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Flood vulnerability map of the Bagmati River basin, Nepal: a comparative approach of the analytical hierarchy process and frequency ratio model

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Smart Construction and Sustainable Cities 2024年第1期2卷 1-17页

作者： Malla, Sushmita Ohgushi, Koichiro Civil Engineering and Architectural Design Course Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saga University Saga Japan Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture Faculty of Science and Engineering Saga University Saga Japan

The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and frequency ratio model (FR), along with the integration of GIS, have proven to be successful approaches for assessing flood-prone areas. However, in Nepal flood vulnerability mapping based on GIS decision analysis is limited. Thus, this study focused on comparing the data-driven FR method and expert knowledge-based AHP technique in a GIS environment to prepare a flood vulnerability map for the Bagmati River basin, helping to explore the gap in flood vulnerability mapping methodologies and approaches. By combining all class-weighted contributing factors, like elevation, precipitation, flow accumulation, drainage density, soil, distance from the river, land use land cover, normalized difference vegetative index, slope and topographic wetness index, the study evaluated the efficiency of FR and AHP in assessing flood vulnerability maps. An inventory map of floods containing 107 flood points was created. Subsequently, the flood vulnerability maps generated using FR and AHP models revealed that 9.30% and 11.36% of regions were in highly vulnerable areas, respectively. Receiver operating characteristics validated the model outcomes, indicating that the FR model’s accuracy of 91% outperformed the AHP model’s 84% accuracy. The study findings will assist decision-makers in enacting sustainable management techniques to reduce future damage in the Bagmati basin.

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Sustainable construction and quality of improved columns with three types of water-cement ratios on deep mixing method in Saga Lowland, Kyushu, Japan

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Smart Construction and Sustainable Cities 2024年第1期2卷 1-15页

作者： Usui, Hirofumi Some, Donzala David Sindete, Mathiro José Hino, Takenori Technical Department Tenox Kyusyu Corporation Fukuoka Japan Civil Engineering and Architectural Design Course Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saga University Saga Japan Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture Faculty of Science and Engineering Saga University Saga Japan

In this study, we investigated the application of the deep mixing method (DMM) to cohesive soil in the Saga Lowland of Kyushu, Japan. The study focused on examining three types of water-cement ratio (W/C) conditions, with a constant addition of cement-based binder (C). Due to the soft clay nature of the Saga Lowland, frequent ground settlement and deformation occur, necessitating measures to prevent adverse effects on the surrounding environment. The objective of this research is to provide a valuable approach to optimizing the quality of the improved columns while minimizing ground displacement in an environmentally considerate manner. In Saga Lowland, it is common to fix the W/C ratio at 1.0 and vary the cement content. Through experimental construction for improved columns on the field, the study confirmed that W/C values of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 influence the quality of the improved structure. A higher W/C value of 1.5 resulted in a more fluid cement slurry due to a higher injection rate (IR = 23.9%), as evidenced by statistical analysis revealing higher average unconfined compressive strength ( $$\overline{{q }_{u}}$$ ), and a lower coefficient of variation (CV). The defective rate of 10% (qudr) from the design standard strength shows that values are lowest for Case 2, followed by Case 3 and then Case 1. Comparing the values of Case 2 and Case 3, it is observed that in Case 3, with a higher W/C, the CV is lower.. Regarding horizontal ground displacement (Sh), Case 3 exhibited a Sh value of 2.0 to 6.5 mm, significantly lower than Saga prefecture standards (20 mm). This outcome is attributed to reduced viscosity during mixing, leading to improved fluidity and minimal lateral displacement of the soil–cement columns (which often results in lateral ground uplift). Even though with a higher W/C = 1.5, the implementation cost remains the same, but the constructed structure would be of higher quality and smaller displacement, with the overall structure correspond

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Sustainable approach to quality assurance in cement-improved soil: applications of handheld XRF for geotechnical solutions

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Smart Construction and Sustainable Cities 2024年第1期2卷 1-21页

作者： Sindete, Mathiro José Usui, Hirofumi Some, Donzala David Hino, Takenori Civil Engineering and Architectural Design Course Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saga University Saga Japan Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture Faculty of Science and Engineering Saga University Saga Japan Ministry in Charge of Infrastructure General Secretariat Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Traditional methods for evaluating the quality of the Deep Mixing Method (DMM) in Japan, such as the phenolphthalein tracer method, present limitations in ensuring strength improvement. This study explores handheld X-ray fluorescence (XRF) as a sustainable alternative for quality assessment. The elemental composition of cement-treated soil was investigated, focusing on Calcium (Ca), Silicate (Si), and Sulfate (S), which play crucial roles in the formation of hydrated products, aiming to accurately determine their influence on the strength development of the improved soil. A controlled protocol was employed using commercial Kaolin clay and the needle penetration test for strength assessment. Our laboratory experiments, conducted with a cement-based binder (C) dosage of 110 kg/m3 and a water-cement (W/C) ratio of 1, furthered our understanding of the hydration process. Results indicate an apparent increase in Ca amount over time, correlating with improved strength, while the apparent amount of Si decreases, suggesting its integration into hydration products such as C-S–H gel. Strength assessment rose significantly between day 1 and 28, aligning with variations observed in Si, Ca, and S, underlining their role in strength evolution. This research underscores the potential of handheld XRF as a sustainable substitute for conventional methods in field-quality assurance, offering real-time data on the formation of possible hydrated products during the hydration process for improved soil in geotechnical engineering.

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Micro tremor measurement and damage investigation on historic timber masonry composite pagoda in Nepal three storied pagoda in Patan

Micro tremor measurement and damage investigation on histori...

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2018 World Conference on Timber engineering, WCTE 2018

作者： Fujita, Kaori Ponce, Diego Kawashima, Kohta Toyoda, Takahiro Kim, Sunwook Hanazato, Toshikazu Subedi, Jishnu Shakya, Manjip University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Civil Engineering and Architectural Design Course Hachinohe College Japan Mie University Japan Southern Alberta Institute of Technology Canada Kwopa University Nepal

This paper introduces the result of micro tremor measurement on historic timber masonry composite pagoda in Patan, operated in September 2009. The target pagoda is three storied pagoda of Radha Krishna Temple The authors operated micro tremor measurement and forced vibration test on the structure together with material testing of the timber and brick used in the structure. The fundamental vibration characteristics were determined and compared with preceding research on timber masonry composite pagodas. The damage investigation by the Gorkha Nepal earthquake in 25th, April 2015 was surveyed by the authors. The three storied pagoda of Radha Krishna temple was destroyed totally. © WCTE 2018 Committee.

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