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Whole pictures of halogenated disinfection byproducts in tap water from China＇s cities

Frontiers of Environmental Science & engineering 2015年第1期9卷 121-130页

作者： Yang PAN Xiangru ZHANG Jianping ZHAI State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China Environmental Engineering Program Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China

When bromide/iodide is present in source water, hypobromous acid/hypoiodous acid will be formed with addition of chlorine, chloramine, or other disinfectants. Hypobromous acid/hypoiodous acid undergoes reactions with natural organic matter in source water to form numerous brominated/iodinated disinfection byproducts （DBPs）. In this study, tap water samples were collected from eight cities in China. With the aid of electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry by setting precursor ion scans of m/z 35, m/z 81, and m/z 126.9, whole pictures of polar chlorinated, brominated, and iodinated DBPs in the tap water samples were revealed for the first time. Numerous polar halogenated DBPs were detected, including haloacetic acids, newly identified halogenated phenols, and many new/unknown halogenated compounds. Total organic chlorine, total organic bromine, and total organic iodine were also measured to indicate the total levels of all chlorinated, brominated, and iodinated DBPs in the tap water samples. The total organic chlorine concentrations ranged from 26.8 to 194.0 μg· L 1 as Cl, with an average of 109.2 μg·L-1 as Cl; the total organic bromine concentrations ranged from below detection limit to 113.3 μg·L-1 as Br, with an average of 34.7 μg·L-1 as Br; the total organic iodine concentrations ranged from below detection limit to 16.4 μg· L-1 as I, with an average of 9.1 μg· L-1 as I; the total organic halogen concentrations ranged from 31.3 to 220.4 μg·L-1 as Cl, with an average of 127.2 μg· L- 1 as Cl.

关键词： Disinfection byproducts （DBPs） total organichalogen tap water in China

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The Current Status of Roadways Solar Power technology: A Review

The Current Status of Roadways Solar Power Technology: A Rev...

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International Symposium on Systematic Approaches to Environmental Sustainability in Transportation: Environmental Sustainability in Transportation Infrastructure

作者： Subramanian, Rajarajan Civil Engineering Program School of Science Engineering and Technology Pennsylvania State University 777 W Harrisburg Pike MiddletownPA17057 United States

ISBN: (数字)9780784479285

ISBN: (纸本)9780784479285

Shining above, the sun has always been an obvious source of energy and recently it has been used on roadways also to produce electricity. The "Raised pavement markers" (RPMs) have been in use in Oregon for many years. A study by Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) in 2004 suggested that the solar powered RPMs can be used on the roadway pavements satisfactorily. This study included laboratory testing and field observations. Light Emitting Diodes (LED) is fixed inside the Solar Raised Pavement Markers (SRPM). They can be used along the sidewalk pathways. Photovoltaic (PV) cells work by using semi-conductors to absorb light and create a flow of electrons. The advantages of using the solar powered roadways are not immediately felt right after the construction. The solar photovoltaic panels can be placed on the sound barrier walls and on bridge structures also. This paper deals with the current status of technology related to the solar panels that are used on roadways, bicycle paths, pedestrian sidewalks and along roadside. This paper also discusses the pros and cons and the feasibility of using the solar energy from the roadway pavements, parking lots, sidewalks, bicycle paths and roadside. © ASCE.

关键词： Pavements

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An assessment of noise exposure along the High Line, New York City 44

An assessment of noise exposure along the High Line, New Yor...

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44th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control engineering, INTER-NOISE 2015

作者： Bourdeau, E.P. Zheng, X.Y.K. King, E.A. Pilla, F. Acoustics Program and Lab College of Engineering Technology and Architecture University of Hartford CT United States Department of Civil Structural and Environmental Engineering Trinity College Dublin Ireland

The High Line is an elevated public park in New York City, transformed from an unused freight rail line. Pedestrians walking through Manhattan's West Side can walk either on the High Line or on a sidewalk below. It is hypothesized that pedestrian exposure to environmental noise on the High Line will be reduced due to the greater segregation of road traffic and pedestrians. In order to test this hypothesis two types of noise measurements were taken: fixed spot measurements and measurements in transit. Fixed noise measurements are standard for environmental noise assessments and offer a reliable representation of the noise level at each measurement location. Measurements in transit provide high spatial resolution and, in this case, may offer a more appropriate representation of the noise a pedestrian is exposed to in the urban environment. Measurements were analyzed to investigate if pedestrians using the High Line would have a lower exposure to those using the sidewalk. Results show statistically significant differences between noise exposure levels. This paper also discusses the potential for using measurements in transit in place of fixed spot measurements for the assessment of environmental noise exposure in urban environments. © 2015 by ASME.

关键词： Pavements

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Correction: A mechanistic understanding of the degradation of trace organic contaminants by UV/hydrogen peroxide, UV/persulfate and UV/free chlorine for water reuse

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Environmental Science: Water Research & technology 2017年第2期3卷 377-377页

作者： Wei Li Tushar Jain Kenneth Ishida Christina K. Remucal Haizhou Liu Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA Environmental Toxicology Program University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA Orange County Water District Fountain Valley CA 92708 USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison 1415 Engineering Dr. Madison WI USA Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program University of Wisconsin-Madison 660 N. Park St. Madison WI USA

Correction for ‘A mechanistic understanding of the degradation of trace organic contaminants by UV/hydrogen peroxide, UV/persulfate and UV/free chlorine for water reuse’ by Wei Li et al., Environ. Sci.: Water Res. T...

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Auralization as a tool to study threshold perception of spatial Impression 44

Auralization as a tool to study threshold perception of spat...

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44th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control engineering, INTER-NOISE 2015

作者： Maiorino, Alexandre Virginelli Bertoli, Stelamaris Rolla Graduate Program of Architecture Technology and City School of Civil Engineering Architecture and Urban Design University of Campinas - UNICAMP Brazil Department of Architecture and Construction School of Civil Engineering Architecture and Urban Design University of Campinas - UNICAMP Brazil

technology advances in computer simulation such as auralization has brought a new perspective in acoustic research. The possibility to simulate a space, play a sound source and listen to the result made possible to open new frontiers on subjective evaluation of acoustics environments. As part of a PhD in Architecture, focused in acoustics, this paper intends to investigate the feasibility of using auralization to study the threshold of perception of spatialization, specifically regarding early reflections. A research on the subject made by Barron and Marshall in the 80's was virtually reproduced with the addition of different sound sources such as solo voice, solo cello and two orchestra samples in order to investigate if sound source would have an influence on threshold perception. An anechoic chamber with speakers reproducing direct sound and early reflections at different delays was simulated on software EASE 4.3 from AFMG. A jury analyzed auralized sounds of the different sound sources. Results showed a good correlation with Barron and Marshall's research and that the type of sound source did not make a difference on the threshold perception. It also showed that auralization is a valuable tool for the research of threshold perception and possibly for just noticeable difference perception. © 2015 by ASME.

关键词： Acoustic generators

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Smaller desert dust cooling effect estimated from analysis of dust size and abundance

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Kok, Jasper F. Ridley, David A. Zhou, Qing Miller, Ron L. Zhao, Chun Heald, Colette L. Ward, Daniel S. Albani, Samuel Haustein, Karsten Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Statistics University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New YorkNY10025 United States School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Princeton University PrincetonNJ United States Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement CEA-CNRS-UVSQ Gif-sur-Yvette France School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford OxfordOX1 3QY United Kingdom

Desert dust aerosols affect Earth's global energy balance through direct interactions with radiation, and through indirect interactions with clouds and ecosystems. But the magnitudes of these effects are so uncertain that it remains unclear whether atmospheric dust has a net warming or cooling effect on global climate. Consequently, it is still uncertain whether large changes in atmospheric dust loading over the past century have slowed or accelerated anthropogenic climate change, or what the effects of potential future changes in dust loading will be. Here we present an analysis of the size and abundance of dust aerosols to constrain the direct radiative effect of dust. Using observational data on dust abundance, in situ measurements of dust optical properties and size distribution, and climate and atmospheric chemical transport model simulations of dust lifetime, we find that the dust found in the atmosphere is substantially coarser than represented in current global climate models. Since coarse dust warms climate, the global dust direct radiative effect is likely to be less cooling than the --0.4 W/m2 estimated by models in a current global aerosol model ensemble. Instead, we constrain the dust direct radiative effect to a range between -0.48 and +0.20 W/m2, which includes the possibility that dust causes a net warming of the planet. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dust

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Identification of Altered Minerals Based on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) For Mineral Exploration in a Tropical Area

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2017年第1期71卷

作者： Panggea Ghiyats Sabrian Asep Saepuloh Syafrizal Arie Naftali Hawu Hede Graduate Program of Mining Engineering Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) Bandung Indonesia 40132 Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Borneo Tarakan (UBT) Tarakan Indonesia 77123 Research Group of Geology Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) Bandung Indonesia 40132 Research Group of Earth Resources Exploration Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) Bandung Indonesia 40132

Geological investigation by remote sensing using surface physical properties in tropical regions is challenging. To minimize the effects of atmosphere and vegetation in the obtained optical images, we used the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The phased array L-band synthetic aperture radar (PALSAR) onboard the advanced land observing satellite (ALOS) was selected due to ability of the L-band to penetrate clouds and canopy vegetation. The polarimetric decomposition method based on Cloude–Pottier classification was used as the basis for backscattering analyses. The Ciseuti area in West Java, Indonesia was selected as the study site due to the existence of mining activities, including gold and galena mines. The identification is focused on the spatial distribution of prospected minerals regardless of cloud and vegetation canopy. The classified prospect zones could be extended using the Cloude– Pottier polarimetric decomposition into moderate random entropy and alpha double bounce scattering at argillic alterations, moderate random entropy and alpha surface scattering at intermediate argillic alterations, and highly moderate random entropy and alpha volume diffusion at advanced argillic alterations. The entropy and alpha extracted from ALOS PALSAR data based on Cloude–Pottier decomposition were very useful for identifying alteration zones.

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Informal worker phenomenon in housing construction project

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1903卷

作者： Maranatha Wijayaningtyas Ibrahim Sipan Kukuh Lukiyanto 1Civil Engineering Post-Graduate Program National Institute of Technology (ITN) Malang Indonesia 2Center for Real Estate Studies (CRES) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Johor Bahru Malaysia 3Business Creation Department Institut Teknologi Kreatif Bina Nusantara Malang Indonesia

The informal workers phenomenon on housing construction projects in Indonesia is different from workers in other sectors who would always request as permanent employees. Substantively, the informal workers are disinclined to be bound as permanent employees which different from the general labor paradigm. Hence, the objective of this study is to find out how the labour selection process, the factors that affected their performance, and the suitable wage system to achieve the target completion of housing construction project. The qualitative method is used to uncover and understand the meaning behind the phenomena (numina) of informal workers action and their influence on housing construction project which called phenomenological approach. Five informal workers and two project managers were selected as informants based on predetermined criteria with in-depth interviews. The results showed that the informal worker were more satisfied with the wage based on unit price while working in the housing construction project for the flexibility in working hours. In addition, the developer was also relieved because they only control the quality and the achievement of the project completion time which supported by informal worker leader. Therefore, these findings are beneficial for both of developer and government as policy maker to succeed the housing program in Indonesia.

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Author Correction: A compendium of geochemical information from the Saanich Inlet water column

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Scientific data 2019年第1期6卷 1页

作者： Mónica Torres-Beltrán Alyse K Hawley David Capelle Elena Zaikova David A Walsh Andreas Mueller Melanie Scofield Chris Payne Larysa Pakhomova Sam Kheirandish Jan Finke Maya Bhatia Olena Shevchuk Esther A Gies Diane Fairley Céline Michiels Curtis A Suttle Frank Whitney Sean A Crowe Philippe D Tortell Steven J Hallam Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada. Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada. Department of Biology Georgetown University Washington DC 20007 USA. Department of Biology Concordia University Montreal Quebec H4B 1R6 Canada. Department of Civil Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada. Department of Botany University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada. Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada Sidney British Columbia V9L 6V9 Canada. ECOSCOPE Training Program University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada. Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Studies University of British Columbia British Columbia V6T 1Z2 Canada. Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada. shallam@mail.ubc.ca. ECOSCOPE Training Program University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada. shallam@mail.ubc.ca. Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Studies University of British Columbia British Columbia V6T 1Z2 Canada. shallam@mail.ubc.ca. Genome Science and Technology Program University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada. shallam@mail.ubc.ca. Graduate Program in Bioinformatics University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada. shallam@mail.ubc.ca.

In Table 3 of this Data Descriptor the units of Mean_N2O and Mean_CH4 are incorrectly stated as "Nanomolar (μM)". This should instead read "Nanomolar (nM)".

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Effect of Habit and Car Access on Student Behavior Using Cars for Traveling to Campus

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Procedia engineering 2015年 125卷 571-578页

作者： Rudy Setiawan Wimpy Santosa Ade Sjafruddin Civil Engineering Study Program Petra Christian University Siwalankerto 121-131 Surabaya 60236 Indonesia Civil Engineering Study Program Parahyangan Catholic University Ciumbuleuit 94 Bandung 40141 Indonesia Civil Engineering Study Program Bandung Institute of Technology Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia

This study reports an investigation of psychological factors influencing this behavior from the perspective of the Theory of Planned Behavior and Norm Activation Model, with the addition of habit and car access. Students from three different university campuses in Surabaya, Indonesia, (n = 312) completed a survey on their car commuting behavior. Results indicated that habit and ascription of responsibility were the strongest factors that influence personal norm, perceived behavioral control and personal norm were the strongest factors that influence behavioral intention, and habit was the strongest factors that influence actual behavior, while car access only significantly influence habit, rather than both perceived behavioral control and actual behavior. Habit, awareness of consequences, and ascription of responsibility explain 54% variance of personal norm. Attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and personal norm explain 50% variance of the behavioral intention. In turn, behavioral intention, habit, and car access explains 55% of the variance of the actual car use. Implications of these findings are that in order to alter the use of car, university should implement both structural and psychological interventions. Effective interventions should be designed to raise students’ awareness of consequences and sense of responsibility of negative aspects of car use.

关键词： students’ car use theory of planned behavior norm activation model habit car access.

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