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15th Conference of the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate, INDOOR AIR 2018

作者： Haines, Sarah Dannemiller, Karen C. Environmental Science Graduate Program Ohio State University United States Department of Civil Environmental and Geodetic Engineering College of Engineering Ohio State University United States Department of Environmental Health Sciences College of Public Health Ohio State University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781713826514

Microbial growth may occur in carpet dust when exposed to elevated moisture levels, but it is unknown how diurnal variations in equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) affect this growth. Our goal is to apply the "time-of-wetness" (TOW) concept from fungal growth on drywall to model fungal growth in carpet. Used carpet samples were embedded with dust, placed in an experimental chamber and then the ERH within the chambers was varied from 50% to either 85% or 100% for a period of 0, 6, 12, 18, or 24 hours per day over a two-week period. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) measurements of fungi revealed that for the 85% and 100% samples, growth could be modeled with the standard TOW and activation limited growth curve. These measurements demonstrated that the relative growth rate fit the TOW model with the Pearson Correlation Coefficients of 0.958 for 100% TOW and 0.898 for 85% TOW. DNA sequencing revealed increased abundance of species in the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium, among others, at increased moisture. Ultimately, this data can be used to accurately model fungal growth in housing based on moisture and can be utilized in future public health, policy, and epidemiological models. © 2018 15th Conference of the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate, INDOOR AIR 2018. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fungi

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Follow-up of environmental impacts upon water sources of São Carlos, Brazil 14

Follow-up of environmental impacts upon water sources of Sã...

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14th International Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management, CUPUM 2015

作者： Costa, Carlos Wilmer Dupas, Francisco Antônio Lorandi, Reinaldo Oliveira, Erica Zanardo Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences Department Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos São Paulo Brazil Graduate Program in Energy Natural Resources of Institute Federal University of Itajubá Minas Gerais Brazil Graduate Program in Urban Engineering Civil Engineering Department Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos São Paulo Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9780692474341

An understanding of the interrelationship between the characteristics of natural and manmade environments is essential to avoid heavy economic and social burdens on society resulting from environmental deterioration. Irreversible human changes can be avoided using land use models, which can examine the impacts of alternative land use regulations and future urbanization on the environment Much of the population of mediumsized Brazilian cities is concentrated in densely populated urban areas. In this context, the use of Geographical Information Systems have a great value for land management, allowing the diagnosis and characterization of the areas that have suffered the consequences of land use for urban development and helping in the proposition of alternatives to minimize the generated impacts. In this paper, a simple spatially explicit model was used to explore potential areas for urban expansion in São Carlos city, Brazil. Orbital images of the satellite ALOS sensor AVNIR-2 were used to diagnose the urban area of the city and a comparison is made with the Master Plan. This way, Municipal Zone Management, urban sprawl, topography, geology, hydrography, pedology, infrastructure and land use were analyzed in an integrated way, each of them serving as the "background" to the other. This analysis has drawn criticisms and considerations for further alternatives. Another approach of interest refers to the expansion of the urban sprawl on the watershed of Feijão Rivers. The basin is the main source of surface water supply to the city of São Carlos, and is an important recharge area of the Guarani Aquifer System (GAS), therefore, they shall be preserved to serve as future water reserves.

关键词： Land use

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Effects of the latest drought on the alluvial aquifer of a semiarid region in northeastern Brazil

Effects of the latest drought on the alluvial aquifer of a s...

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IAHS Scientific Assembly 2022 - Hydrological Sciences in the Anthropocene, IAHS 2022

作者： Da Alves, Rafaela S. Linhares, Samiramisthais S. Mobus, Gilberto Gasmi, Hela Martins, Eduardo S. P. R. Rocha, Renan V. Estacio, Alyson B. S. Fortaleza60.115-221 Brazil University of Bahia Post-Graduate Program in Geology Salvador40170-110 Brazil Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Federal University of Ceara Fortaleza60020-181 Brazil

Climate change has modified global and local water cycle patterns inducing more intense and severe drought events. In the Ceara state (Northeast Brazil), a semiarid region very vulnerable to droughts, groundwater acts as a strategic reserve to ensure water security for small rural communities. Well drilling jointly with the building of dams and cisterns are the main policy performed by the public authority to cope with the droughts. This study performed a preliminary qualitative analysis to investigate the effects of dam building in the piezometric level of an alluvial aquifer in the Ceara state during the most recent drought (2012-2016). The micro-basins of the Algodao and Forquilha creek were selected as study area, in which the alluvial aquifer has been monitored by Funceme since 2010. The alluvial aquifer was extensively exploited for local agriculture before the drought (2012-2016) due to public policies of well drilling (2001-2002). During the most recent drought, the construction of new dams, coupled with reduced rainfall, compromised the recharge of the alluvial aquifer. We evaluate these effects through the groundwater level. The results revealed a continuous drawdown of groundwater in the monitored wells. Since 2017 the piezometric level started to rise, however, the graphs reveal a different behavior of the piezometric levels monitored after the latest drought, with sudden changes between the periods of recharge and drawdown of the alluvial aquifer. Field diagnostics with local stakeholders revealed how the latest drought changed the dynamics of the activities developed by the rural communities. Before the drought the aquifer supplied the local agriculture. The drought has affected the recharge of the alluvial aquifer and compromised local agriculture. Local stakeholders have adapted, and agriculture has been replaced by livestock. The heterogeneity of this environment and of its water users requires efficient management policies adapted for the local phy

关键词： Drought

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Study of damage distribution and intensity in regions of the facade

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Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation 2016年第1期1卷 1-9页

作者： de Souza, Jessica S. Bauer, Elton Nascimento, Matheus L. M. Capuzzo, Valdirene M. S. Zanoni, Vanda A. G. Post-Graduate Program in Structures and Civil Construction Civil and Environmental Engineering Department University of Brasília Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Asa Norte Brasília 70910-900 DF Brazil Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism University of Brasília Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Asa Norte Brasília 70910-900 DF Brazil

The ceramic coating systems applied to building facades have relevant aesthetic value and protection functions. The architectural and environmental conditions can greatly influence the degradation process of the facades, which may pose risks and compromise the durability and service life of the building and its components. The degradation process of facades changes according to the region where it takes place. To this end, the present study aims to determine damage intensity and distribution in the different regions of the facade. This study investigated the facades of three buildings that are part of the Materials Testing Laboratory (LEM) database of the Universidade de Brasilia. The degradation was quantified using a methodology proposed by Silva (2014) to generate a degradation index expressed in m². After the quantification of damages, few indexes associated with the percentage of degraded area, applied to the facade regions, are presented. These weighted indexes allowed to standardize the values observed in each region. Obtaining these indices is fundamental to the study of degradation. The results show that for a comparative analysis between the regions, the observed values should be corrected for the proportionality of the area of each region in relation to the total area of the facade. It was also noted that the continuous walls are the most affected regions, but they do not always present the highest damage intensity. © 2016, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.

关键词： Damage distribution Degradation Degradation index Facades Pathology

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Wind-driven rain incidence parameters obtained by hygrothermal simulation

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Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation 2016年第1期1卷 1-7页

作者： Nascimento, M.L.M. Bauer, E. de Souza, J.S. Zanoni, V.A.G. Post-Graduate Program in Structures and Civil Construction Civil and Environmental Engineering Department University of Brasília Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Asa Norte Brasília 70910-900 DF Brazil Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism University of Brasília Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Asa Norte Brasília 70910-900 DF Brazil

The association of rain and wind composes wind-driven rain (WDR), and its incidence may be crucial to the emergence of anomalies on the facades of buildings. Moisture from the WDR can influence the humidification and drying process, therefore the durability and hygrothermal performance are conditioned by the amount of incident water. The quantification of WDR can be an indispensable tool for understanding its related phenomena and the service life of buildings. The most widely used methods of quantification are the semi-empirical, with theoretical basis, but coefficients partially determined from measurements. These methods may take into account the building exposure conditions related to the envelope, solar orientation, height of the building, and other parameters. In this context, in order to contribute to the studies on quantification of WDR, the purpose of this paper is to apply hygrothermal simulation software WUFI^® on quantification of WDR focusing on buildings degradation of Brasília-Brazil. For the simulation it was used a Typical Meteorological Year file with the wind and precipitation measurement data indispensable for simulation. The quantification of incidence of WDR considered the orientations North, Northeast, East, Southeast, South, Southwest, West, and Northwest. The use of semi-empirical WUFI^® quantification method allowed finding the highest values and consequently critical orientations North, Northwest, and Northeast, moreover, this results showed the relation with the degradation of facades in these orientations. WUFI proved to be an easy, fast and efficient method of WDR quantification, without hiding seasonal weather effects. © 2016, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.

关键词： Degradation Facade Hygrothermal simulation Wind-driven rain

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Who should be responsible for setting standards for how automated vehicles are used? Insights of the US perspective from a 2021 Nationwide Survey

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Sustainable Futures 2025年

作者： Abdallah Kinero Boniphace Kutela Subasish Das Ahmed Hossain Graduate Research Assistant Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Florida International University 10555 West Flagler Street EC 3720 Miami FL 33174 Associate Research Engineer Texas A&M Transportation Institute 701 N Post Oak Ln # 430 Houston TX 77024 Assistant Professor College of Science of Engineering Texas State University 601 University Drive San Marcos Texas 78666-4684 Postdoctoral Scholar Artificial Intelligence in Transportation (AIT) Lab Civil Engineering Ingram School of Engineering Texas State University 601 University Drive San Marcos TX 78666

Automated Vehicles (AVs) are becoming widespread and are expected to revolutionize transportation, yet the standards governing their usage remain underexplored, particularly regarding who should set these standards. While the federal and local governments have traditionally played a key role, this study investigates public and community perceptions of who should be responsible for setting AV standards. Using data from 5,111 responses in a nationwide Pew Research Center survey, ordered logistic regression assessed preferences for who should set AV standards: the federal government, users, companies/developers, and dealerships. Results show a strong preference for companies/developers to lead, followed by the federal government and users, with dealerships being the least favored. Preferences varied significantly by political ideology, gender, ethnicity, and income. Notably, respondents planning to use AVs and conservative Republicans supported greater user involvement in the standard-setting process. These findings suggest a growing demand for user participation alongside federal authority, which could enhance public trust and accelerate AV adoption. Policymakers are encouraged to consider these preferences in future regulatory frameworks to reflect diverse opinions and foster broader acceptance of AV technology.

关键词： Automated Vehicles Setting standards Ordered logistic regression, User centered

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EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL DYNAMIC EVALUATION OF PROFILED STEEL DECKING SLAB IN A CONTAINER HOUSE USING MEMS 9

EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL DYNAMIC EVALUATION OF PROFILED ST...

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9th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake engineering, COMPDYN 2023

作者： Lima, Henrique Tavares de Medeiros Alas, Luis Ernesto de Almeida Nunes, Mateus Narcizo da Silva Medeiros, Iálysson de Lima, Douglas Mateus Graduate Program of Civil and Environmental Engineering Academic Center of Agreste Federal University of Pernambuco Avenida Marielle Franco Bairro Nova Caruaru PE Caruaru55014-900 Brazil

The reuse of shipping containers is common in civil construction, not only for ecological reasons but also for speeding up the construction time, thus favoring the decrease in the payback time of the applied financial investment. Consequently, technological developments guarantee this trend with lighter structural elements, thus occurring natural frequencies closer to the frequency ranges of dynamic excitations associated with human activities. Therefore, a direct consequence of this new design trend is a considerable increase in problems related to unwanted vibrations in steel and concrete composite slabs, which arise from rhythmic actions, and external vibrations arising from earthquakes, which must be analysed to meet the comfort and safety of residents. Thus, this study aims to present a vibration analysis in a composite floor slab, built in steel deck 59S, of a residence built with reuse maritime containers in the municipality of Gravatá in Pernambuco, Brazil. The structure consists of three floors, with the cantilever slab analysed with dimensions of 8.24 m wide and 4.00 m long. In the experimental phase, vibration analysis was carried out through the heel impact test to obtain the natural frequencies, which had average values of 7.0 Hz, and average values of 7.14% for the damping ratio of the slab, a MicroElectroMechanical System (MEMS) was used, which are accelerometers of signals present in smartphone devices. Subsequently, using the software SCIA Engineer, the numerical analysis of the model was carried out, where usual discretization techniques were used through the Finite Element Method (FEM) to evaluate the structural behavior against dynamic actions, thus obtaining the results of natural frequencies, average values of 6.46 Hz, and modal shapes. With this, it was possible to verify the results regarding the natural frequencies of vibration, analysing the usability, comfort, and health of the structure according to the current normative codes. Finally, t

关键词： Natural frequencies

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Would the occurrence of a Maunder-like solar minimum reverse the observed climate change?

Evolving Earth

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Evolving Earth 2025年 3卷

作者： Marcio Cataldi Rafael Rangel Vitor Luiz Victalino Galves Sonia Jerez Juan Pedro Montávez Amar Halifa-Marín Luiz Landau Regional Atmospheric Modelling Group (MAR) Physics of the Earth Department of Physics Regional Campus of International Excellence (CEIR) “Campus Mare Nostrum” University of Murcia Spain Climate System Monitoring and Modelling Laboratory (LAMMOC) Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Federal Fluminense University Brazil Laboratory of Computational Methods in Engineering (LAMCE) Civil Engineering Program Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

This study examines a scenario combining a prolonged solar minimum, like the historical Maunder Minimum, with the increased CO2 emissions characteristic of the industrial era. Two scenarios were developed in NCAR/CESM 2.0 implemented at LAMMOC/UFF to create simulations from 1850 to 2000, it contrasts differing radiative forcings from 1950 onward—one reflecting actual observed changes, including rising CO2 levels, and the other simulating a decrease in solar output like that during the Maunder Minimum but with continued CO2 growth. The results were validated against ERA5 data and 20th-century reanalysis. By calculating meridional averages at 30-degree latitude intervals, distinct regional impacts of the Maunder Minimum were identified. Notably the simulated Maunder Minimum reduced global warming by and even mitigated 70 % in HS in the last decade of the 20th century. However, this attenuation was lower in the HN, especially in the 30–60N region where no attenuation was observed.

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Bond Behavior between Recycled Concrete Containing CDW and Different Types of Steel Bars

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Journal of Architectural Environment & Structural engineering Research 2021年第2期4卷 1-7页

作者： Carine N.S.Reis Paulo Lima Mônica B.Leite Department of Technology Post-graduation Program of Civil and Environmental EngineeringState University of Feira de SantanaBahiaBrazil

The operation of reinforced concrete structures is directly associated with the adhesion between the steel bar and the concrete,which allows the internal forces to be transferred to the reinforcement during the process of loading the structural *** modification of the concrete composition,with the introduction of recycled aggregate from construction and demolition waste(CDW),affects the steel-concrete interface and can modify the bonding stress,which is also influenced by the type and diameter of the bar *** this work,the influence of the recycled fine aggregate(RFA)and types of steel bar on the steel-concrete bond was experimentally evaluated using the pullout *** concrete and recycled concrete,with RFA replacement level of 25%,were *** types of steel rebars(i.e.,plain and deformed)with diameters of 10.0 and 16.0 mm were considered in this *** results indicate a reduction in the adhesion stress with the introduction of recycled aggregate,but this trend is influenced by the diameter of the bar *** use of ribbed bars modifies the stress bon-slip behavior,with an increase in the average bond strength,which is also observed with the reduction of the diameter of the bar.

关键词： Construction and demolition waste(CDW) Recycled concrete Steel-concrete bond behavior

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Relationship Population Density of Aquatic Sediment Macrozoobenthos to River Water Quality Parameters： Case Study of Upstream Citarum River in Bandung Regency

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Journal of environmental Science and engineering(A) 2016年第3期5卷 117-125页

作者： Barti Setiani Muntalif Nurul Chasanah Mohammad Faiz Faza Departement of Environmental Engineering Institute Technology Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia Environmental Engineering Program Post-Graduate Academy Institute Technology Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia

The increase in anthropogenic activities occur along the upstream of Citarum River Basin （CRB） in Bandung regency had a negative impact to the water quality caused by the presence of human activity, it will be able to be a disruption to the ecosystem aquatic. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of the physical and chemical parameters of water and sediment to the presence of macrozoobenthos populations. Based on the result of Pearson Correlation Analysis （PCA）, the parameters of COD, TOC and silt composition were the highest correlation to the macrozoobenthos population density, the value were 0.966, 0.865 and 0.576. Although PCA analysis is used to determine the relationship between the parameters of water, sediment and sediment particle distribution, the result showed that the water parameters were the mayor component affected the density of macrozoobenthos. While based on the composition of sediment, it is found that substrate as silt, clay and gravel and phosphate parameter affected the density of macrozoobenthos. The measurement of water quality also were calculated by Biotic Monitoring Working Party-Average Score Per Taxon （BMWP-ASPT） index showed that the quality were polluted condition, although by Pollution Index （IP） method showed as a light polluted category.

关键词： Citarum upstream correlation sediment macrozoobenthos water quality.

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