, Thailand

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2021年第1期832卷

作者： N Tsumita S Jaensirisak H Kikuchi A Fukuda Program of Transportation Systems Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Nihon University 2748501 Japan Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Ubon Ratchathani University 34190 Thailand Department of Transportation Systems Engineering College of Science and Technology Nihon University 2748501 Japan

Cities in Southeast Asia frequently face urban floods, and transportation is often disrupted due to road closures. To reduce road transport vulnerability, the road network should be properly adapted for the flooding condition. To generate suitable adaptation measures for road transportation, travel behaviors under flooding condition, and their differences under normal conditions should be clarified. We aimed to understand the changes in travel behaviors caused by urban floods to compare with normal and flooding conditions in Ubon Ratchathani City, Thailand. A questionnaire survey was applied to understand the travel behaviors under both conditions, and its comparison revealed that under flooding, people prefer early departure time, and reduce the trip frequency depending on trip purpose. Moreover, we compared the route choice behaviors under both conditions using geographic information system (GIS) from collected data. Comparison with travel behaviors under both conditions, we clarified the change in travel behaviors under flooding and that differed from the affected extent depending on trip purpose.

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Effect of variations of concentration of texturized soy protein substitution on meat taste in plant-based frozen food products

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2025年第1期3186卷

作者： Kennis Rozana Nur’aini Kartikasari Ahvina Dwi Okta Firana Alimatul Aziizah Dediek Tri Kurniawan Nonny Aji Sunaryo Harsalim Aimunandar Jayaputra Department Biology Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Negeri Malang Jl. Semarang 5 Malang 65145 Indonesia Department Management Faculty of Economics Universitas Negeri Malang Jl. Semarang 5 Malang 65145 Indonesia Department Industrial Technology Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Malang Jl. Semarang 5 Malang 65145 Indonesia Study Program Civil Engineering Politeknik Negeri Malang Jl. Soekarno Hatta 9 Malang 65145 Indonesia

Innovation in the food sector is the most promising innovation, especially since the need for food will be directly proportional to population growth which continues to increase throughout the year. Among the many types of food, frozen food products have a much greater demand than other types of food. Frozen food products are claimed to be more practical for various activities. The development of nonanimal-based frozen food needs to be developed to be an option for vegetarians and groups of people who want to maintain health. This study was conducted to determine the optimal concentration of texturized soy protein as a substitute for meat in non-animal frozen food products while considering the delicious taste that everyone likes. Variations in the concentration of texturized soy protein used were 3%, 5%, and 7%, respectively, of the total amount of all ingredients. Based on the results of research conducted, it is known that a 5% concentration of texturized soy protein produces frozen food products with a similar taste, color, texture, and aroma as animal-based frozen food products in general.

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