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IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference

作者： Juliene dos Santos Davi Muniz Francisco Auriberto Ferreira Marques Junior Cleonilson Protasio De Souza William De Paiva Post-Graduate Program of Electrical Engineering Federal University of Paraíba João Pessoa PB Brazil Post-Graduate Program of Environmental Science and Technology State University of Paraíba Campina Grande PB Brazil Department of Electrical Engineering Federal University of Paraíba João Pessoa PB Brazil Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering State University of Paraíba João Pessoa PB Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798350380903

ISBN: (纸本)9798350380910

Biogas generated from urban solid waste degradation in landfills is composed of various types of gases, some of them are very toxic and harmful to the health of both humans and animals, and contribute directly to global warming as well. In this way, the monitoring of biogas concentration in landfills and their surroundings is very important because this can assess the air contamination around landfills, as well as to propose means to minimize it. In this work, an electronic nose for gas identification and measurement of gases present in landfill biogas using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is introduced. The ANN training data have been collected by the developed electronic nose, which consisted on a set of low-cost gas sensors and on a signal acquisition system controlled by the LabViewsoftware. After the ANN training, a neural architecture has been obtained and implemented in a microcontrolled digital system to measure different gas concentrations, mainly, methane. The main results of the proposed ANN-based Electronic Nose show that it was possible to measure the gases concentrations, with RMSE less than 1%, for the most of target gases, confirming the accuracy of the developed system.

关键词： Gases Semiconductor device measurement Accuracy Landfills Artificial neural networks Electronic noses Biogas

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Moisture availability and microbial activation in spacecraft 70

Moisture availability and microbial activation in spacecraft

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70th International Astronautical Congress, IAC 2019

作者： Bope, Ashleigh Haines, Sarah R. Nastasi, Nicholas Horack, John M. Meyer, Marit E. Dannemiller, Karen C. Environmental Sciences Graduate Program Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Department of Civil Environmental and Geodetic Engineering College of Engineering Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Division of Environmental Health Sciences College of Public Health Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering College of Engineering and John Glenn College of Public Affairs Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States NASA Glenn Research Center ClevelandOH44135 United States

We spend much of our time in built environments where we are continually exposed to microorganisms. Within indoor environments on earth, or in environments such as occupied spacecraft, these bacterial and fungal exposures can impact human health. Exposures to microbial growth may be particularly harmful, which is predominantly influenced by moisture availability to dust that contain microbes. This dust is hydroscopic and quickly absorbs water from the air;therefore, when ambient relative humidity levels reach a certain threshold, microbial growth will occur. Different microbial species may be harmful in different ways, but the occurrence of active growth may be the most important factor regardless of taxonomy. In confined environments such as spacecraft elevated moisture conditions are expected due to human activities such as breathing, hygiene routines, food preparation and exercise. These activities have diurnal variations which will influence the water availability for microbial growth over time. NASA has a robust monitoring program for spacecraft that is designed to eliminate or mitigate any potential health effects originating from microorganisms. However, the current standards do not account for microbial growth in spacecraft. Our goal is to propose improved microbial standards for spacecraft based on expected microbial growth due to elevated relative humidity, which is easy to measure. Standards will protect human health and spacecraft integrity. Our hypothesis is that we can determine if growth will be activated based on the number of hours per day spent above a relative humidity threshold. The environment will be considered acceptable if growth is prevented. The first step in creating these standards is to experimentally determine the time required for activation of microbial growth under various moisture conditions. We will consider currently available data collected from incubations performed on house dust from earth to estimate what the activation of mic

关键词： NASA

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The dependence in microcystin removal with powdered activated carbon on variant properties, carbon properties, and dissolved organic matter

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Chemosphere 2024年 351卷 141205页

作者： Huang, Yuzhou Lenhart, John J. Environmental Science Graduate Program The Ohio State University United States Department of Civil Environmental and Geodetic Engineering The Ohio State University United States

Powdered activated carbon (PAC) is commonly used by water treatment plants to remove harmful cyanotoxins such as microcystins (MCs) produced during seasonal harmful algal blooms. MC removal by PAC depends upon the properties of the PAC, the properties of the MC variant, and the presence and properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM). To identify which of these factors has the greatest impact on the removal of MC by PAC, we evaluated the removal of four different MC variants (MC-LR, MC-LA, MC-RR and desmethylated MC-RR) by three different PAC types (wood-based, coal-blend and coal-based). The role of DOM properties was evaluated using DOM isolated from two different sources, a terrestrial source (Suwannee River Fulvic Acid, SRFA) and a microbial source (Grand Lake St Marys DOM, GLSM). The results of adsorption experiments conducted over a period of 72 h demonstrated the wood-based PAC, which had the highest surface area and mesopore volume of the PAC tested, had the highest adsorption rate and capacity for all four MC variants. Of the variants studied, neutrally charged MC-RR was adsorbed more rapidly and to a greater extent on all of the PAC types than were the other variants. Although MC-LA and MC-LR had the greatest hydrophobicity, their negative charges resulted in their being adsorbed the least. As expected, DOM inhibited microcystin adsorption to PAC. The degree of inhibition, however, did not significantly vary for the two DOM types evaluated, indicating the properties of the DOM on MC adsorption to PAC was less important than the PAC properties or MC variant properties. Overall, PAC properties were a more important factor in MC removal than were the MC properties or DOM conditions. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Adsorption DOM Kinetic Mesopores Microcystin PAC

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A preliminary investigation of polymer modified hydrated cement paste prisms and the fracture analysis of tested specimens

A preliminary investigation of polymer modified hydrated cem...

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ACI Spring 2010 Convention

作者： Belkowitz, J. Best, M. Nilsen, M. Fisher, F. Armentrout, D. Stevens Institute of Technology United States Ninyo and Moore Geotechnical and Environmental Consultants Denver CO United States Civil Engineering Technology Program Metro State College Denver United States Lafarge's Western US Region Denver CO United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Stevens Institute of Technology United States Nanotechnology Graduate Program Stevens Institute of Technology United States Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Denver United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781618392060

The following paper documents the preliminary experimentation and analysis of a polymer fortified hydrated cement sample. Concrete is a brittle construction material. When compared to other construction materials, concrete can offer competitive structural resistance under compressive loads. But due to the brittle nature of the hydrated cement matrix, C-S-H network, concrete is poor when resisting flexural loads. The brittle C-S-H structures cannot absorb the flexural energy like a ductile material. The properties of concrete fracture are analyzed at the microscopic level to understand the method of failure. By including the acrylic polymer into the hydrated specimens it was the belief of the authors that the acrylic polymer would enhance the fracture behaviour of the concrete in flexure. The C-S-H hydrates precipitate from a saturated solution. The acrylic polymer, after being mixed into the cement paste while still fresh, becomes secured in the C-S-H structure as said structure hardens. Samples were cast, cured, and tested in order to determine if the acrylic polymer cause the C-S-H structure to behave in a ductile manner. The testing included compressive and flexural stress tests with microstructure observation via Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The compressive and flexural tests were used to discern a measured value of gain when using an acrylic polymer compared to a control mix. The SEM images were used to determine crack origin, type of failure, and acrylic polymer benefit. The tests and SEM images revealed that there was a negative reaction between the admixtures to cause an excessive air generation. Despite the setback, the SEM images revealed evidence of energy absorbing of the acrylic polymer mix.

关键词： Scanning electron microscopy

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Production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from fructose via inherent catalytic properties of a biphasic system without external catalyst addition

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Green Chemistry 2023年第3期26卷 1533-1541页

作者： Huynh, Quang Tam Padilla, Alexander F. de Luna, Mark Daniel G. Huang, Po-Jung Chen, Pei-Shih Saidina Amin, Nor Aishah Chen, Ku-Fan Chang, Ken-Lin Institute of Environmental Engineering National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung804 Taiwan Energy Engineering Program National Graduate School of Engineering University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City1101 Philippines Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering National Central University Taoyuan320317 Taiwan Department of Public Health College of Health Sciences Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Johor Bahru Skudai81310 Malaysia Department of Civil Engineering National Chi Nan University Nantou545 Taiwan Net Zero Emissions and Resource Recycling Technology Research Center National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung804 Taiwan

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is the key to unlocking the potential of biomass materials to transform into fuels, materials, and chemicals. In this study, an effective biphasic reaction system composed of a reaction phase (aqueous phase) and an extraction phase (organic phase) was used for the conversion of fructose to 5-HMF. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) composed of different hydrogen bond donors and hydrogen bond acceptors, the ionic liquid [BMIM]Cl, aqueous choline chloride, aqueous betaine hydrochloride, and ethylamine hydrochloride were used as the reaction phase, and different organic solvents, such as methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), toluene, ethyl butyrate, and gamma-valerolactone (GVL), were used as the organic phase. Experiments were conducted under optimal conditions simulated using the reaction surface method to obtain the maximum 5-HMF yield. The highest yields of 5-HMF obtained in reactions with DESs were 67.86%, 68.69%, and 71.40% for ChCl : OA, ChCl : Lac, and EaCl : Lac, respectively. However, adding dimethyl sulfoxide and betaine hydrochloride aqueous solution to the fructose conversion system resulted in a maximum yield of 90.42% ± 1.46% of 5-HMF without the use of catalysts. This study also demonstrated that betaine hydrochloride could be effectively reused four times. A 5-HMF yield of at least 80% indicates a green process suited towards sustainable development. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

关键词： Fructose

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Full house: Microbial and nonmicrobial volatile organic compounds competing for "residency" in indoor environments at cycling relative humidity 16

Full house: Microbial and nonmicrobial volatile organic comp...

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16th Conference of the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate: Creative and Smart Solutions for Better Built Environments, Indoor Air 2020

作者： Hall, Emma C. Haines, Sarah Dannemiller, Karen C. Marciniak, Katarzyna Robin, Weber Goldstein, Allen H. Adams, Rachel Misztal, Pawel K. Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Environmental Sciences Graduate Program Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Department of Civil Environmental and Geodetic Engineering College of Engineering Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Division of Environmental Health Sciences College of Public Health Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh EdinburghEH9 3JJ United Kingdom

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Analysis of two schemes using micro hydroelectric power (MHPs) in the Amazon with environmental sustainability and energy and economic feasibility

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Environment, Development and Sustainability 2012年第2期14卷 283-295页

作者： Quintas, Marlus C. Blanco, Claudio J.C. Mesquita, André L. Amarante Post-Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering PPGEM/ITEC/UFPA Federal University of Pará Belém PA 66075-110 Rua Augusto Côrrea 01 Brazil Faculty of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering FAESA/ITEC/UFPA Federal University of Pará Belém PA 66075-110 Rua Augusto Côrrea 01 Brazil Faculty of Mechanical Engineering FEM/ITEC/UFPA Federal University of Pará Belém PA 66075-110 Rua Augusto Côrrea 01 Brazil

A major problem for sustainable development in the Amazon is the difficulty of supplying electric power to isolated communities, which represent a considerable share of the population. This problem has been a major obstacle to productive activities (especially extractive and agricultural) in such communities, thus significantly contributing to rural drift and creating social problems in larger cities. In that case, one way to supply electric power would be to use the huge network of small rivers in the region by implementing Micro Hydroelectric Power Plants (MHPs). However, this type of hydropower project requires a set of technical assessments in order to obtain better value for its cost-effectiveness from the perspective of sustainable development. Thus, based on a survey of energy demand and the local hydrological and topographical characteristics, two possible MHP designs for the hydrological site under analysis were suggested. Assessments of hydropower, economic and environmental aspects were developed. MHP designs were compared with the diesel generator design of the community under focus. Comparison showed that the MHP designs are feasible in terms of energy to meet local demand;economically, they are more feasible than the diesel generator and are environmentally sustainable, mainly because such designs involve low-head, run-of-river MHPs and the flooded areas were simulated and are not larger than 0.02 km ². Therefore, the information provided by these assessments constitutes important data, serving as subsidies for MHP implementation projects, which shall contribute to sustainable development in the region. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

关键词： Amazon Isolated communities MHP Small environmental impact

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Effect of seismic load on behaviour of RCC, composite and light steel building analysed using ETABS software: A comparative study

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2023年

作者： Srivastava, Vaibhav Joshi, Rishabh Kumar, Kamal Resatoglu, Rifat Zain, Mohd Singh, Anjali Post Graduate Student Faculty of Civil Engineering Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University Lucknow-Deva Road Barabanki Uttar Pradesh India Faculty of Civil Engineering Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University Lucknow-Deva Road Barabanki Uttar Pradesh India Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Near East University Near East Boulevard Nicosia Northern Cyprus

In the modern world, light steel framing system is increasing progressively owing to its advantage over conventional RCC construction. RCC structures are bulky and have more seismic weight. On the other hand, light steel structures are more ductile which increases the seismic performance of buildings. In composite construction, the properties of RCC and steel structures are combined adding to some more advantages such as fire protection and speedy construction. This research emphasizes the use of light steel frame building over RCC construction. In the present study, seismic performance of a G + 3 residential building which is located in Earthquake Zone II is evaluated using Equivalent Static Method of seismic analysis. The 3D model for each type of structures i.e., RCC, composite and light steel building is modelled separately and compared with each other. ETABS 2016 software is used and results are compared on the basis of story drift, maximum story displacement, shear force and bending moment. In addition, material cost of all building frames is also determined. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Earthquakes

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Mechanisms of Geologically Stored CO2 for Energy Storage 14

Mechanisms of Geologically Stored CO2 for Energy Storage

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14th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, GHGT 2018

作者： Ogland-Hand, Jonathan D. Bielicki, Jeffrey M. Environmental Science Graduate Program The Ohio State University 174 West 18th ColumbusOH43210 United States Department of Civil Environmental and Geodetic Engineering The Ohio State University 2070 Neil Avenue ColumbusOH43210 United States John Glenn College of Public Affairs The Ohio State University 1810 College Road ColumbusOH43210 United States

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Utilising Biomass in Biotechnology 1

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丛书名： Green Energy and Technology

1000年

作者： Helen Treichel Thamarys Scapini Aline Frumi Camargo Fábio Spitza Stefanski Gislaine Fongaro Bruno Venturin

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