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Motivation for environmental construction

Federal Facilities Environmental Journal 2004年第1期15卷

作者： Khalid M. Siddiqi Rita Oberle Linda Thomas‐Mobley Roozbeh Kangari Construction Department Southern Polytechnic State University Marietta Georgia School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia Building Construction Program College of Architecture Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia

Environmental laws are increasing and changing faster than they can be implemented in the construction industry. This is especially important for federal facilities and environmental construction because federal agencies are strongly averse to notices of violation to environmental regulations. Other industries, such as the Air Force aircraft development industry, are coping with problems related to impacts of environmental laws by integrating the concept of design for environment into their management strategy on a life‐cycle basis. The construction industry has historically addressed environmental regulations in a segregated and fragmented approach and seen environmental issues as restrictions and constraints. With the advent of sustainability in construction and bioremediation in environmental construction, federal agencies also need to address the problem in an integrated fashion by improving its project management, planning, and implementation strategies. This article presents a framework that can be used by the construction industry for analyzing construction alternatives in an integrated fashion with respect to environmental laws and regulations. The framework provides a holistic approach for taking into consideration public needs, construction processes, and regulatory governmental functions. The framework can be used by federal agencies for addressing life‐cycle environmental issues pertaining to compliance, conservation, and pollution prevention. Use of the holistic approach and integrated framework is expected to minimize remediation in new building and environmental construction projects. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Development of web-based numerical wave tank and java applets as an advanced tool for teaching wave mechanics

Development of web-based numerical wave tank and java applet...

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2003 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition: Staying in Tune with engineering Education

作者： Ryu, Sangsoo Kim, M.H. Kinnas, Spyros A. Kang, Julian H. Texas A and M University University of Texas Austin Ocean Engineering Program Dept. of Civil Engineering Texas A and M University Department of Civil Engineering University of Texas Austin Offshore Technology Research Center Department of Construction Science Texas A and M University

In this paper, the effectiveness of a user-interactive Web-based teaching tool is discussed. One of the topics that students may have some degree of difficulty in understanding Ocean Wave Mechanics may be the propagation and interaction of ocean waves and related physical phenomena. Explaining this kind of topic using only mathematical formulas may not be good enough for students to build strong knowledge in solving relevant problems. Our research shows that visual representation helps students to learn complicated mathematical subjects more rapidly and easily, and to better understand its complex physical phenomena. The recent advancement of visualization technology in Internet enables more effective visual dissemination and representation of complicated physics to students in remote place than ever before. We developed Web-based Numerical Wave Tank (WebNWT) using Java technology for distance education tools over the Internet. This paper addresses the structure of WebNWT and how WebNWT can help students to better understand complicated physics, such as wave interaction and propagation. The advantage of WebNWT over conventional non-interactive pedagogy in conveying knowledge is also discussed. Some exit survey results are collected from undergraduate and graduate students, and the data are analyzed.

关键词： World Wide Web

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A parametric review of the built environment sustainability literature

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International Journal of Environmental technology and Management 2002年第1-3期2卷 54-93页

作者： Pearce, Annie R. Vanegas, Jorge A. Sustainable Facilities and Infrastructure Program Georgia Tech. Research Institute Atlanta GA 30332-0837 United States Construction Engineering and Management Program School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0355 United States

The literature on built environment sustainability has grown dramatically in the past 10 years. Despite the proliferation of literature, there is still no consensus on how comprehensively and uniformly to define the concept of sustainability as it pertains to the built environment, nor is there consensus on what aspects of the built environment should be considered in evaluating the sustainability of a built facility. This paper, through an evaluation of selected sources from the sustainability literature, takes a first step in systematically identifying what parameters of both the built environment and the concept of sustainability are emphasised in the existing literature on the topic. The outcome is a set of parameters that can be used in future research to begin uniformly and comprehensively to define sustainability as it applies to built facilities, using techniques such as concept mapping, content analysis, dendograms, and other established research methods. Copyright © 2002 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Sustainable development

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Defining sustainability for built environment systems: An operational framework

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International Journal of Environmental technology and Management 2002年第1-3期2卷 94-113页

One of the ongoing challenges in the quest to make our built environment more sustainable is defining what sustainability means in terms understandable to and measurable by built environment decision makers. This paper illustrates one approach to developing a comprehensive and exhaustive definition of sustainability for the built environment: deriving domain-specific variables from fundamental principles and constraints that govern how earth systems work. The paper uses the concept of systems to define characteristics and critical constraints of both the earth as a whole and built facilities in particular. These constraints provide a basis for identifying conditions which must be met in order for a built facility system to be sustainable. The contribution of the paper is a decision space based on required sustainability conditions that can be used to evaluate facility alternatives in terms of their relative sustainability. Copyright © 2002 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Sustainable development

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Effect of learning on line-of-balance scheduling

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International Journal of Project Management 2001年第5期19卷 265-277页

作者： Arditi, David Tokdemir, Onur Behzat Suh, Kangsuk Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering Construction Engineering and Management Program Illinois Institute of Technology 3201 South Dearborn Street Chicago IL 60616 United States

An approach to formulate learning rates and include them in line-of-balance (LOB) calculations is proposed in this paper. Learning rates are generated by modifying historical learning rates of typical construction activities and by incorporating the impact of relevant factors such as, number of operations in one unit, activity complexity, and job and management conditions. Fuzzy set theory is used to develop production rules to treat both factual and uncertain information. An S-type membership function is used to interpret the fuzzy data and produce adjustment factors that are in turn used to modify consecutive learning rates, until an adjusted learning rate is obtained. The adjusted learning rate is then used to calculate expected worker-hours and activity durations at each unit of production (e.g., a floor in a high-rise building, a mile of pavement work, etc.). A final LOB diagram is generated using this information. Different pairs of curves represent the start and the finish times of each activity in sets of units that make use of different numbers of crews. Learning reduces project duration and resource requirements. The proposed approach demonstrates the potential for formalizing the inclusion of learning effects into the LOB scheduling of repetitive-unit construction. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd and IPMA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Project management

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Effects of ground and classified fly ash on properties of high-performance concrete 5

Effects of ground and classified fly ash on properties of hi...

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2001 5th CANMET/ACI International Conference on Recent Advances in Concrete technology

作者： Patoary, M.K.H. Nimityongskul, P. Department of Civil Engineering National University of Singapore Structural Engineering and Construction Program School of Civil Engineering Asian Institute of Technology Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9780870310294

The investigation presented in this study shows an example of the improvements of fly ash fineness achieved by a physical process, air classification and a mechanical process, grinding. To make high-performance concrete, three different types of fly ash namely, original, air-classified, and ground fly ash, with different finenesses was used as cement replacement. The percentage replacement of cement by each type of fly ash was used as 0, I 0, IS and 20% by weight of cementing materials. Finally. the results were compared with silica fume concrete. The results showed that substitution of part of the cement with original or classified fly ash produces concrete mixtures with greater workability than the control as measured by slump and slump-flow. On the contrary, it was found that the ground fly ash, having more or less the same degree of fineness as classified fly ash resulted in a lower workability due to the loss of its spherical shape and lubricant effect. The inclusion of original fly ash reduced the early strength and this reduction was more significant with the increase of percentage replacements. Classified and ground fly ash improved the early strength. The long-term strength development of classified and ground fly ash concrete was found to be considerably higher than that of control concrete for all the percentage replacements. © 2001 American Concrete Institute. All rights reserved.

关键词： High performance concrete

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Effects of Airflow on VOC Emissions from "wet" Coating Materials: Experimental Measurements and Numerical simulation

Effects of Airflow on VOC Emissions from "wet" Coating Mater...

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ASHRAE 2001 Winter Meeting CD, Technical and Symposium Papers

作者： Yang, Xudong Chen, Qingyan Zeng, Jie Zhang, Jianshun Nong, Gang Shaw, Chia-Yu Department of Civil Engineering University of Miami Coral Gables FL Building Technology Program Massachusetts Inst. of Technology Cambridge MA Department of Mechanical Engineering Syracuse University Syracuse NY Indoor Environment Program Inst. for Research in Construction National Research Council of Canada Ottawa

The impact of airflow on volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from "wet" materials has long been noticed. However, a comprehensive mass transfer model that can predict such an impact has not been reported. The objective of this research was to fill that gap. First, we measured the VOC emissions of "wet" coating materials (a decane and a wood stain) using a small-scale (0.4 m3) and a full-scale (55 m3) environmental chamber under different airflow conditions. A numerical model was then developed to numerically simulate the wet material emissions. The model considers VOC mass transfer in the air and material-air interface, diffusion in the material film, and diffusion in the substrate. The results from experimental measurements indicate that local airflow has impacts on "wet" material emissions, especially during the early stage. The numerical model developed can predict emissions under different flow conditions with reasonable accuracy. Numerical simulations have further confirmed that the emissions from "wet" materials applied to an absorptive substrate are dominated by evaporation at the beginning and internal diffusion afterwards, which had been speculated based on previous experimental data: The numerical model has the potential to simulate "wet" material emissions in actual building environments based solely on the small-scale chamber data.

关键词： Coatings

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Patrol Craft Requirements and technology Predictions through 2020

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2002年第3期114卷 117-141页

作者： Overman, JP Cohen, SH Hoggard, MM Guilfoyle, J McKesson, CB Oakes, MC Scott, RJ JACK P. OVERMAN is currently working for CDI Government Services CDI Marine Group as a senior engineer in the Planning Department. He has over 40 years research design construction and engineering experience in the maritime industry. He earned his BS in metallurgical engineering N.C. State University 1962. Mr. Overman is an active member of SNAME and ASNE recently serving as chairman of the Small Craft Committee for SNAME. He is a registered professional engineer in Virginia. STEVEN H. COHEN has worked for the U. S. Coast Guard for 21 years. He recently became deputy program manager for the Coast Guard Integrated Deepwater Project. He formerly served as deputy project manager for the Coast Guard's Buoy Tender Replacement Projects. In prior assignments he was responsible for numerous Coast Guard cutter design and construction projects. He is a graduate of the State University of New York Maritime College (BE 1973) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MS 1975). MARK M. HOGGARD is head of the Combatant Craft Department Total Ship Systems Directorate NSWC Carderock Division. He is the Navy's chief naval architect and marine engineer for boats and craft with design authority and in-service engineering authority. Mr. Hoggard graduated from Old Dominion University in civil engineering and the University of Michigan in naval architecture and marine engineering. He has made significant personal contributions to the measurement and prediction of planing craft motions and added drag in a seaway. JACK GUILFOYLE has over forty years experience in marine engineering starting with operational service on steam ships in the U.S. Navy and merchant marine that formed a firm basis for entering the marine engineering design discipline. He is a graduate of the New York State Maritime College in marine engineering in 1954. After graduation he spent about five years at sea in the Navy and mer-chant marine. His design activity has included all phases of plant design from concept through detail. His prime achievement

In 1992 a paper was presented entitled "Patrol Craft Requirements and technology for the Next Century". This paper updates that information to 2001. Patrol craft have been and will continue to be a part of world wide naval and coast guard inventories for decades. Their unique capabilities and the budget constraints of many navies including the U.S. Navy highlight the need for small surface combatants in future naval activity. This paper surveys patrol craft from 100 to 2,000-tons displacement with speeds over 20 knots and presents the patrol craft technology in terms of platform configuration, combat systems, and hullmechanical-electrical systems. Evolving platform types and supporting technologies for the future are presented. The initial portion of the paper discusses patrol craft missions and markets based upon data for craft delivered since 1980. The trends for future patrol craft capabilities, design, construction, and operation are presented. The concluding portion of the paper discusses future opportunities for patrol craft design, construction, and for technology advancement of craft subsystems.

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The Berkeley project management process maturity model: Measuring the value of project management

The Berkeley project management process maturity model: Meas...

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IEEE engineering Management Society, EMS 2000

作者： Kwak, Young Hoon Ibbs, C. William Management Program Department of Management Science School of Business and Public Management George Washington University WashingtonDC2005 United States Construction Management and Management of Technology Program Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0780364422

The purpose of the Berkeley project management process maturity model and an associated assessment methodology is to help organizations and people accomplish higher and more sophisticated PM maturity by a systematic and incremental approach. It measures, locates, and compares an organization's current PM maturity level. The primary advantage of using this model and industries, whereas other maturity models have specific audiences like software development or new product development. The maturity model and assessment technique has already been used to benchmark PM practices and processes in 43 companies. With it, they have also identified relationships between levels of organizational effectiveness and actual project performance data. The model is continuously being refined to reflect advances in their PM knowledge. Some of the most recent improvements include evaluating replicability of project success, which is the focus of this paper and presentation. © 2000 IEEE.

关键词： Project management

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ELECTROEXPULSIVE SEPARATION SYSTEM SHIPBOARD APPLICATIONS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第5期102卷 55-66页

作者： EMBRY, GD ERSKINE, RW HASLIM, LA LOCKYER, RT MCDONOUGH, PT Gerald D. Embry:is a senior marine engineering specialist with Ingalls Shipbuilding Inc. in Pascagoula Mississippi. He earned his BS degree in mechanical engineering in 1961 at the University of Illinois. He has twenty-eight years experience in the ship design and construction field and has held several positions at Ingalls Shipbuilding ranging from engineering section manager to group manager of project engineering. He has held other responsible engineering positions at General Dynamics/Electric Boat and several consulting firms. He has been a registered professional engineer with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts since 1966 a member of ASNE since 1978 and a member of SNAME since 1968. Robert W. Erskine:is a naval architect specialist with Ingalls Shipbuilding Inc. in Pascagoula Mississippi. He earned a BSE in naval architecture and marine engineering in 1967 at the University of Michigan and an MBA in management in 1983 at the University of Southern Mississippi. He has 22 years of engineering and managerial experience in the Navy and in the commercial marine industry. Achievements during his 13 years with Ingalls include an Aegis Excellence A ward for his work on the CG-47 class cruiser program. He has also held responsible positions with ship operation and design consultant firms in New York City. He participated in the Bearing Sea trial described herein. He has been a member of ASNE since 1977 and a member of USNI since 1985. Leonard A. Haslim:is a program manager at NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field California. He has earned advanced degrees in chemistry mathematics and engineering from UCLA UC and Stanford. He has forty-five years experience in aerospace engineering including responsible research development and engineering positions with the U.S. Navy Lockheed Missile and Space Ford Aerospace NASA and as a consultant for Arthur D. Little Company. He holds several patents including the Electro-Expulsive Separation System for which he earned NASA's 1988 Inventor of the Year Award.

THE AUTHORS 6 ABSTRACT Shipboard weather deck ice removal is a laborious, time consuming, dangerous task. The current operational scenario consists of sailors wielding hickory baseball bats. This paper describes a viable alternative, the Electro-Expulsive Separation System (EESS), originally developed by NASA. EESS technology has been designed to remove ice from aircraft surfaces. Developmental testing, which led to acceptance of this new device, is discussed together with its theory of operation. The resultant aircraft applications are described. The need to adapt this aircraft technology for shipboard applications is recognized by the Navy, the Coast Guard, the State of Alaska, and the commercial shipbuilding industry. Fishing vessels risk sinking every winter due to excessive ice accumulation on their decks and superstructure. Navy and Coast Guard cold water operations have been hampered for centuries due to severe ice accumulation during inclement weather. With the encouragement and cooperation of the State of Alaska, an EESS test program was formulated and subsequently conducted aboard an Alaskan Resources vessel in the Bering Sea. This testing is described, with lessons learned. Future test programs are identified, requisite for successful adaptation of this technology to combat and commercial shipboard applications.

关键词： Ships

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