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The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: code red for a healthy future

The Lancet 2021年第10311期398卷 1619-1662页

作者： Romanello, Marina McGushin, Alice Di Napoli, Claudia Drummond, Paul Hughes, Nick Jamart, Louis Kennard, Harry Lampard, Pete Solano Rodriguez, Baltazar Arnell, Nigel Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja Belesova, Kristine Cai, Wenjia Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid Capstick, Stuart Chambers, Jonathan Chu, Lingzhi Ciampi, Luisa Dalin, Carole Dasandi, Niheer Dasgupta, Shouro Davies, Michael Dominguez-Salas, Paula Dubrow, Robert Ebi, Kristie L Eckelman, Matthew Ekins, Paul Escobar, Luis E Georgeson, Lucien Grace, Delia Graham, Hilary Gunther, Samuel H Hartinger, Stella He, Kehan Heaviside, Clare Hess, Jeremy Hsu, Shih-Che Jankin, Slava Jimenez, Marcia P Kelman, Ilan Kiesewetter, Gregor Kinney, Patrick L Kjellstrom, Tord Kniveton, Dominic Lee, Jason K W Lemke, Bruno Liu, Yang Liu, Zhao Lott, Melissa Lowe, Rachel Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime Maslin, Mark McAllister, Lucy McMichael, Celia Mi, Zhifu Milner, James Minor, Kelton Mohajeri, Nahid Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar Morrissey, Karyn Munzert, Simon Murray, Kris A Neville, Tara Nilsson, Maria Obradovich, Nick Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo Oreszczyn, Tadj Otto, Matthias Owfi, Fereidoon Pearman, Olivia Pencheon, David Rabbaniha, Mahnaz Robinson, Elizabeth Rocklöv, Joacim Salas, Renee N Semenza, Jan C Sherman, Jodi Shi, Liuhua Springmann, Marco Tabatabaei, Meisam Taylor, Jonathon Trinanes, Joaquin Shumake-Guillemot, Joy Vu, Bryan Wagner, Fabian Wilkinson, Paul Winning, Matthew Yglesias, Marisol Zhang, Shihui Gong, Peng Montgomery, Hugh Costello, Anthony Hamilton, Ian Institute for Global Health University College London London UK United Kingdom Institute for Sustainable Resources University College London London UK United Kingdom UCL Energy Institute University College London London UK United Kingdom Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering University College London London UK United Kingdom Department of Geography University College London London UK United Kingdom The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction University College London London UK United Kingdom Centre for Human Health and Performance University College London London UK United Kingdom School of Agriculture Policy and Development University of Reading Reading United Kingdom Department of Meteorology University of Reading Reading United Kingdom The Walker Institute University of Reading Reading United Kingdom Department of Health Sciences University of York York United Kingdom Institute for Environment and Human Security United Nations University Bonn Germany Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK United Kingdom Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK United Kingdom Department of Public Health Environments and Society London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK United Kingdom Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Environment Climate Change and Health World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland Institute for Environmental Sciences World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland Centre for Climate Change and Social Transformations School of Psychology Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom Yale Center on Climate Change and Health Yale University New Haven CT United States School of Government University of Birmingham Birmingham United Kingdom Economic analysis of Climate Impacts and Policy Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatic

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Integrated approach for mapping debris-covered glaciers using optical, thermal and topographic information - A case study on bara shigri glacier, western himalaya, India 38

Integrated approach for mapping debris-covered glaciers usin...

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38th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing - Space Applications: Touching Human Lives, ACRS 2017

作者： Ghosh, Swagata Ramsankaran, Raaj Amity University Sector 125 Noida UP201303 India Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai Maharashtra400076 India Inter-disciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai Maharashtra400076 India

Supraglacial debris strongly influences the rate of ablation of a glacier and thereby effecting the health and the contribution of the glaciers towards surface runoff. Moreover, debris cover over the ablation zone of the glaciers hampers automated and semi-automated mapping of glacier boundaries in different parts of the Himalayan region. Therefore, the present study proposes an integrated approach for delineation of glacier boundaries and supraglacial cover mapping of debris-covered glaciers using Landsat-8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) and TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor) image and Digital elevation model (DEM). The proposed approach has been tested for delineation of the boundary of Bara Shigri Glacier, an extensively debris-covered glacier of Himachal Pradesh. Results obtained using the proposed approach correspond well with manually demarcated glacier boundary using a high resolution Linear Imaging Self Scanner (LISS)-IV image. Moreover, the proposed integrated knowledge based classification (KNC) technique is observed to be faster than the manual delineation in delineating the debris covered glacier boundary. © 2017 Asian Association on Remote Sensing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Landsat

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Reduction performances of organic sludges from an industrial region of Taiwan by using ultrasonic wave and biotreatment technology

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019年第5期227卷

作者： Yung-Pin Tsai Chen-Chiang Chou Wei-Ting Chen Shing-Der Chen Department of Civil Engineering National Chi Nan University Nantou Hsien 545 Taiwan Doctoral Program Department of Civil Engineering National Chi Nan University Nantou Hsien 545 Taiwan Department of Cosmetic Application & Management St. Mary's Junior College of Medicine Nursing and Management Yilan 266 Taiwan Div. of Water Technology Research Material and Chemical Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Hsinchu 300 Taiwan

Economic growth arises fast in Taiwan because of the rapid development of industry, and many problems of environmental pollutions occur consequently. Wastewater and polluted water are the major pollutants occurred in the environment. As the result, plenty of researches related to wastewater reduction and treatment are developed to resolve the problem of wastewater production. The problem of wastewater production has been reduced after wastewater treatment tests have been used. However, the production of sludge increases accompanying with the volume of wastewater treatment, which causes numerous costs generated for dealing with sludge treatment. In general, successful technics involved in industrial sludge reduction are divided into five methods, including physical, chemical, biological, sludge hydrolysis, and a combination of the above methods. This study developed a method for sludge reduction by using ultrasonic technic with low consumed energy, combined with biotreatment (active sludge process) to conduct tests of organic sludge reduction in one industrial area of Taiwan. There is no use of chemicals on tests of organic sludge reduction, which resulted in no second pollutants generated by the application of ultrasonic technic, and organic sludges can be reduced. The results of the pilot and laboratory tests showed above 40% of sludge reduction, and this method was available to apply on the real filed operation.

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Nontrivial coupling of light into a defect: The interplay of nonlinearity and topology

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Xia, Shiqi Jukić, Dario Wang, Nan Smirnova, Daria Smirnov, Lev Tang, Liqin Song, Daohong Szameit, Alexander Leykam, Daniel Xu, Jingjun Chen, Zhigang Buljan, Hrvoje The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics TEDA Applied Physics Institute School of Physics Nankai University Tianjin300457 China Faculty of Civil Engineering University of Zagreb A. Kačića Miošića 26 Zagreb10000 Croatia Nonlinear Physics Centre Research School of Physics Australian National University CanberraACT2601 Australia Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of Science Nizhny Novgorod603950 Russia Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi University Taiyuan Shanxi030006 China Institut für Physik Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Strasse 23 Rostock18059 Germany Daejeon34126 Korea Republic of Basic Science Program Korea University of Science and Technology Daejeon34113 Korea Republic of Department of Physics and Astronomy San Francisco State University San FranciscoCA94132 United States Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Zagreb Bijenička c. 32 Zagreb10000 Croatia

The flourishing of topological photonics in the last decade was achieved mainly due to developments in linear topological photonic structures. However, when nonlinearity is introduced, many intriguing questions arise. For example, are there universal fingerprints of underlying topology when modes are coupled by nonlinearity, and what can happen to topological invariants during nonlinear propagation? To explore these questions, here we experimentally demonstrate nonlinearity-induced coupling to topologically protected edge states using a photonic platform, and theoretically develop a general framework for interpreting the mode-coupling dynamics in nonlinear topological systems. Performed in laser-written photonic Su-Schrieffer-Heeger lattices, our experiments reveal nonlinear coupling of light into a nontrivial edge or interface defect channel otherwise not permissible due to topological protection. Our theory explains well all the observations. Furthermore, we introduce the concepts of inherited and emergent nonlinear topological phenomena, and a protocol capable of unveiling the interplay of nonlinearity and topology. These concepts are applicable for other nonlinear topological systems, either in higher dimensions or beyond our photonic platform. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Topology

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IMPACTS OF CONSTRUCTION RISKS ON COSTS IN LEED-CERTIFIED PROJECTS

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Journal of Green Building 2016年第4期11卷 163-181页

作者： Asli Pelin Gurgun David Arditi Pablo Casals Vilar Department of Civil Engineering Yildiz Technical UniversityDavutpasa Campus34220IstanbulTurkey. Construction Engineering and Management Program Illinois Institute of TechnologyDepartment of CivilArchitectural and Environmental EngineeringAlumni Memorial HallRoom 229ChicagoIL 60616USA. Construction Engineering and Management Program Illinois Institute of TechnologyDepartment of CivilArchitectural and Environmental Engineering IL60616USA

Construction according to green principles rather than traditional methods poses a new set of risks to project *** risks should be appropriately identified and managed in order to prevent cost *** study aims to identify construction risks and their cost impacts in LEED-certified *** this purpose,thirteen risks were identified based on a literature survey and were categorized under four groups of issues:(i)consultant,contractor and subcon-tractor,(ii)material,product and process,(iii)legal,regulatory and contractual,and(iv)financial and economic.A survey was then administered to green build-ing design and construction practitioners in the *** assess the likelihood of occurrence of these risks and their respective impacts on project *** to the survey results,the risks associated with consultant,contractor and subcon-tractor issues have the highest expected impact on *** top five risk factors were determined as(1)contractors and subcontractors agreeing to standards that are not within their expertise and competence,(2)high cost of certification,(3)lack of expertise in new products/technologies,(4)doubts about the long-term viability and performance of new and untested products,materials and tech-nologies,and(5)inadequate definition of project parties’contractual roles and *** the cost impact of risks is of great value to owners and designers and *** the risks associated with LEED-certified projects and their cost impacts can be of benefit to all practitioners.

关键词： green construction LEED certification risk cost green risk management

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Evaluating Inundation in Urban Drainage Systems in Tamalanrea District Makassar Based Ecodrainase

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2018年第1期135卷

作者： Rizky Alfidhdha Nieke Karnaningroem Sanitation Environmental Master Program Engineering Department Faculty of Civil and Planning Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology Indonesia Sanitation Environmental Engineering Department Faculty of Civil and Planning Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology Indonesia

Makassar City is one of the major cities in Indonesia with a population of approximately 1.7 million inhabitants, which continues to grow and followed the development of urban infrastructure facilities. The development also resulted in adverse effects on the environment, especially for water catchment area turns into a watertight region resulting changes in surface runoff were greater, especially in the rainy season because the drainage coefficient values are increasing as well. The purpose of this study was to analyze the capacity of the capacity of drainage channels in terms of technical aspects, analyze and formulate efforts to address flooding in a drainage channel system environmentally friendly in terms of environmental aspects, and Calculating the cost and benefit the development of the handling of flooding with a drainage channel system environmentally friendly in terms of financial aspects. The results obtained from the analysis of the technical aspects there are 14 of 41 channel capacity is insufficient accommodation capacity, resulting in the analysis of environmental aspects require 867 infiltration wells, and 3.19 rate of Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR).

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Determining the relationship between chemical composition and size, shape and effective density of airborne fine particles through concurrent use of inertial and optical based measurements

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Particuology 2016年第5期14卷 93-101页

作者： Anand Kumar Tarun Gupta Environmental Engineering and Management Program Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208016 India Institute of Atmospheric and Climate Science Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich Zurich 8092 Switzerland Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208016 India

This study presents the development of a medium flow, multiple slit based PM2.5 （particle aerodynamic diameter 〈2.5 μm） inertial impactor. Its performance was compared with that of a light scattering based optical particle sizer in a field study and in controlled lab based experiments using polydisperse dolomite powder as test aerosol. The impactor＇s optimum nozzle configuration had a cutoff size of 2.51 μm （aero- dynamic diameter） at an operating flow rate of 215 L/rain with a pressure drop of 0.35 kPa across the impactor stage. Because the apparent particle density of an ambient aerosol depends on the physical properties and the chemical composition of the particles, the PM2.5 mass concentration was measured with an optical particle sizer and an inertial impactor over a weekday and a weekend day in a field study during which the effective particle shape factor and density were in tandem modified in order to com- pare the results from the two sampling techniques. The correlation of the two instrument results tended towards 1：1 with increasing values of shape factor （irregular shaped） and effective particle density. This observation was supported through chemical investigations of the collected mass, which showed a higher percentage contribution from elements which are mostly of crustal nature （namely, Ca, Fe, and Mg）.

关键词： lmpactor PM2.5 Optical particle counter Effective particle density Shape factor

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Assessment of multifunctional landscapes dynamics in the mountainous basin of the Mo River （Togo, West Africa）

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2017年第5期27卷 579-605页

作者： DIWEDIGA Badabate AGODZO Sampson WALA Kperkouma LE Quang Bao WASCAL Graduate Research Program in Climate Change and Land Use Department of Civil Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Agricultural Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Laboratory of Botany and Plant Ecology University of Lomb Togo CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Systems (CRP-DS) International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA) Amman 11195 Jordan

In this study, historical landscape dynamics were investigated to（i） map the land use/cover types for the years 1972, 1987, 2000 and 2014;（ii） determine the types and processes of landscape dynamics; and（iii） assess the landscape fragmentation and habitat loss over time. Supervised classification of multi-temporal Landsat images was used through a pixel-based approach. Post–classification methods included systematic and random change detection, trajectories analysis and landscape fragmentation assessment. The overall accuracies（and Kappa statistics） were of 68.86%（0.63）, 91.32%（0.79）, 90.66%（0.88） and 91.88%（0.89） for 1972, 1987, 2000 and 2014, respectively. The spatio-temporal analyses indicated that forests, woodlands and savannahs dominated the landscapes during the four dates, though constant areal decreases were observed. The most important dynamic process was the decline of woodlands with an average annual net loss rate of –2%. Meanwhile, the most important land transformation occurred during the transition 2000–2014, due to anthropogenic pressures. Though the most important loss of vegetation greenness occurred in the unprotected areas, the overall analyses of change indicated a declining trend of land cover quality and an increasing landscape fragmentation. Sustainable conservation strategies should be promoted while focusing restoration attention on degraded lands and fragmented ecosystems in order to support rural livelihood and biodiversity conservation.

关键词： land cover dynamics spatio-temporal patterns swap change landscape fragmentation protected areas Mo River Basin Togo

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Prediction of Salinity Variations in a Tidal Estuary Using Artificial Neural Network and Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Models

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Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental engineering 2017年第1期6卷 107-128页

作者： Weibo Chen Wencheng Liu Weiche Huang Hongming Liu National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction Taiwan Department of Civil and Disaster Prevention Engineering National United University Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Materials and Chemical Engineering National United University Taiwan

The simulation of salinity at different locations of a tidal river using physically-based hydrodynamic models is quite cumbersome because it requires many types of data, such as hydrological and hydraulic time series at boundaries, river geometry, and adjusted coefficients. Therefore, an artificial neural network (ANN) technique using a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) and a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is adopted as an effective alternative in salinity simulation studies. The present study focuses on comparing the performance of BPNN, RBFNN, and three-dimensional hydrodynamic models as applied to a tidal estuarine system. The observed salinity data sets collected from 18 to 22 May, 16 to 22 October, and 26 to 30 October 2002 (totaling 4320 data points) were used for BPNN and RBFNN model training and for hydrodynamic model calibration. The data sets collected from 30 May to 2 June and 11 to 15 November 2002 (totaling 2592 data points) were adopted for BPNN and RBFNN model verification and for hydrodynamic model verification. The results revealed that the ANN (BPNN and RBFNN) models were capable of predicting the nonlinear time series behavior of salinity to the multiple forcing signals of water stages at different stations and freshwater input at upstream boundaries. The salinity predicted by the ANN models was better than that predicted by the physically based hydrodynamic model. This study suggests that BPNN and RBFNN models are easy-to-use modeling tools for simulating the salinity variation in a tidal estuarine system.

关键词： Salinity Variation Artificial Neural Network Backpropagation Algorithm Radial Basis Function Neural Network Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Model Tidal Estuary

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Public opinion about solar radiation management: A cross-cultural study in 20 countries around the world

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Climatic Change 2024年第4期177卷 65页

作者： Contzen, Nadja Perlaviciute, Goda Steg, Linda Reckels, Sophie Charlotte Alves, Susana Bidwell, David Böhm, Gisela Bonaiuto, Marino Chou, Li-Fang Corral-Verdugo, Victor Dessi, Federica Dietz, Thomas Doran, Rouven Eulálio, Maria do Carmo Fielding, Kelly Gómez-Román, Cristina Granskaya, Juliana V. Gurikova, Tatyana Hernández, Bernardo Kabakova, Maira P. Lee, Chieh-Yu Li, Fan Lima, Maria Luísa Liu, Lu Luís, Sílvia Muinos, Gabriel Ogunbode, Charles A. Ortiz, María Victoria Pidgeon, Nick Pitt, Maria Argüello Rahimi, Leila Revokatova, Anastasia Reyna, Cecilia Schuitema, Geertje Shwom, Rachael Yalcinkaya, Nur Soylu Spence, Elspeth Sütterlin, Bernadette Environmental Health Psychology Group Department of Environmental Social Sciences Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Überlandstrasse 133 Dübendorf8600 Switzerland Environmental Psychology Group Department of Psychology Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences University of Groningen Grote Kruisstraat 2/1 Groningen9712TS Netherlands Department of Psychology of Development and Socialisation Processes Sapienza University of Rome Via dei Marsi 78 Rome00185 Italy Department of Marine Affairs University of Rhode Island 1 Greenhouse Road KingstonRI02852 United States Department of Psychosocial Science University of Bergen Christiesgate 12 BergenN‑5015 Norway Department of Psychology Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences Lillehammer Norway CIRPA Interuniversity Centre for Research in Environmental Psychology Sapienza University of Rome Via dei Marsi 78 Rome00185 Italy Department of Psychology National Cheng Kung University No.1 University Road Tainan City701 Taiwan Environmental Psychology Group Department of Psychology Social Sciences Division University of Sonora Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N Hermosillo Sonora83000 Mexico Environmental Science and Policy Program and Sociology Michigan State University 509 East Circle Drive East LansingMI48864 United States Group of Studies and Research in Aging and Health Department of Psychology State University of Paraíba Rua Baraúnas 351 Campina Grande Paraíba Brazil School of Communication and Arts University of Queensland St Lucia Campus BrisbaneQLD4072 Australia CRETUS institute Department of Social Psychology Basic and Methodology Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Campus Vida Calle Xosé María Suárez Núñez s/n A Coruña Santiago de Compostela15782 Spain Department of Psychology St. Petersburg State University Universitetskaya emb. 7/9 St.Petersburg199034 Russia Center for Sociological and Internet Research St. Petersburg State University Universitets

Some argue that complementing climate change mitigation measures with solar radiation management (SRM) might prove a last resort to limit global warming to 1.5 °C. To make a socially responsible decision on whether to use SRM, it is important to consider also public opinion, across the globe and particularly in the Global South, which would face the greatest risks from both global warming and SRM. However, most research on public opinion about SRM stems from the Global North. We report findings from the first large-scale, cross-cultural study on the public opinion about SRM among the general public (N = 2,248) and students (N = 4,583) in 20 countries covering all inhabited continents, including five countries from the Global South and five ‘non-WEIRD’ (i.e. not Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich, and Democratic) countries from the Global North. As public awareness of SRM is usually low, we provided participants with information on SRM, including key arguments in favour of and against SRM that appear in the scientific debate. On average, acceptability of SRM was significantly higher in the Global South than in the ‘non-WEIRD’ Global North, while acceptability in the ‘WEIRD’ Global North was in between. However, we found substantial variation within these clusters, especially in the ‘non-WEIRD’ Global North, suggesting that countries do not form homogenous clusters and should thus be considered individually. Moreover, the average participants’ views, while generally neither strong nor polarised, differed from some expert views in important ways, including that participants perceived SRM as only slightly effective in limiting global warming. Still, our data suggests overall a conditional, reluctant acceptance. That is, while on average, people think SRM would have mostly negative consequences, they may still be willing to tolerate it as a potential last resort to fight global warming, particularly if they think SRM has only minor negative (or even positive) impact

关键词： Solar radiation

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