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2nd International Conference on Disaster and Management 2020, ICDM 2020

作者： Saputra, P.D. Rahmawati, C. Purnomo, K.S.H. Larosa, E. Nurhasanah Military Building Construction Engineering Study Program Faculty of Military Engineering Indonesia Defense University Bogor Indonesia Industrial Engineering Department Faculty of Industrial Technology Universitas Dirgantara Marsekal Suryadarma Jakarta Indonesia Master of Management Program Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta Yogyakarta Indonesia Mechanical Engineering Education Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Yogyakarta Indonesia Civil Engineering Study Program School of Engineering and Technology Tanri Abeng University Jakarta Indonesia

There are so many areas in Indonesia that are prone to landslides. Bogor is the regency with the most frequent landslides. Therefore, high community preparedness is needed to deal with the landslide, especially at the household level because it is the spearhead of preparedness and influence disaster risk. The objective of this research is to measure and analyze the level of household preparedness for facing landslide. The location of this research is in Cibadak Village, Bogor regency where a landslide disaster had happened. This is a quantitative research. The number of the samples were 100 household. Data collection was done by surveying samples and distributing questionnaires. The data would be analyzed with descriptive analysis, and the results of level of household preparedness would be categorized to five levels which were very prepared (80-100), prepared (65-79), almost prepared (55-64), less prepared (40-54), and not prepared (0-39). The results of the research are the average index value of Knowledge and Attitude (KA) parameter is 66.77, Emergency Planning (EP) parameter is 52.24, Warning System (WS) parameter is 64.80, Resources Mobilization Capacity (RMC) parameter is 51.25 and the level of household preparedness for facing landslide is 59.26 or and it is significant at the almost prepared level. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Landslides

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SUSTAINABLE USE OF WASTE GLASS IN PAVEMENT SYSTEMS- REVIEW, LIMITATIONS AND POTENTIAL APPLICATION

Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management

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Journal of Solid Waste technology and Management 2021年第2期47卷 235-251页

作者： Solanki, Pranshoo Sancheti, Gaurav Singh, Saurabh Construction Management Program Department of Technology College of Applied Science and Technology Illinois State University Campus Box 5100 NormalIL61790 United States Department of Civil Engineering Manipal University Jaipur Dehmi Kalan Rajasthan Jaipur303007 India Department of Marketing and Entrepreneurship College of Business Administration Kent State University KentOH44240 United States

Transportation sector due to increased pavement lengths is one of main sources of greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption. With increased environmental awareness and focus on recycling, many studies used recycled material in pavement systems to implement the sustainability. The recycling of waste glass in pavement systems has attracted much interest worldwide due to increased disposal costs. As a pavement material, waste glass could be used as an aggregate substitute in Portland cement concrete, asphalt mixtures and base/sub-base courses. When finely ground, glass can also be used as supplementary cementitious material for substituting partial cement. This paper reviews the different uses of waste glass in pavement systems and the effect of the glass properties on the performance of pavement materials. This review compared the test results reported by different researchers and discusses limitations of using recycled glass in pavement systems along with potential applications. Further, many aspects of the local markets were found to be supportive of diverting recycled glass to concrete products, however, the cost of glass milling and the limited use of concrete products containing glass locally make such diversion uneconomical at the present time. The findings from this review study are expected to advance knowledge in recycling waste glass in pavement systems and offer an effective technique for diverting a large amount of waste glass from landfills. © 2021 Widener University School of civil engineering. All rights reserved.

关键词： Glass

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Characterization of Binder, Mastic, and Fam Film Thickness within Asphalt Concrete Mixtures

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： de Souza, Thiago Delgado Enríquez-León, Alexis Jair Mesquita, Andressa Rosa da Fonseca Martins Gomes, Otávio Ulsen, Carina Underwood, Benjamin Shane Aragão, Francisco Thiago Sacramento Civil Engineering Program - COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro21941-596 Brazil Transportation Engineering Program - COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro21941-596 Brazil Center for Mineral Technology - CETEM Rio de Janeiro21941-908 Brazil Mining and Petroleum Engineering Program - POLI-USP Universidade of São Paulo São Paulo05508-010 Brazil Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering Program North Carolina State University Raleigh27695-7908 United States

Aggregate particles within an asphalt mixture are coated in a thin film of binder. Several studies and even mix design procedures have been based on an implied correlation between the binder film thickness (BFT) and the mechanical properties of these mixtures. Those studies generally define the BFT based on a predictive equation linked to one or more theoretical considerations, but without direct experimental determination of the BFT. However, recent developments of powerful scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) and digital image processing (DIP) techniques allow one to perform detailed analysis of microstructural images and thus directly measure the BFT value. This paper presents an analysis of BFT and mastic film thickness (MFT) within asphalt concrete (AC) mixtures using high-resolution SEM images and DIP. Based on this methodology, the measured mean BFT and MFT values ranged from 5.6 µm to 10.8 µm, and from 20.8 µm to 28.2 µm, respectively. Additionally, a BFT analysis considering fine aggregate matrix (FAM) phase within the ACs was pursued. A criterion to obtain FAM BFT is proposed and it can be useful in volumetric FAM mix design and sample fabrication. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Film thickness

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Investigations of the Relationships Between Supervision Types and Man-Hours for Private construction Projects

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Journal of the Chinese Institute of civil and Hydraulic engineering 2021年第7期33卷 473-481页

作者： Liu, Wei-Chieh Wang, Kun-Chi Wang, Wei-Chih Program of Engineering Technology and Management National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Department of Civil and Construction Engineering Chaoyang University of Technology Taichung413310 Taiwan Dept. of Civil Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan

During the execution process of construction projects, supervision units often encounter sudden changes during the progress of construction. However, because general supervision man-hours are usually arranged in a flat manner, and it is normally without a response mechanism, it easily leads to final cost increases or surplus manpower. Using private projects as cases, this study adopts the concept of accumulated man-hours to establish a model that allows man-hours and construction progress to correspond with each other, so as to facilitate instant responses by the supervision units and manage the distribution of man-hour costs effectively. Finally, this research presents a Supervisory Strategy Model for Man-hours. This research is mainly divided into four parts. The first part defines the role of supervision according to laws, contracts, construction management systems and supervision unit organization. The second part divides types of supervision into four categories of continuous supervision, intermittent- inspection supervision, periodic supervision, and statutory-inspection supervision. The third part applies a case analysis to establish the corresponding relationship of the cumulative man-hours of supervision and the cumulative progress of a project, as well as to integrate the relationship between the man-hours and construction progress of the supervision business by merging the characteristics of the project timeline. The fourth part constructs a reasonable and safe strategy model that allows active control of the cumulative input ratio of man-hours, so as to facilitate the reasonable allocation and supervision of the total man-hours. © 2021, Chinese Institute of civil and Hydraulic engineering. All right reserved.

关键词： Project management

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Influence of concrete compressive strength on the debonding failure of externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymers

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Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation 2021年第1期6卷 1-15页

作者： Garcez, Mônica Regina Rohden, Abrahão Bernardo Meneghetti, Leila Cristina Gravina, Rebecca Civil Engineering Post-Graduation Program: Construction and Infrastructure Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul Av. Osvaldo Aranha 99 7th floor room 706 Porto Alegre 90035-190 RS Brazil Environmental Engineering Post-Graduation Program Regional University of Blumenau Blumenau SC Brazil Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering University of São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil Department of Civil and Infrastructure Engineering Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology Melbourne VIC Australia

This paper investigates the interactions between externally bonded FRP and high strength concrete substrate in small scale reinforced concrete beams strengthened with CFRP. The bond mechanism was assessed through beam-tests adapted from ASTM, designed to simulate normal and shear stresses induced at the FRP/concrete interface. The beams were 600 mm long, with a square 150 mm × 150 mm cross-section, two 5 mm steel reinforcing bars, 6.3 mm steel stirrups spaced 75 mm apart, one single layer of externally bonded CFRP, and concrete compressive strength of 30 MPa, 50 MPa, 80 MPa, or 90 MPa. The mechanisms of damage initiation and debonding propagation showed to be highly dependent on the load transferring and the stress redistribution after concrete cracking. The use of high concrete compressive strength affected the pre-cracking response, the stress transfer, and the overall ductility at failure, resulting in a less effective FRP strengthening scheme. For service conditions, the strains in the FRP were lower, the higher the concrete compressive strength. The FRP strains at failure were below the maximum strain level to avoid intermediate crack-induced debonding determined according to current design standards. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Beam test CFRP Compressive strength Concrete Debonding Intermediate crack

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Dem Simulation on the Damage of Sandstone with a Rough Fracture Under True-Triaxial Stress Conditions

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhang, Decheng Liu, Zhiwei Song, Yuqi Huang, Jicheng Wu, Bailin Ranjith, P.G. Perera, M.S.A. Kong, Lie Nie, Wen School of Civil and Transportation Engineering Hebei University of Technology Tianjin China Deep Earth Energy Laboratory Department of Civil Engineering Monash University VIC3800 Australia Jiangsu Leiwei Construction Engineering Co. Ltd. China Railway Shanghai Bureau Group Nanjing210003 China Energy Resources Research Program CSIRO Energy ClaytonVIC3168 Australia Department of Infrastructure Engineering University of Melbourne VIC3010 Australia James Watt School of Engineering University of Glasgow GlasgowG12 8QQ United Kingdom

A numerical study was conducted on the damage behaviors of sandstone specimens with an embedded rough fracture under triaxial stress conditions. The discrete element method was used to study the deformation and cracking characteristics, and the effects of triaxial stress state, fracture width and inclination angle on the mechanical properties were also investigated. The results are as follows: (1) The strength of fractured rock decreased with the increase of fracture width ratio and the yield stress under conventional triaxial stress is higher than those under true triaxial tests with the same mean confinement;(2) For fractured rock models with small width ratios (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6), the strength increases as the fracture angle turning towards the principal stress direction. The shear damaged bond ratio decreased with the increase of confining pressure when [[EQUATION]], while its ratio increased slightly with the fracture angle when[[EQUATION]];(3) For the large-width fractured rock model with a width ratio 1.0, the strength first decreased and then increased with the increasing inclination angle. At inclination angles of 0° and 30°, damage first occurred near fracture surface, then it propagated along the diagonal direction, and the ratios of bond damage caused by tension and shear failure were almost equal. While the shear damaged bond ratio was much higher than that by tension at inclination angles of 60° and 90°. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sandstone

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New Technique to Determine Initial Printable Time of 3d Printing Fiber Cement Mortar

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Sukontasukkul, Piti Maho, Buchit Khomkum, Sila Pianfuengfoo, Satharat Zhang, Hexin Yoo, Dooyeol Tangchirapat, Weerachart Sae-Long, Worathep Limkatanyu, Suchart Construction and Building Materials Research Center Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon Thailand School of Engineering and the Built Environment Edinburgh Napier University Edinburgh United Kingdom Department of Architectural Engineering Hanyang University Seongdong-gu Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi Bangkok Thailand Civil Engineering Program School of Engineering University of Phayao Phayao Thailand Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Campus Songkla Thailand

In this study, a new technique was proposed to precisely determine the initial printable time as well as the initial width and height of printed cement mortar filament. For cement printing application, it is essential to determine the initial printable time correctly to begin the printing process with minimum or no layer deformation or strain. A conventional method requires a series of printed filaments at different time intervals to estimate the initial printable time. A more precise initial printable time can be obtained by narrowing down the time interval, but it also requires a larger number of printing filaments. The technique proposed in this study utilizes a mathematical relationship between width (or height) versus time obtained from printing a number of filaments at a given time slot and, by employing a derivative method, a more precise initial printable time corresponding to each mortar type can be determined. The obtained initial printable time can also be used in determining the expected initial width and height of each mortar type. There were two types of mortars being investigated: plain mortar and fiber reinforced mortar (FRM) with three different volume fractions. The results showed that the initial printable time obtained using the proposed technique is highly precise, as seen by the resemblance between the expected and actual initial widths. In general, the FRM yielded smaller initial printable times than plain mortar, and the initial printable time also decreased from 72.5 to 58.5 minutes with the increasing fiber content from 0 to 0.1% by volume. Using the difference between the accumulate expected and actual heights, the layer strain for each mortar was obtained. Again, FRM exhibited a smaller layer strain than plain mortar due to the support provided by the fibers. In terms of strength, the printed specimens exhibited lower compressive strength (by about 11-13%) but higher flexural strength (by about 14 -29%) than the cast specimens for both pl

关键词： Mortar

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Intensifying intermittent aeration for optimizing nutrient and hormone removal in vertical-flow constructed wetlands filled with aerated concrete

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Chemosphere 2025年 370卷 143941页

作者： Donato, Mayra Alves de Oliveira Souza, Adelania Pacheco, Amanda de Carvalho Silva, Lucas Svenar, Silvana Nagalli, André Passig, Fernando Hermes Brasil Bernardelli, Jossy Karla Querne de Carvalho, Karina - Civil Engineering Graduate Program. Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado St. 5000 Ecoville Paraná Curitiba81280-340 Brazil – Environmental Sciences and Technology Graduate Program. Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado St. 5000 Ecoville Paraná Curitiba81280-340 Brazil - Civil Construction Academic Department Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado St. 5000 Ecoville Paraná Curitiba81280-340 Brazil - Biology and Chemistry Academic Department. Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado St. 5000 Ecoville Paraná Curitiba81280-340 Brazil

Operational strategies have been applied in constructed wetlands to optimize the removal of nutrients and hormones that are still a concern in wastewater treatment. The strategy of intensifying intermittent aeration was investigated in two microcosm-scale vertical-flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) planted with Eichhornia crassipes onto autoclaved aerated concrete (AC) in the removal of nutrients, estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2). CW-1 (2.4 LO2 min−1) and CW-2 (1.4 LO2 min−1) were fed with synthetic wastewater in sequencing-batch mode (cycles 48-48-72 h) and intermittently aerated for 1 h, followed by 7 h without aeration for 377 days. Combined with the intensification strategy, the use of planted free-floating macrophytes and concrete-based material (emergent) as filtering media stand out as the innovation and originality aspects of this study. Despite the hormone addition, intensifying aeration enhanced the efficiencies since CW-1 achieved the highest removals with 91% COD, 77% TN, 74% TAN, 60% nitrate, and 97% TP in Stage I (no hormone addition) and 90% COD, 80% TN, 93% TAN, 63% nitrate, and 82% TP in Stage II (with hormone addition). CW-1 achieved the highest removal efficiencies of E1 (84%), E2 (95%), and EE2 (73%). Conversely, the efficiencies decreased under the lower aeration rate (in CW-2) for all parameters. Macrophyte uptake and adsorption stood out for TN (>60.25%) and TP (>27.6%) removal as the main mechanisms in the VFCWs. The characteristics of AC favored ion exchange and precipitation, reinforcing the potential of this material as filtering media in VFCWs. Intensification of intermittent aeration combined with hormone addition diverse and riched the microbial community with the presence of Thauera, Lentimicrobium (denitrification), Candidatus Accumulibacter (phosphorus removal), Pseudomonas, Fusibacter, and Azoarcus (EE2 degradation). Intensifying intermittent aeration was an important strategy to enhance the simultaneou

关键词： Wastewater treatment

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Metal-Doped Carbon-Supported/Modified Titanate Nanotubes for Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Degradation in Water：Effects of Preparation Conditions, Mechanisms, and Parameter Optimization

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Zhu, Yangmo Xu, Tianyuan Zhao, Dongye Environmental Engineering Program Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Auburn University AuburnAL36849 United States School of Resource and Geosciences China University of Mining and Technology Jiangsu Xuzhou221116 China Department of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Drive San DiegoCA92182 United States

Metal-doped, activated carbon (AC) supported titanate nanotubes (Me/TNTs@AC) have been shown promising for photocatalytic degradation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). However, the preparation recipe of these adsorptive photocatalysts has not yet been optimized in terms of type and content of precursor materials and the metal dopants as well as synthesizing conditions. To address this knowledge gap, we prepared TNTs@AC based on a commercial TiO2 and six different ACs at varying AC:TiO2 ratios and under different hydrothermal conditions. In addition, a suite of dopant metal ions, including Fe3+, Bi3+, Ga3+, In3+, Co2+, Cu2+, and Mn2+, were compared to gauge their effect on the material photoactivity. Moreover, the effect of the calcination temperature was also tested. The photocatalytic performance of Me/TNTs@AC was evaluated based on their effectiveness in defluorination of pre-sorbed perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) after 4-h UV irradiation. Based on the experimental results, the highest photocatalytic mineralization efficiency (66.2%) of PFOS was achieved using Ga/TNTs@AC prepared under the following conditions: Filtrosorb-400® = 50 wt.%, Ga = 2 wt.%, hydrothermal treatment temperature = 130 ℃, hydrothermal duration = 72 h, and calcination temperature = 550 ℃. To understand the underlying mechanisms, selected materials were characterized via X-ray diffraction, the BET surface area and pore volume, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrometry, and photoluminescence. The results revealed that the superior photoactivity of Ga/TNTs@AC is attributed to the Ga-facilitated formation of pure crystallized anatase phase during the calcination, high UV light absorption, formation of microscale hybrid AC-anatase-Ga phases, and oxygen defects induced by Ga3+. The information can facilitate preparation and optimization of composite photocatalysts for efficient adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of PFAS in water. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Activated carbon

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Thermal perception in a room with radiant cooling panels coupled to a roof pond 35

Thermal perception in a room with radiant cooling panels cou...

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35th PLEA Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture Planning Post Carbon Cities, PLEA 2020

作者： Fernandes, Leandro Krüger, Eduardo Erell, Evyatar Postgraduate Program in Civil Construction Federal University of Paraná Curitiba Brazil Postgraduate Program in Civil Engineering Federal University of Technology - Paraná Curitiba Brazil Dept. of Geography and Environmental Development Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beersheba Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9788497497947

Roof ponds (RP) can promote comfortable thermal conditions, particularly in single-storey buildings. They allow structural cooling or heating and stabilization of surface and air temperatures. When coupled to radiant panels cooled by the exposed pond, they can further improve their thermal performance. However, there is a lack of research on RPs focusing on the thermal perception of users indoors. The main objective of this study was to evaluate empirically under hot dry summer conditions the thermal perceptions of volunteer participants in an indoor environment conditioned by a system composed of radiant panels coupled to a RP. We also sought to assess the applicability of the PMV model and the passive building models of ASHRAE Standard 55 and EN-15251 under these conditions, through comparison with subjective thermal votes reported by the study participants. In a test building at Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Israel, a sample of 46 participants found a room cooled only by a RP. Thermal votes showed more agreement with the PMV and EN-15251 models than with the ASHRAE model. © 2020 PLEA 2020 - 35th PLEA Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture Planning Post Carbon Cities, Proceedings. All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Roofs

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