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The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels (vol 400, pg 1619, 2022)

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LANCET 2022年第10365期400卷 1766-1766页

作者： Romanello, M. Di Napoli, C. Drummond, P. Institute for Global Health University College London London UK School of Agriculture Policy and Development University of Reading Reading UK Institute for Sustainable Resources University College London London UK Department of Global Health Centre for Health and the Global Environment University of Washington Seattle WA USA UCL Energy Institute University College London London UK Department of Health Sciences University of York York UK Department of Meteorology University of Reading Reading UK Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction University College London London UK School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds Leeds UK Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK School of Population Health University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing China Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change Berlin Germany Department of Environment Climate Change and Health World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland Institute of Environmental Sciences University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit Department of Public Health & Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK School of Government University of Birmingham Birmingham UK Economic Analysis of Climate Impacts and Policy Division Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici Venice Italy Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering University College London London UK Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich London UK Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Yale Center on Climate Change and Health Yale University New Haven CT USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Northeastern University Boston MA USA Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA Department of Geography University College London London UK NU

With advancements in the science of detection and attribution studies, the influence of climate change over many events has now been quantified. Because of the rapidly increasing temperatures, vulnerable populations (adults older than 65 years, and children younger than one year of age) were exposed to 3·7 billion more heatwave days in 2021 than annually in 1986–2005 (indicator 1.1.2), and heat-related deaths increased by 68% between 2000–04 and 2017–21 (indicator 1.1.5), a death toll that was significantly exacerbated by the confluence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the local cooling and overall health benefits of urban greenspaces, only 277 (27%) of 1038 global urban centres were at least moderately green in 2021 (indicator 2.2.3), and the number of households with air conditioning increased by 66% from 2000 to 2020, a maladaptive response that worsens the energy crisis and further increases urban heat, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. [...]millions of people do not have access to the energy needed to keep their homes at healthy temperatures, preserve food and medication, and meet the seventh Sustainable Development Goal (to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all). Aggravating this situation even further, governments continue to incentivise fossil fuel production and consumption: 69 (80%) of 86 countries reviewed had net-negative carbon prices (ie, provided a net subsidy to fossil fuels) for a net total of US$400 billion

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Application of entrapped nano zero valent iron into cellulose acetate membranes for domestic wastewater treatment

Application of entrapped nano zero valent iron into cellulos...

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Environmental Aspects, Applications and Implications of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology 2017 - Topical Conference at the 2017 AIChE Annual Meeting

作者： Mostafa, Mohamed K. Mahmoud, Ahmed S. SaryEl-Deen, Rasha A. Peters, Robert W. Environmental Engineering Program Zewail City of Science and Technology Giza Egypt Giza Egypt Department of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering University of Alabama at Birmingham BirminghamAL United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510857803

Nowadays, nanotechnology and filtration using membranes have proven to be effective in wastewater treatment. Nanoparticles are highly reactive and effective redox and anti-microbial materials, while membrane filtration techniques reduce wastewater contaminants throughout the filtration process in an economical and fast manner. This study merges membrane technology and nanotechnology together through preparation of entrapped nano Zero Valent Iron (nZVI) into cellulose acetate (CA) membranes. The prepared nZVI was characterized by XRD and UV spectrophotometer, while the prepared membrane was characterized by measuring the water content, chemical compatibility, oil resistance, and membrane strength. The prepared membrane was tested for domestic wastewater treatment at different operating parameters pH, entrapped nZVI dose, and different flow rates. The efficiency of treatment was evaluated according to the reduction in turbidity, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), ammonia, nitrate, total solids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), and iron concentrations. The associated reductions were recorded as 92, 70, 69, 80, 73, 37, 33, 36, 28, 77 and 64%, respectively for pH between 7 and 8 using nZVI dosage of 0.2 g/100 mL CA and a flow rate of 100 mL/min. This technique is more economical and efficient than the conventional technique. © 2017 AIChE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Wastewater treatment

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The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: code red for a healthy future (vol 398, pg 1619, 2021)

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LANCET 2021年第10317期398卷 2148-2148页

作者： Romanello, M. McGushin, A. Di Napoli, C. [a]Institute for Global Health University College London London UK [b]Institute for Sustainable Resources University College London London UK [c]UCL Energy Institute University College London London UK [d]Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering University College London London UK [e]Department of Geography University College London London UK [f]The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction University College London London UK [g]Centre for Human Health and Performance University College London London UK [h]School of Agriculture Policy and Development University of Reading Reading UK [i]Department of Meteorology University of Reading Reading UK [j]The Walker Institute University of Reading Reading UK [k]Department of Health Sciences University of York York UK [l]Institute for Environment and Human Security United Nations University Bonn Germany [m]Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK [n]Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK [o]Department of Public Health Environments and Society London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK [p]Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing China [q]Department of Environment Climate Change and Health World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland [r]Institute for Environmental Sciences World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland [s]Centre for Climate Change and Social Transformations School of Psychology Cardiff University Cardiff UK [t]Yale Center on Climate Change and Health Yale University New Haven CT USA [u]School of Government University of Birmingham Birmingham UK [v]Economic analysis of Climate Impacts and Policy Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici Venice Italy [w]Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich London UK [x]Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA USA [y]Centre for He

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IMPACTS OF construction RISKS ON COSTS IN LEED-CERTIFIED PROJECTS

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Journal of Green Building 2016年第4期11卷 163-181页

作者： Asli Pelin Gurgun David Arditi Pablo Casals Vilar Department of Civil Engineering Yildiz Technical UniversityDavutpasa Campus34220IstanbulTurkey. Construction Engineering and Management Program Illinois Institute of TechnologyDepartment of CivilArchitectural and Environmental EngineeringAlumni Memorial HallRoom 229ChicagoIL 60616USA. Construction Engineering and Management Program Illinois Institute of TechnologyDepartment of CivilArchitectural and Environmental Engineering IL60616USA

construction according to green principles rather than traditional methods poses a new set of risks to project *** risks should be appropriately identified and managed in order to prevent cost *** study aims to identify construction risks and their cost impacts in LEED-certified *** this purpose,thirteen risks were identified based on a literature survey and were categorized under four groups of issues:(i)consultant,contractor and subcon-tractor,(ii)material,product and process,(iii)legal,regulatory and contractual,and(iv)financial and economic.A survey was then administered to green build-ing design and construction practitioners in the *** assess the likelihood of occurrence of these risks and their respective impacts on project *** to the survey results,the risks associated with consultant,contractor and subcon-tractor issues have the highest expected impact on *** top five risk factors were determined as(1)contractors and subcontractors agreeing to standards that are not within their expertise and competence,(2)high cost of certification,(3)lack of expertise in new products/technologies,(4)doubts about the long-term viability and performance of new and untested products,materials and tech-nologies,and(5)inadequate definition of project parties’contractual roles and *** the cost impact of risks is of great value to owners and designers and *** the risks associated with LEED-certified projects and their cost impacts can be of benefit to all practitioners.

关键词： green construction LEED certification risk cost green risk management

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Non-destructive evaluation of a city roadway for pavement rehabilitation: A case study

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International Journal of Pavement Research and technology 2017年第7期11卷 667-678页

作者： Chao, Chien-Chiao Lin, Deng-Fong Luo, Huan-Lin Wang, Yu-Kai Lo, Wei Ph. D. Program in Engineering Science and Technology College of Engineering National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung City Taiwan Department of Civil and Ecological Engineering I-Shou University Kaohsiung City Taiwan Department of Construction Engineering National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung City Taiwan

In this study, a pavement evaluation was carried out on a corridor that carried heavy truck traffic, connecting a harbor, a major high-way, an airport, and industries. The pavement of the corridor was distressed frequently, requiring constant maintenance. With tight maintenance budget and intention to minimize the effects on traffic, full reconstruction or major rehabilitation of the corridor was not practical. To develop proper pavement rehabilitation design within the practical constrains, pavement evaluation was performed in this study using non-destructive techniques, such as visual condition survey, falling weight deflectometer (FWD), ground penetrating radar (GPR), and dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP), and pavement coring. It is demonstrated that appropriate pavement rehabilitation design can be developed to offer practical solution to the repair/maintenance for city streets. © 2017 Chinese Society of Pavement engineering.

关键词： Ground penetrating radar systems

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A flipped classroom approach to teaching transportation engineering 123

A flipped classroom approach to teaching transportation engi...

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123rd ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition

作者： Karabulut-Ilgu, Aliye Yao, Suhan Savolainen, Peter Tarmo Jahren, Charles T. Iowa State University Department of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering United States Iowa State University Curriculum and Instructional Technology Master Program United States

The flipped classroom approach has gained increasing popularity in higher education, particularly in STEM fields. In flipped learning, part or all of direct instruction is delivered through online videos and other media, and the class time is used for engaging students in collaborative, hands-on activities. In order to utilize the benefits of this novel teaching approach, a junior-level, introduction to transportation engineering course was converted into a flipped format. This study, conducted in a major Midwestern university, will present the results of a mixed-method evaluation investigating the effectiveness of the flipped classroom approach. Quantitative data included a pre-course survey, a post-course survey. Qualitative data, on the other hand, included video recordings of in-class sessions and end-of-semester focus group interviews. Analysis of the results indicated students benefited from the flipped classroom approach although it entailed some challenges for both faculty and students. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made for engineering education researchers and practitioners. © American Society for engineering Education, 2016.

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Auralization as a tool to study threshold perception of spatial Impression 44

Auralization as a tool to study threshold perception of spat...

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44th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control engineering, INTER-NOISE 2015

作者： Maiorino, Alexandre Virginelli Bertoli, Stelamaris Rolla Graduate Program of Architecture Technology and City School of Civil Engineering Architecture and Urban Design University of Campinas - UNICAMP Brazil Department of Architecture and Construction School of Civil Engineering Architecture and Urban Design University of Campinas - UNICAMP Brazil

technology advances in computer simulation such as auralization has brought a new perspective in acoustic research. The possibility to simulate a space, play a sound source and listen to the result made possible to open new frontiers on subjective evaluation of acoustics environments. As part of a PhD in Architecture, focused in acoustics, this paper intends to investigate the feasibility of using auralization to study the threshold of perception of spatialization, specifically regarding early reflections. A research on the subject made by Barron and Marshall in the 80's was virtually reproduced with the addition of different sound sources such as solo voice, solo cello and two orchestra samples in order to investigate if sound source would have an influence on threshold perception. An anechoic chamber with speakers reproducing direct sound and early reflections at different delays was simulated on software EASE 4.3 from AFMG. A jury analyzed auralized sounds of the different sound sources. Results showed a good correlation with Barron and Marshall's research and that the type of sound source did not make a difference on the threshold perception. It also showed that auralization is a valuable tool for the research of threshold perception and possibly for just noticeable difference perception. © 2015 by ASME.

关键词： Acoustic generators

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Field investigations of the sound insulation performance in a brazilian public school building 44

Field investigations of the sound insulation performance in ...

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44th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control engineering, INTER-NOISE 2015

作者： Da Rocha, Rafaella Estevão Maiorino, Alexandre Virginelli Dias, Lilian Lima Smiderle, Roberta Bertoli, Stelamaris Rolla Graduate Program Architecture Technology and City School of Civil Engineering Architecture and Urban Design University of Campinas - UNICAMP 951 Albert Einstein Ave Campina- SP13083-970 Brazil Departament of Architeture and Construction School do Civil Engineering Architecture and Urban Design University of Campinas - UNICAMP 951 Albert Einstein Ave Campinas - SP13083-970 Brazil

Current practice in schools building design is based essentially on three classroom types, the joint ones, the open plan one and the traditional separated ones. Attending national regulation, Brazilian public schools adopt the separated classrooms and therefore should provide an ideal building acoustic insulation performance to assure speech intelligibility. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of measured acoustical parameters in a Brazilian school with the FDE Brazilian directive and the British Building Bulletin 93. Building acoustic insulation performance parameters measured were facade sound insulation, vertical and horizontal airborne sound insulation in two different types of classroom and impact sound insulation. Measurements were according ISO16283-1, ISO717-1 and ISO717-2. Results showed that in all aspects the studied classroom does not comply with recommendations of any of the compared directives. The Brazilian directive also presents very few acoustics recommendations regarding insulation requirements, resulting in a low effectiveness regarding sound control and acoustic comfort. © 2015 by ASME.

关键词： Sound insulation

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Evaluation of LEED Requirements for Site Properties in Developing Country-Specific Certification

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Procedia engineering 2015年 118卷 1169-1176页

作者： Ruveyda Komurlu Asli Pelin Gurgun David Arditi Kocaeli University Department of Architecture Kocaeli Turkey Yildiz Technical University Department of Civil Engineering Istanbul Turkey Illinois Institute of Technology Construction Engineering and Management Program Chicago IL USA

construction activities are strongly affected by the properties of the site. Site conditions direct the investment decision and development approach. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), the most widely used certification system around the world, covers site properties with two sections, i.e., Location and Transportation, and Sustainable Sites. These two sections in LEED v4 NC add up to 42 points, which corresponds to approximately 33.3% of the total points that a building can receive. Issues such as neighborhood development location, sensitive land protection, high priority site, surrounding density and diverse uses, access to quality transit, bicycle facilities, reduced parking footprint, and green vehicles that are treated in the Location and Transportation section have different priorities and implications in developing countries. Similarly, issues such as pollution prevention, site assessment, site development - protect or restore habitat, open space, rainwater management, heat island reduction, and light pollution reduction that are treated in the Sustainable Sites section are based largely on local practices and standards, and therefore offer different challenges. In this study, these two sections of LEED v4 NC are assessed relative to practices in developing countries. A comparative review of the topics is performed by means of a thorough literature survey. It is expected that the outcome of the study will provide guidance to professionals in selected developing countries towards improvement of the existing state and practices.

关键词： Developing Countries LEED Sustainable Sites Location and Transportation.

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Review of the LEED Category in Materials and Resources for Developing Countries

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Procedia engineering 2015年 118卷 1145-1152页

作者： Asli Pelin Gurgun Ruveyda Komurlu David Arditi Yildiz Technical University Department of Civil Eng. Davutapasa Campus Esenler Istanbul 34220 Turkey Kocaeli University Department of Architecture Kocaeli 41300 Turkey Illinois Institute of Technology Construction Engineering and Management Program Chicago USA

Material selection in sustainable projects affects the environment a great deal. Selected materials gain importance as they can contaminate the environment and can produce waste during construction. Use of limited resources has also environmental impacts. Thus, considering sustainable materials in the projects and appropriate consumption of available resources are important for sustainability considerations. The danger of running out of resources and the consequences of contamination of the habitat point out to the importance of green building certification systems. Issues such as storage and collection of recyclables, waste management planning, PBT source reduction, sourcing of raw materials, material ingredients, and design for flexibility that are treated in this category are difficult to implement in developing countries, mainly because they are based on local practices. The use of materials and resources accounts approximately for 11% of the points a building can receive for LEED v4 certification. However, the use of LEED in countries other than the U.S. can be controversial as local conditions are effective in earning credentials required for certification. This study aims to review the “materials and resources” category of LEED. Comparison of local practices in selected developing countries is made based on credits in this category to provide guidelines for green projects in those countries. It is expected that practitioners in developing countries will benefit from the outcome of this study.

关键词： Sustainability LEED Developing countries Sustainable materials

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