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Journal of Structural and Construction engineering 2011年第659期76卷 141-148页

作者： Ishimura, Mitsuyoshi Sadasue, Kazushi Fujii, Toshiki Yokoyama, Tsuyoshi Minami, Koichi Ishimura Architects and Eng. Course of Regional Space Planning and Systems Engineerings Fukuyama Univ. Japan Dept. of Architectural Eng. Faculty of Eng. Hiroshima Institute of Technology Japan Architecture Master's Program Fukuyama Univ. Japan Constec Engineering Co. Ltd. Japan Dept. of Architecture and Civil Engineering Faculty of Eng. Fukuyama Univ. Japan

Seismic retrofitting with steel brace is widely-spread for the seismic retrofitting of existing RC buildings. However, there has been no study that tried to apply this seismic retrofit method to existing RC buildings with very low-strength concrete. In this research, we confirmed the effect of seismic retrofitting steel brace which used post-installed anchor together with epoxy resin for RC structures with low-strength concrete through the structural tests of two series. As the beginning, we confirmed the shear strength of the indirect connection in which existing RC frame is tied to frame of steel brace. Next, we confirmed the mechanical behavior of RC frame retrofitted with steel brace subjected to axial and horizontal loads. From the structural tests, it was shown that ultimate strength of the indirect connection and RC frame retrofitted with steel brace can be estimated by the current evaluation method. In addition, it made clear that ductility index F of RC frame retrofitted with steel brace can be 2.0.

关键词： Epoxy resins

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Visualization of signalized intersections in driving simulator and validity of driving behaviors in virtual environments

Advances in Transportation Studies

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Advances in Transportation Studies 2011年第26期 17-28页

作者： Yan, X. Abdel-Aty, M. Guo, D. Radwan, E. MOE Key Laboratory for Transportation Complex Systems Theory and Technology Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044 China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32816-2450 United States Computer Science Program College of Business Florida Gulf Coast University 10501 FGCU Boulevard South Fort Myers FL 33965-6565 United States Center for Advanced Transportation Systems Simulation University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32816-2450 United States

Visualization of highway traffic environments in virtual reality plays a key role on fidelity of simulation and validity of driving behaviors in driving simulator studies. This paper describes a procedure to replicate a signalized intersection with many complex features into a driving simulator's 3-D databases through building a graphical visual database, constructing a road motion database, and creating simulated traffic. The validity of the visualization was assessed via the comparison of the drivers' speeds in the simulator and the speed data at the real intersection. It was found that both speed data follow normal distributions and have equal means for each intersection approach;however, that the speeds measured in the driving simulator have a larger variability than those measured in the field. The users' subjective evaluation results indicated that 92% subjects could recognize the simulated intersection in the driving simulator experiment. Therefore, the strategy of geo-specific environment modeling would be useful for studying driving behaviors in virtual environments.

关键词： Visualization

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Determination of intrinsic permeability for packed waste of Indonesian solid waste

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ITB Journal of engineering Science 2010年第2期42 B卷 137-150页

作者： Rahardyan, Benno Dwirestiani, Retno Padmi, Tri Environmental Engineering Study Program Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institute of Technology Bandung

Gas permeability and intrinsic permeability are the major parameters to promote aeration for packed waste. The objectives of this research are to identify physical parameters of gas transfer from a various type of packed wastes and examine ventilation design theory for landfill to enhance waste stabilization. Method to determine value of gas permeability and intrinsic permeability for packed waste is by flushing the packed column containing various type and physical characteristics of wastes with an air pump. Permeability was calculated by measuring pressure gradient on sampling points of the column using inclined manometer at distance 10 cm, 23 cm, 46 cm, 69 cm, 92 cm and 115 cm from origin. Gas permeability is specifically relied on physical parameters of wastes as follows, density, moisture content, particle size and gas velocity on the surface of compacted waste layer. Compost has finer pore structure and smaller pore size than leaves as well as mixed organic (65%) and inorganic wastes (35%). The experiment found the intrinsic permeability of leaves waste are in the order of 10-11 to 10-8 m2, 10-11 to 10-9 m2 for compost and 10-9 m2 for mixed organic (65%) and inorganic wastes (35%).

关键词： Gas permeability

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Evaluation of the modulus of elasticity and resilient modulus for highway subgrades

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Electronic Journal of Geotechnical engineering 2010年 15 M卷 1285-1293页

作者： Putri, Elsa Eka Rao, N.S.V Kameswara Mannan, M.A. Civil Engineering Program School of Engineering and Information Technology Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu Malaysia Civil Engineering Program School of Engineering and Information Technolog Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu Malaysia Civil Engineering Program School of Engineering and Information Technology Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu Malaysia

The aim of this study is to evaluate the modulus of elasticity and the resilient modulus of the subgrade clayey sand soils by laboratory testing. The two tests used are California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test and Unconfined Cyclic Triaxial (UCT) test. Modulus of elasticity and resilient modulus are important material properties of subgrade soils and are the input parameters in the design of pavement. The modulus of elasticity of a soil is a soil parameter most commonly used in the estimation of settlement from static or dynamic loads. The subgrade resilient modulus (MR) is an essential engineering parameter for the mechanistic empirical pavement design. From the result of this study, the modulus of elasticity derived from CBR tests is higher than the modulus of elasticity obtained from UCT test. In addition, from the UCT test the higher the cyclic deviator stress applied to the sample the higher the modulus of elasticity, but there is no trend in the result of resilient modulus. The measured modulus of elasticity and resilient modulus of the subgrade soils from the California Bearing Ratio test and Unconfined Cyclic Triaxial test under identical moisture and density conditions were compared. In conclusion, the average values of the modulus of elasticity calculated from the California Bearing Ratio tests characterize the soil as medium clay, and then after the soil experiences the cyclic loading in the UCT test, the soil is classified as soft clay (after Das, 1994). Furthermore, the influence of amplitude of axial cyclic stress in determination of resilient modulus was also discussed. © 2010 ejge.

关键词： Elastic moduli

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An efficient seismic intensity measure for seismic risk analysis of structures

An efficient seismic intensity measure for seismic risk anal...

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9th US National and 10th Canadian Conference on Earthquake engineering 2010, Including Papers from the 4th International Tsunami Symposium

作者： Celik, Ozan Cem Ellingwood, Bruce R. Civil Engineering Program Middle East Technical University Northern Cyprus Campus Kalkanli Guzelyurt KKTC Mersin 10 Turkey College of Engineering School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 790 Atlantic Drive NW Atlanta GA 30332-0355 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781617388446

In a seismic fragility or seismic margins assessment, the estimated structural system response is conditioned on a measure of seismic intensity. The U.S. Geological Survey currently stipulates the site-dependent seismic hazard by mapping the spectral acceleration at a frequency of 2% probability of being exceeded in 50 years. The scatter in structural responses at a given intensity measure (IM) due to record-to-record variability in ground motion ensembles used in nonlinear time history analysis of structures provides a relative measure of the efficiency of an IM. A number of investigators have noted recently that the spectral acceleration, while an improvement over the ground motion-based IMs, is still relatively inefficient when the structure responds nonlinearly and softens during earthquake ground motion. This issue is addressed in this paper with the use of a previously proposed IM that accounts for period softening of the structure. The parameters of this IM are optimized to minimize the uncertainty in probabilistic seismic demand models for typical three-, six-, and nine-story reinforced concrete frames in the Central and Eastern U.S. Ensembles of synthetic earthquake ground motions that were developed specifically for the New Madrid Seismic Zone are used in finite-element based nonlinear dynamic time history analyses. Seismic fragilities that are subsequently derived for the three concrete frames are compared with those previously developed using the spectral acceleration as an IM, and their implications for seismic risk assessment are discussed.

关键词： Risk analysis

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Exceed II: Advanced training for even better teaching

Exceed II: Advanced training for even better teaching

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2010 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition

作者： Larson, Debra Estes, Allen Dennis Jr., Norman Welch, Ronald Considine, Carol College of Engineering Forestry and Natural Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ United States Architectural Engineering Department California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo United States Department of Civil Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville United States Department of Civil Engineering University of Texas at Tyler Tyler TX United States Civil Engineering Technology Program Old Dominion University United States

In 2007, the American Society of civil engineering's Committee on Faculty Development (CFD) conducted a longitudinal survey of all the past participants of the ExCEEd Teaching Workshop (ETW). The CFD received 173 responses, representing 40% of the ETW population at that time, to its survey about skills and the long term value of ETW. Important to this paper, 73% of the survey respondents said that they were interested in attending a post, advanced ETW. Motivated by these survey results, the CFD began its planning for a pilot ExCEEd II workshop during the 2008-2009 academic year. In the summer of 2009, ASCE offered its first ExCEEd II workshop for past ETW participants. This paper describes the day and a half ExCEEd II workshop along with a summary of results captured from two structured evaluations. All activities, except two, received average scores for value and conduct of 4.0 or better on a 1.0 to 5.0 scale. The participant teaching experience followed by the demonstration class taught by a master teacher were rated the highest in terms of their value to the participants. For some participants, the hands-on teaching experience coupled with the constructive and supportive feedback environment were cited as the main reasons for attending ExCEEd II. The program's cost was deemed reasonable and appropriate to the length, value, and conduct of the workshop. The participants recommended increasing the length of the workshop to two days;incorporating two participant teaching sessions;providing more information or time to the topics of brain functions, problem based learning, ETW review, and short in-class demonstrations or models;and adding content on evaluating student learning and integrating new teaching technologies. © American Society for engineering Education, 2010.

关键词： Surveys

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Blast effects on underground pipes

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Electronic Journal of Geotechnical engineering 2010年 15 G卷 1-14页

作者： Olarewaju, Akinola J. Rao, N.S.V. Kameswara Mannan, Md. A. Civil Engineering Program School of Engineering and Information Technology SKTMUniversiti Malaysia Sabah 88999 Kota Kinabalu Malaysia

This paper has outlined the static and dynamic responses between the various components of blast which are blast load, ground media, pipes, and the intervening layer. Response of linear models of buried pipes due to surface static load was studied using ABAQUS code and results compared with that of SAP code. In addition, using UFC (2008), blast wave parameters for 50kg TNT in different pipes were obtained. Furthermore, response of buried pipes due internal explosion for the same explosive was equally studied. Equivalent earthquake parameters on ground surface for the same explosive were obtained and compared with San Fernando earthquake of 1971. Analytical method cannot provide accurate result owing to its limitations. However, numerical methods considered by modeling for solving linear and non-linear as well as dynamic equilibrium equation are Newton and central difference methods. The solutions to the dynamic equations using these numerical methods are achieved using ABAQUS and Sap codes. © 2010 ejge.

关键词： Explosives

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A preliminary investigation of polymer modified hydrated cement paste prisms and the fracture analysis of tested specimens

A preliminary investigation of polymer modified hydrated cem...

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ACI Spring 2010 Convention

作者： Belkowitz, J. Best, M. Nilsen, M. Fisher, F. Armentrout, D. Stevens Institute of Technology United States Ninyo and Moore Geotechnical and Environmental Consultants Denver CO United States Civil Engineering Technology Program Metro State College Denver United States Lafarge's Western US Region Denver CO United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Stevens Institute of Technology United States Nanotechnology Graduate Program Stevens Institute of Technology United States Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Denver United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781618392060

The following paper documents the preliminary experimentation and analysis of a polymer fortified hydrated cement sample. Concrete is a brittle construction material. When compared to other construction materials, concrete can offer competitive structural resistance under compressive loads. But due to the brittle nature of the hydrated cement matrix, C-S-H network, concrete is poor when resisting flexural loads. The brittle C-S-H structures cannot absorb the flexural energy like a ductile material. The properties of concrete fracture are analyzed at the microscopic level to understand the method of failure. By including the acrylic polymer into the hydrated specimens it was the belief of the authors that the acrylic polymer would enhance the fracture behaviour of the concrete in flexure. The C-S-H hydrates precipitate from a saturated solution. The acrylic polymer, after being mixed into the cement paste while still fresh, becomes secured in the C-S-H structure as said structure hardens. Samples were cast, cured, and tested in order to determine if the acrylic polymer cause the C-S-H structure to behave in a ductile manner. The testing included compressive and flexural stress tests with microstructure observation via Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The compressive and flexural tests were used to discern a measured value of gain when using an acrylic polymer compared to a control mix. The SEM images were used to determine crack origin, type of failure, and acrylic polymer benefit. The tests and SEM images revealed that there was a negative reaction between the admixtures to cause an excessive air generation. Despite the setback, the SEM images revealed evidence of energy absorbing of the acrylic polymer mix.

关键词： Scanning electron microscopy

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Response of underground pipes due to blast loads by simulation - an overview

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Electronic Journal of Geotechnical engineering 2010年 15 H卷 1-22页

作者： Olarewaju, A.J. Kameswara Rao, N.S.V. Mannan, M.A. Civil Engineering Program School of Engineering and Information Technology SKTM Universiti Malaysia Sabah UMS 88999 Kota Kinabalu Malaysia

This paper has analytically and numerically examined the static and dynamic responses of underground pipes due to blast loads. The various components of blast considered are blast load, ground media, pipes and soil-pipe interaction. Using Unified Facilities Criteria (2008), blast energy and ground movement parameters for various types of explosion for short distance were estimated. Other numerical tools for predicting blast energy and solving dynamic equation were equally suggested. Available technical manuals for designing structures to resist the effects of accidental explosion were given. Methods of analysis of simulated buried pipes subjected to blast loads were considered. Analytical method may not provide accurate result owing to its limitations;consequently, numerical methods overcome the limitations of analytical methods. Numerical methods considered for solving dynamic equilibrium equation are the central difference and finite element methods. The solutions to the dynamic equations using these two numerical methods can be achieved using ABAQUS numerical code. Apart from Abaqus code, other numerical tools that could be used to study the response of underground structures (pipes) by modeling/simulations were also suggested. © 2010 ejge.

关键词： Numerical methods

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Multiple perspectives on engaging future engineers

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Journal of engineering Education 2011年第1期100卷 48-88页

作者： Adams, Robin Evangelou, Demetra English, Lyn De Figueiredo, Antonio Dias Mousoulides, Nicholas Pawley, Alice L. Schifellite, Carmen Stevens, Reed Svinicki, Marilla Trenor, Julie Martin Wilson, Denise M. School of Engineering Education Purdue University 1233 Armstrong Hall 701 West Stadium Ave. West Lafayette IN 47907-2045 United States School of Engineering Education Purdue University 1323 Armstrong Hall 701 West Stadium Ave. West Lafayette IN 47907-2045 United States School of Mathematics Science and Technology Education Queensland University of Technology Faculty of Education Victoria Park Road Kelvin Grove QLD 4059 Australia University of Coimbra Portugal Department of Informatics Engineering Polo 2 3030-290 Coimbra Portugal School of Engineering and Technology Department of Civil Engineering and Geomatics Cyprus University of Technology P.O.Box 50329 3603 Lemesos Cyprus Women's Studies Program Purdue University 1325 Armstrong Hall 701 West Stadium Ave. West Lafayette IN 47905-2045 United States Department of Sociology Ryerson University 350 Victoria Street Toronto ON M5B 2K3 Canada Faculty of Education Brock University St. Catharines ON Canada Department of Learning Sciences Northwestern University 2120 Campus Drive Evanston IL 60208-0001 United States Department of Educational Psychology University of Texas Austin United States Educational Psychology Department 1 University Station D5800 Austin TX 78712-1294 United States Department of Engineering and Science Education Clemson University 105 Holtzendorff Hall Clemson SC 29634 United States Department of Electrical Engineering University of Washington Seattle Paul Allen Center 185 Stevens Way Seattle WA 98195-2500 United States

BACKGROUND: Engaging future engineers is a central topic in everyday conversations on engineering education. Considerable investments have been made to make engineering more engaging, recruit and retain aspiring engineers, and to design an education to prepare future engineers. However, the impact of these efforts has been less than intended. It is imperative that the community reflects on progress and sets a more effective path for the future. PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to map a new innovation landscape for what it means to engage future engineers. This is a theoretically grounded divergent-thinking effort to enable a broader space of high impact innovations for engaging future engineers. SCOPE/METHOD: A multiple perspectives methodology drawing from innovation, cross-disciplinary, and boundary work frameworks was used to make visible multiple facets of engaging future engineers. Scholars from diverse communities of thought and discourse were selected to present interparadigmatic perspectives, act as boundary agents, challenge and transform current ways of thinking, and illustrate new opportunities for engineering education innovation. CONCLUSIONS: A new innovation landscape for engaging future engineers is needed, one that emphasizes epistemological development and social justice, new configurations on engineering thinking and connecting to the formative years of development, the entwinement of engineering knowing and being, and mutually informing consequences for opening up a broader space for *** also need to adopt strategies and tools for using a multiple perspectives approach to better understand complex engineering education problems. © 2011 ASEE.

关键词： Engineers

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