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Body appreciation around the world: Measurement invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age

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Body image 2023年 46卷 449-466页

作者： Viren Swami Ulrich S Tran Stefan Stieger Toivo Aavik Hamed Abdollahpour Ranjbar Sulaiman Olanrewaju Adebayo Reza Afhami Oli Ahmed Annie Aimé Marwan Akel Hussam Al Halbusi George Alexias Khawla F Ali Nursel Alp-Dal Anas B Alsalhani Sara Álvares-Solas Ana Carolina Soares Amaral Sonny Andrianto Trefor Aspden Marios Argyrides John Jamir Benzon R Aruta Stephen Atkin Olusola Ayandele Migle Baceviciene Radvan Bahbouh Andrea Ballesio David Barron Ashleigh Bellard Sóley Sesselja Bender Kerime Derya Beydağ Gorana Birovljević Marie-Ève Blackburn Teresita Borja-Alvarez Joanna Borowiec Miroslava Bozogáňová Solfrid Bratland-Sanda Matthew H E M Browning Anna Brytek-Matera Marina Burakova Yeliz Çakır-Koçak Pablo Camacho Vittorio Emanuele Camilleri Valentina Cazzato Silvia Cerea Apitchaya Chaiwutikornwanich Trawin Chaleeraktrakoon Tim Chambers Qing-Wei Chen Xin Chen Chin-Lung Chien Phatthanakit Chobthamkit Bovornpot Choompunuch Emilio J Compte Jennifer Corrigan Getrude Cosmas Richard G Cowden Kamila Czepczor-Bernat Marcin Czub Wanderson Roberto da Silva Mahboubeh Dadfar Simon E Dalley Lionel Dany Jesus Alfonso D Datu Pedro Henrique Berbert de Carvalho Gabriel Lins de Holanda Coelho Avila Odia S De Jesus Sonia Harzallah Debbabi Sandesh Dhakal Francesca Di Bernardo Donka D Dimitrova Jacinthe Dion Barnaby Dixson Stacey M Donofrio Marius Drysch Hongfei Du Angel M Dzhambov Claire El-Jor Violeta Enea Mehmet Eskin Farinaz Farbod Lorleen Farrugia Leonie Fian Maryanne L Fisher Michał Folwarczny David A Frederick Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz Adrian Furnham Antonio Alías García Shulamit Geller Marta Ghisi Alireza Ghorbani Maria Angeles Gomez Martinez Sarah Gradidge Sylvie Graf Caterina Grano Gyöngyvér Gyene Souheil Hallit Motasem Hamdan Jonathan E Handelzalts Paul H P Hanel Steven R Hawks Issa Hekmati Mai Helmy Tetiana Hill Farah Hina Geraldine Holenweger Martina Hřebíčková Olasupo Augustine Ijabadeniyi Asma Imam Başak İnce Natalia Irrazabal Rasa Jankauskiene Ding-Yu Jiang Micaela Jiménez-Borja Verónica Jiménez-Borja Evan M Johnson Veljko Jov School of Psychology and Sport Science Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge United Kingdom Centre for Psychological Medicine Perdana University Kuala Lumpur Malaysia. Electronic address: viren.swami@aru.ac.uk. Department of Cognition Emotion and Methods in Psychology Faculty of Psychology University of Vienna Vienna Austria. Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences Krems an der Donau Austria. Institute of Psychology University of Tartu Tartu Estonia. Department of Psychology Koç University Istanbul Turkiye. Department of Psychology and Behavioural Studies Ekiti State University Ado-Ekiti Nigeria. Department of Art Studies Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran. Department of Psychology University of Chittagong Chattogram Bangladesh. Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology Université du Québec en Outaouais Saint-Jérôme Canada. INSPECT-LB: National Institute of Public Health Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology Beirut Lebanon School of Pharmacy Lebanese International University Beirut Lebanon. Department of Management Ahmed Bin Mohammad Military College Doha Qatar. Faculty of Psychology Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences Athens Greece. Royal College of Surgeons Ireland-Bahrain Adliya Bahrain. Department of Midwifery Faculty of Health Sciences Munzur University Tunceli Turkiya. Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences Vision College of Dentistry and Nursing Vision Colleges Riyadh Saudi Arabia. Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam Muyuna Ecuador. Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Southeast Minas Gerais Barbacena Brazil. Department of Psychology Universitas Islam Indonesia Yogyakarta Indonesia. Department of Psychology Aberystwyth University Ceredigion United Kingdom. Department of Psychology Neapolis University Pafos Paphos Cyprus. Department of Psychology De La Salle University Phillippines. Department of Gen

The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is a widely used measure of a core facet of the positive body image construct. However, extant research concerning measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across a large number of nations remains limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset - with data collected between 2020 and 2022 - to assess measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that full scalar invariance was upheld across all nations, languages, gender identities, and age groups, suggesting that the unidimensional BAS-2 model has widespread applicability. There were large differences across nations and languages in latent body appreciation, while differences across gender identities and age groups were negligible-to-small. Additionally, greater body appreciation was significantly associated with higher life satisfaction, being single (versus being married or in a committed relationship), and greater rurality (versus urbanicity). Across a subset of nations where nation-level data were available, greater body appreciation was also significantly associated with greater cultural distance from the United States and greater relative income inequality. These findings suggest that the BAS-2 likely captures a near-universal conceptualisation of the body appreciation construct, which should facilitate further cross-cultural research.

关键词： Body appreciation Body appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) Cross-cultural Measurement invariance Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) Psychometrics Structural analysis

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Estimates, trends, and drivers of the global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM_2·5 air pollution, 1990–2019: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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The Lancet Planetary Health 2022年第7期6卷 e586-e600页

作者： Burkart, Katrin Causey, Kate Cohen, Aaron J Wozniak, Sarah S Salvi, Devashri Digvijay Abbafati, Cristiana Adekanmbi, Victor Adsuar, Jose C Ahmadi, Keivan Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alipour, Vahid Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amegah, Adeladza Kofi Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Ansari, Fereshteh Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Aripov, Timur Babaee, Ebrahim Banach, MacIej Barnett, Anthony Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Bedi, Neeraj Behzadifar, Masoud Béjot, Yannick Bennett, Derrick A Bensenor, Isabela M Bernstein, Robert S Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bijani, Ali Biondi, Antonio Bohlouli, Somayeh Breitner, Susanne Brenner, Hermann Butt, Zahid A Cámera, Luis Alberto Cantu-Brito, Carlos Carvalho, Felix Cerin, Ester Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chauhan, Bal Govind Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine Chu, Dinh-Toi Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Daryani, Ahmad Davletov, Kairat De Courten, Barbora Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Dhimal, Meghnath Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Duncan, Bruce B El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa Eskandarieh, Sharareh Fareed, Mohammad Farzadfar, Farshad Fattahi, Nazir Fazlzadeh, Mehdi Fernandes, Eduarda Filip, Irina Fischer, Florian Foigt, Nataliya A Freitas, Marisa Ghashghaee, Ahmad Gill, Paramjit Singh Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed Gopalani, Sameer Vali Guo, Yuming Gupta, Rajat Das Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie Hamadeh, Randah R Hamidi, Samer Hankey, Graeme J Hasanpoor, Edris Hassen, Hamid Yimam Hay, Simon I Heibati, Behzad Hole, Michael K Hossain, Naznin Househ, Mowafa Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi Jaafari, Jalil Jakovljevic, Mihajlo Jha, Ravi Prakash Jonas, Jost B Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy Kasaeian, Amir Kaydi, Neda Khader, Yousef Saleh Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Junaid Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khatab, Khaled Khater, Amir M Kim, Yun Jin Kimokoti, Ruth W Kisa, Adnan Kivimäki, Mika Knibbs, Luke D Kosen, Soewarta Koul, Parvaiz A Koyanagi, Ai Defo, Barthelemy Kuate Kugbey, Nuworza Lauriola, Paolo Lee, Paul H Leili, Mostafa Lewycka, Sonia Li, Shanshan Lim, Lee-Ling Li Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University of Washington Seattle WA United States Research Insights and Innovation Seattle WA United States Health Effects Institute Boston MA United States School of Public Health Boston University Boston MA United States Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Department of Population Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom Sport Science Department University of Extremadura Badajoz Spain School of Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Primary Care and Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research Rochester MN United States John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO United States Clinical Epidemiology Center US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) St Louis MO United States Health Management and Economics Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Economics Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Community and Family Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies Universidad de la Costa (University of the Coast) Barranquilla Colombia Research Group in Health Economics University of Cartagena Cartagena Colombia Department of Biomedical Science University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana Cardiology Department Ca

Background: Experimental and epidemiological studies indicate an association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In view of the high and increasing prevalence of diabetes, we aimed to quantify the burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM_2·5 originating from ambient and household air pollution. Methods: We systematically compiled all relevant cohort and case-control studies assessing the effect of exposure to household and ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2·5) air pollution on type 2 diabetes incidence and mortality. We derived an exposure–response curve from the extracted relative risk estimates using the MR-BRT (meta-regression—Bayesian, regularised, trimmed) tool. The estimated curve was linked to ambient and household PM_2·5 exposures from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019, and estimates of the attributable burden (population attributable fractions and rates per 100 000 population of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years) for 204 countries from 1990 to 2019 were calculated. We also assessed the role of changes in exposure, population size, age, and type 2 diabetes incidence in the observed trend in PM_2·5-attributable type 2 diabetes burden. All estimates are presented with 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings: In 2019, approximately a fifth of the global burden of type 2 diabetes was attributable to PM_2·5 exposure, with an estimated 3·78 (95% uncertainty interval 2·68–4·83) deaths per 100 000 population and 167 (117–223) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) per 100 000 population. Approximately 13·4% (9·49–17·5) of deaths and 13·6% (9·73–17·9) of DALYs due to type 2 diabetes were contributed by ambient PM2·5, and 6·50% (4·22–9·53) of deaths and 5·92% (3·81–8·64) of DALYs by household air pollution. High burdens, in terms of numbers as well as rates, were estimated in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and South Am

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Author Correction: The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data

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Scientific data 2021年第1期8卷 72页

作者： Gilberto Pastorello Carlo Trotta Eleonora Canfora Housen Chu Danielle Christianson You-Wei Cheah Cristina Poindexter Jiquan Chen Abdelrahman Elbashandy Marty Humphrey Peter Isaac Diego Polidori Markus Reichstein Alessio Ribeca Catharine van Ingen Nicolas Vuichard Leiming Zhang Brian Amiro Christof Ammann M Altaf Arain Jonas Ardö Timothy Arkebauer Stefan K Arndt Nicola Arriga Marc Aubinet Mika Aurela Dennis Baldocchi Alan Barr Eric Beamesderfer Luca Belelli Marchesini Onil Bergeron Jason Beringer Christian Bernhofer Daniel Berveiller Dave Billesbach Thomas Andrew Black Peter D Blanken Gil Bohrer Julia Boike Paul V Bolstad Damien Bonal Jean-Marc Bonnefond David R Bowling Rosvel Bracho Jason Brodeur Christian Brümmer Nina Buchmann Benoit Burban Sean P Burns Pauline Buysse Peter Cale Mauro Cavagna Pierre Cellier Shiping Chen Isaac Chini Torben R Christensen James Cleverly Alessio Collalti Claudia Consalvo Bruce D Cook David Cook Carole Coursolle Edoardo Cremonese Peter S Curtis Ettore D'Andrea Humberto da Rocha Xiaoqin Dai Kenneth J Davis Bruno De Cinti Agnes de Grandcourt Anne De Ligne Raimundo C De Oliveira Nicolas Delpierre Ankur R Desai Carlos Marcelo Di Bella Paul di Tommasi Han Dolman Francisco Domingo Gang Dong Sabina Dore Pierpaolo Duce Eric Dufrêne Allison Dunn Jiří Dušek Derek Eamus Uwe Eichelmann Hatim Abdalla M ElKhidir Werner Eugster Cacilia M Ewenz Brent Ewers Daniela Famulari Silvano Fares Iris Feigenwinter Andrew Feitz Rasmus Fensholt Gianluca Filippa Marc Fischer John Frank Marta Galvagno Mana Gharun Damiano Gianelle Bert Gielen Beniamino Gioli Anatoly Gitelson Ignacio Goded Mathias Goeckede Allen H Goldstein Christopher M Gough Michael L Goulden Alexander Graf Anne Griebel Carsten Gruening Thomas Grünwald Albin Hammerle Shijie Han Xingguo Han Birger Ulf Hansen Chad Hanson Juha Hatakka Yongtao He Markus Hehn Bernard Heinesch Nina Hinko-Najera Lukas Hörtnagl Lindsay Hutley Andreas Ibrom Hiroki Ikawa Marcin Jackowicz-Korczynski Dalibor Janouš Wilma Jans Rachhpal Jassal Shicheng Jiang Tomomichi Kato Myr Computational Research Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA. gzpastorello@lbl.gov. DIBAF University of Tuscia Viterbo 01100 Italy. Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change Foundation (CMCC) Lecce 73100 Italy. Climate & Ecosystem Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA. Computational Research Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA. Department of Civil Engineering California State University Sacramento CA 95819 USA. Department of Geography Environment and Spatial Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48823 USA. Department of Computer Science University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA. TERN Ecosystem Processes Menzies Creek VIC3159 Australia. Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena 07701 Germany. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE) CEA CNRS UVSQ UPSACLAY Gif sur Yvette 91190 France. Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China. Department of Soil Science University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB R3T2N2 Canada. Department of Agroecology and Environment Agroscope Research Institute Zürich 8046 Switzerland. School of Geography and Earth Sciences McMaster University L8S4K1 Hamilton ON Canada. Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund University Lund 22362 Sweden. Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68583 USA. School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences The University of Melbourne Richmond VIC3121 Australia. Department of Biology Research Group PLECO University of Antwerp Antwerp 2610 Belgium. Joint Research Centre European Commission Ispra 21027 Italy. TERRA Teaching and Research Center University of Liege Gembloux B-5030 Belgium. Finnish Meteorological Institute Helsinki 00560 Finland. ES

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Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study (vol 2, pg 144, 2021)

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LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2021年第4期9卷 E408-E408页

作者： Steinmetz, Jaimie D. Vision and Eye Research Institute Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge United Kingdom Biomedical Informatics Seoul National University Hospital Seoul South Korea Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Institute of Health Services Research Yonsei University Seoul South Korea Department of Ophthalmology University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Mathematics Imperial College London London United Kingdom WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Primary Care and Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne Carlton VIC Australia School of Optometry and Vision Science UNSW Sydney NSW Australia Brien Holden Vision Institute Sydney Australia Department of Ophthalmology University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia Department of Parasitology and Mycology Jahrom University of Medical Sciences Jahrom Iran Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Ophthalmic Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Ophthalmology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Health Services Management Department Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran Department of Systems Populations and Leadership University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Department of Medicine Sofia Ismail Memorial Medical Centre Bogura Bangladesh The Fred Hollows Foundation Sydney NSW Australia Berhan Public Health & Eye Care Consultancy Addis A

Hospital El Salvador: a novel paradigm of intensive care in response to COVID-19 in central America. Lancet Glob Health 2021;9: e241?42?In this Comment, the conflict of interest statement should have included the following: ?By virtue of their roles within a public hospital or the Ministry of Health, MB, LC, WH, and XS are government employees. The findings and conclusions in the Comment are only those of the authors.? This correction has been made as of Feb 26, 2021.

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Subnational mapping of HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–18: a modelling study

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The Lancet HIV 2021年第6期8卷 e363-e375页

作者： Sartorius, Benn VanderHeide, John D. Yang, Mingyou Goosmann, Erik A. Hon, Julia Haeuser, Emily Cork, Michael A. Perkins, Samantha Jahagirdar, Deepa Schaeffer, Lauren E. Serfes, Audrey L. LeGrand, Kate E. Abbastabar, Hedayat Abebo, Zeleke Hailemariam Abosetugn, Akine Eshete Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou Adebayo, Oladimeji M. Adegbosin, Adeyinka Emmanuel Adekanmbi, Victor Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Akalu, Yonas Akinyemi, Oluwaseun Oladapo Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Aklilu, Addis Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alam, Noore Alamneh, Alehegn Aderaw Alanzi, Turki M. Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Tilahun Alipour, Vahid Amini, Saeed Ancuceanu, Robert Ansari, Fereshteh Anteneh, Zelalem Alamrew Anvari, Davood Anwer, Razique Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Arabloo, Jalal Asemahagn, Mulusew A. Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asmare, Wondwossen Niguse Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atreya, Alok Ausloos, Marcel Awedew, Atalel Fentahun Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayanore, Martin Amogre Aynalem, Yared Asmare Ayza, Muluken Altaye Azari, Samad Azene, Zelalem Nigussie Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din Baig, Atif Amin Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar Banach, Maciej Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Basu, Sanjay Bayati, Mohsen Bedi, Neeraj Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye Bezabhe, Woldesellassie M. Mequanint Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Bibi, Sadia Bikbov, Boris Birhan, Tsegaye Adane Bitew, Zebenay Workneh Bockarie, Moses John Boloor, Archith Brady, Oliver J. Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath Butt, Zahid A. Cárdenas, Rosario Carvalho, Felix Charan, Jaykaran Chatterjee, Souranshu Chattu, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chu, Dinh-Toi Cook, Aubrey J. Cormier, Natalie Maria Cowden, Richard G. Culquichicon, Carlos Dagnew, Baye Dahlawi, Saad M.A. D Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Malaria Atlas Project University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom The George Institute for Global Health University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Insights Program Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Seattle WA United States Global Programs Medical Teams International Seattle WA United States Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA United States Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Public Health Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia College of Medicine and Health Science Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Nursing Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Biomedical Sciences Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Public Health Debre Berhan University Debre Brehan

Background: High-resolution estimates of HIV burden across space and time provide an important tool for tracking and monitoring the progress of prevention and control efforts and assist with improving the precision and efficiency of targeting efforts. We aimed to assess HIV incidence and HIV mortality for all second-level administrative units across sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: In this modelling study, we developed a framework that used the geographically specific HIV prevalence data collected in seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care clinics to train a model that estimates HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years. We used a model-based geostatistical framework to estimate HIV prevalence at the second administrative level in 44 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for 2000–18 and sought data on the number of individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) by second-level administrative unit. We then modified the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) to use these HIV prevalence and treatment estimates to estimate HIV incidence and mortality by second-level administrative unit. Findings: The estimates suggest substantial variation in HIV incidence and mortality rates both between and within countries in sub-Saharan Africa, with 15 countries having a ten-times or greater difference in estimated HIV incidence between the second-level administrative units with the lowest and highest estimated incidence levels. Across all 44 countries in 2018, HIV incidence ranged from 2·8 (95% uncertainty interval 2·1–3·8) in Mauritania to 1585·9 (1369·4–1824·8) cases per 100 000 people in Lesotho and HIV mortality ranged from 0·8 (0·7–0·9) in Mauritania to 676·5 (513·6–888·0) deaths per 100 000 people in Lesotho. Variation in both incidence and mortality was substantially greater at the subnational level than at the national level and the highest estimated rates were accordingly higher. Among second-level administrative units, Guijá District, Gaza Province, Mozambique,

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NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

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ECOLOGY 2020年第11期101卷 e03115-e03115页

作者： Rosa, Clarissa Alves da Ribeiro, Bruno R. Bejarano, Vanesa Puertas, Fernando Henrique Bocchiglieri, Adriana Barbosa, Adriana Loeser dos Santos Chiarello, Adriano Garcia Paglia, Adriano Pereira Pereira, Adriele Aparecida Moreira, Adryelle Francisca de Souza Souza, Agnis Cristiane de Pellegrin, Aiesca Gatica, Ailin Medeiro, Akyllan Zoppi Pereira, Alan Deivid Braz, Alan Gerhardt Yanosky, Alberto Valenzuela, Alejandro Eduardo Jorge Bertassoni, Alessandra Prado, Alessandra dos Santos Venturini do Nava, Alessandra Ferreira Dales Rocha, Alessandro Bovo, Alex Augusto Abreu Bager, Alex Cravino, Alexandra Pires, Alexandra dos Santos Martensen, Alexandre Camargo Filippini, Alexandre Percequillo, Alexandre Reis Vogliotti, Alexandre Antunes, Alexsander Zamorano Leite de Oliveira, Aline Cristina da Silva de Oliveira, Allan Jefferson Devlin, Allison de Paula, Almir Ferreira, Aluane Silva Garcia-Olaechea, Alvaro Subalusky, Amanda Sanchez, Amadeo de Aquino, Ana Carla Medeiros Morato Srbek-Araujo, Ana Carolina Paldes Goncales, Amane Araujo, Ana Caroline L. Gozzi, Ana Cecilia Ochoa, Ana Cecilia Mendes de Oliveira, Ana Cristina Lacerda, Ana Cristyna Reis Francisco, Ana Karina Paschoal, Ana Maria de Oliveira Gomes, Ana Paula Nascimento Potrich, Ana Paula Olimpio, Ana Priscila Medeiros Rojas, Ana Meiga, Ana Yoko Ykeuti Jacomo, Anah Tereza de Almeida Calaca, Analice Maria Feijo, Anderson Pagoto, Anderson Borja Miranda, Andre Chein Alonso, Andre Barreto-Lima, Andre Felipe Lanna, Andre Luza, Andre Luis Camilo, Andre Restel Tavares, Andre Nunes, Andre Valle Kindel, Andreas de Miguel, Andres Gatti, Andressa Nobre, Andrezza Bellotto Campelo, Anielise da Conceicao Albuquerque, Anna Carolina Figueiredo de de la Torre, Antonio Mangione, Antonio Mendes Pontes, Antonio Rossano Fernandes, Arthur Soares Felicio, Artur Luiz de Almeida Ferreguetti, Atilla Colombo Marcili, Arlei Piratelli, Augusto Joao Nascimento, Ariel Guilherme Santos do Banhos dos Santos, Aureo Rosa, Beatris Felipe Cezila, Beatriz Azevedo de Thoisy, Benoit Ingberman, Bianca Kohler Departamento de Biologia Setor de Ecologia e Conservação Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Mamíferos (LECOM) Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) Lavras Minas Gerais 37200-000 Brazil. Coordenação de Biodiversidade Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Amazonas 69067375 Brazil. Laboratório de Biogeografia da Conservação Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia Goiás CEP 74690-900 Brazil. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução Universidade Federal de Goiás CP 131 Goiânia Goiás 74001-970 Brazil. Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências São Paulo State University (Universidade EstadualPaulista-UNESP) Av. 24A 1515 Rio Claro São Paulo CEP 13506-752 Brazil. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação Universidade Federal de Sergipe Av. Marechal Rondon S/N Rosa Elze São Cristóvão Sergipe CEP: 49100-000 Brazil. Laboratório Horto-Viveiro Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói Rio de Janeiro Brazil. Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Populações (LECP) Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil. Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto Universidade São Paulo São Paulo Brazil. Departamento de Biologia Geral Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC) Universidade Federal Lavras Minas Gerais Brazil. Amplo Engenharia e Gestão de Projetos Ltda Rua das Palmeiras 19 Quadra 65 Jardim Renascença II São Luís Maranhão CEP: 65.075-300 Brazil. Laboratório de sanidade animal Embrapa Pantanal CP109 Corumbá Mato Grosso do Sul 79320-900 Brazil. IMIBIO-CONICET San Luis Argentina. Faculdades Integradas Aparício Carvalho Rua das Araras Bairro Jardim Eldorado 241 Porto Velho Rondonia CEP 76811-678 Brazil. Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal Centro de Ciências Biológicas Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes e Invasões Biológicas Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid Universidade Estadual de Londrina PR 445 Km 380 Londrina Paraná CEP 86.057-970 Brazil. Prog

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084);17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this da

关键词： biodiversity hotspots biological invasions exotic species invasive species novel ecosystems savanna tropical forest

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