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Hybrid membrane filtration process for leachate treatment

WATER RESEARCH 1996年第11期30卷 2691-2706页

作者： Pirbazari, M Ravindran, V Badriyha, BN Kim, SH Environmental Engineering Program Department of Civil Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089-2531 U.S.A.

A hybrid technology known as the ultrafiltration-biologically active carbon (UF-BAC) process that amalgamates adsorption, biodegradation and membrane filtration is found to be highly efficient for treatment of landfill leachates. The process employs bioactive powdered activated carbon (PAC) with a leachate-acclimated microbial culture for the simultaneous sorption and biodegradation of organic constituents. Tubular cross-flow ultrafiltration membrane modules separate out colloids and microorganisms, and a high quality permeate is obtained. Batch biokinetic studies were performed for the two leachates to evaluate their extent of biodegradability and biodegradation kinetics. The process efficiencies for both leachates were in the range of 95-98% in terms of TOC removal, and exceeded 97% for specific organic pollutants. The UF-BAC process compared well with the PACT process in terms of organic removal, and produced higher quality effluent in terms of suspended solids (100% removal). The study demonstrated that addition of 1% PAC mitigated permeate flux deterioration attributed to membrane fouling and concentration polarization, and enhanced permeate transport. Possible mechanisms for flux amelioration are discussed. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd

关键词： hybrid membrane filtration ultrafiltration bioactive carbon biofilm landfill leachate membrane fouling concentration polarization permeate flux

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Axisymmetric alternating direction explicit scheme for efficient coupled simulation of hydro-mechanical interaction in geotechnical engineering-Application to circular footing and deep tunnel in saturated ground

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2018年第2期10卷 259-279页

作者： Simon Heru Prassetyo Marte Gutierrez Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Colorado School of MinesGoldenUSA Mining Engineering Program Institut Teknologi BandungBandungIndonesia

Explicit solution techniques have been widely used in geotechnical engineering for simulating the coupled hydro-mechanical(H-M) interaction of fluid flow and deformation induced by structures built above and under saturated ground, i.e. circular footing and deep tunnel. However, the technique is only conditionally stable and requires small time steps, portending its inefficiency for simulating large-scale H-M problems. To improve its efficiency, the unconditionally stable alternating direction explicit(ADE)scheme could be used to solve the flow problem. The standard ADE scheme, however, is only moderately accurate and is restricted to uniform grids and plane strain flow conditions. This paper aims to remove these drawbacks by developing a novel high-order ADE scheme capable of solving flow problems in nonuniform grids and under axisymmetric conditions. The new scheme is derived by performing a fourthorder finite difference(FD) approximation to the spatial derivatives of the axisymmetric fluid-diffusion equation in a non-uniform grid configuration. The implicit Crank-Nicolson technique is then applied to the resulting approximation, and the subsequent equation is split into two alternating direction sweeps,giving rise to a new axisymmetric ADE scheme. The pore pressure solutions from the new scheme are then sequentially coupled with an existing geomechanical simulator in the computer code fast Lagrangian analysis of continua(FLAC). This coupling procedure is called the sequentially-explicit coupling technique based on the fourth-order axisymmetric ADE scheme or SEA-4-AXI. Application of SEA-4-AXI for solving axisymmetric consolidation of a circular footing and of advancing tunnel in deep saturated ground shows that SEA-4-AXI reduces computer runtime up to 42%-50% that of FLAC’s basic scheme without numerical instability. In addition, it produces high numerical accuracy of the H-M solutions with average percentage difference of only 0.5%-1.8%.

关键词： Hydro-mechanical(H-M) interaction Explicit coupling technique Alternating direction explicit(ADE) scheme High-order finite difference(FD) Non-uniform grid Axisymmetric consolidation Circular footing Deep tunnel in saturated ground

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DEALING WITH NEAR COLLINEARITY IN CHEMICAL MASS BALANCE RECEPTOR MODELS

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ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS 1992年第5期26卷 933-938页

作者： HENRY, RC University of Southern California Civil Engineering Department Environmental Engineering Program Los Angeles CA 90089-2531 U.S.A.

The amount of airborne particulate pollution attributable to various sources can be estimated from a linear least squares (LLS) fit of concentrations of chemical elements observed at a receptor to the known elemental composition of the particles emitted by the sources. The resulting least squares problem often displays a high degree of ill-conditioning and associated inflation of the uncertainties in the estimates. Because of the physical constraints of the problem, variable selection and ridge regression cannot be used to remedy the ill-conditioning. In particular, it is shown that a stable ridge regression solution is equivalent to assuming sources of airborne particulates with negative elemental composition. A method is developed which defines, for a specific level of acceptable uncertainty, three classes of sources;those which can be estimated accurately by LLS, those which cannot be so estimated and those which cannot be accurately estimated individually but participate in linear combinations which can be accurately estimated. A technique is presented which determines those linear combinations of source contributions of minimum variance.

关键词： RECEPTOR MODELS AIRBORNE PARTICLES CHEMICAL MASS BALANCE NEAR COLLINEARITY REGRESSION

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IDENTIFICATION OF TRIHALOACETALDEHYDES IN OZONATED AND CHLORINATED FULVIC-ACID SOLUTIONS

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ANALYST 1993年第1期118卷 71-72页

作者： XIE, YF RECKHOW, DA Environmental Engineering Program Department of Civil Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 United States

Three brominated trihaloacetaldehydes (THAs), bromodichloroacetaldehyde, dibromochloroacetaldehyde and tribromoacetaldehyde, were identified, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, in ozonated and chlorinated aqueous fulvic acid solutions containing inorganic bromide. Mass spectra of these THAs were obtained in the electron-impact and positive chemical-ionization modes. The significance of the formation of brominated THAs on water quality and future disinfection by-product regulation is discussed.

关键词： MASS SPECTRA CHLORINATION OZONATION DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS TRIHALOACETALDEHYDES

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SOIL COLOR VARIATIONS ALONG AN IRON-OXIDE GRADIENT IN A MINE DRAINAGE TREATMENT WETLAND

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WETLANDS 1994年第3期14卷 243-246页

作者： TARUTIS, WJ UNZ, RF Program in Ecology and Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park

The relationship between soil color and iron oxide content in a surface-flow constructed wetland that successfully treats acid mine drainage (AMD) is examined with regard to its potential importance to wetland treatment of AMD. Twenty-one oxidized surficial soil samples (<5 cm depth) were collected along a 100-meter wetland transect and were characterized for Munsell color and iron oxide content. Soil color, expressed in terms of both a redness index as well as dominant wavelength, was found to be significantly correlated (p < 0.001) with iron oxide content. In addition, an apparent red-shift in soil color was observed from the wetland effluent toward the influent in response to increasing concentrations of iron in both the soil and the drainage water. If this relationship between soil color-iron oxide content-iron removal is shown to exist for other surface-flow AMD wetlands, evaluation of soil color can give a relatively quick and inexpensive estimate of iron retention for a given influent iron concentration entering a wetland.

关键词： ACID MINE DRAINAGE CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS IRON OXIDES SOIL COLOR

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HYDRAULIC AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A COMPACTED MUNICIPAL SOLID-WASTE COMPOST

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WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH 1993年第2期11卷 127-142页

作者： BENSON, CH OTHMAN, MA Environmental Geotechnics Program Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 U.S.A.

Results of a laboratory study are presented that describe hydraulic and mechanical properties of a compacted compost derived from a mixture of municipal solid waste and treatment plant sludge. The objective of the study was to determine if compacted compost has properties desirable of a hydraulic barrier used in liners and final covers of landfills. Ordinarily, the hydraulic barrier is constructed with compacted clay and/ or a geomembrane. Laboratory tests were performed to determine the particle size distribution, compaction characteristics, hydraulic conductivity and shear strength of the compacted compost. Tests have also been conducted to evaluate: (1) the resistance of compost to changes caused by desiccation and freeze-thaw, (2) the effects of extended permeation and (3) the concentration of contaminants leached during permeation. The results of the study show that compost can be compacted into a dense mass with low hydraulic conductivity (2 x 10-10 m s-1). It is also more resistant to increases in hydraulic conductivity caused by desiccation and freeze-thaw than compacted clay. Compacted compost also has greater shear strength than compacted clay and therefore is likely to remain stable on typical landfill slopes. However, contaminants considered hazardous, such as heavy metals, were leached from the compost at levels exceeding United States drinking water standards. The results suggest that the compost used in this study has hydraulic and mechanical properties desirable of a hydraulic barrier and further detailed study of its use is warranted.

关键词： MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE SLUDGE COMPOST CO-COMPOSTER HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY PERMEABILITY LANDFILL COVER DESICCATION FREEZE THAW SLOPE STABILITY

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Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for emerging contaminant analysis in drinking water

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Frontiers of environmental Science & engineering 2023年第5期17卷 51-65页

作者： Seo Won Cho Haoran Wei Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program University of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA

Emerging contaminants(ECs)in drinking water pose threats to public health due to their environmental prevalence and potential *** occurrence of ECs in our drinking water supplies depends on their physicochemical properties,discharging rate,and susceptibility to removal by water treatment *** health effects of long-term exposure to ECs justify their regular monitoring in drinking water *** this review article,we will summarize the current status and future opportunities of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)for EC analysis in drinking *** principles of SERS are first introduced and a comparison of SERS and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in terms of cost,time,sensitivity,and availability is ***,we discuss the strategies for designing effective SERS sensors for EC analysis based on five categories—per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances,novel pesticides,pharmaceuticals,endocrine-disrupting chemicals,and *** addition to maximizing the intrinsic enhancement factors of SERS substrates,strategies to improve hot spot accessibilities to the targeting ECs are equally *** is a review article focusing on SERS analysis of ECs in drinking *** discussions are not only guided by numerous endeavors to advance SERS technology but also by the drinking water regulatory policy.

关键词： Emerging contaminant Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy Drinking water monitoring Sensor Regulatory policy

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CHEMICAL COAGULATION OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES - A COMPARISON OF NATURAL AQUATIC VERSUS SOIL-EXTRACTED MATERIALS

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ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY 1985年第1期8卷 1-8页

作者： AMY, GL CHADIK, PA KING, PH Environmental Engineering Program Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 U.S.A.

Aquatic humic substances can be removed by chemical coagulation during water treatment. Hydrolyzing metals such as Al(III) and Fe(III), as well as commercially available cationic polyelectrolytes, can effectively remove humic substances prior to chlorination, thus reducing the formation of trihalomethanes. Synthetic waters, produced by adding soil-extracted fulvic acids to distilled water containing a clay source and various salts, have some merit in approximating the behavior of aquatic humic substances during chemical coagulation; however, caution must be exercised in the interpretation and applicability of the results.

关键词： humic substances coagulation humic acids fulvic acids trihalomethane control

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The effect of artificial support material existence on removal of organic and nutrient in laboratory scale using plug flow reactor (PFR) 6

The effect of artificial support material existence on remov...

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6th environmental Technology and Management Conference, ETMC 2019

作者： Aphirta, Sarah Soewondo, Prayatni Maisa Zakiyya, Nida Wulandari Putri, Dyah Setiani Muntalif, Barti Environmental Engineering Master Program Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia Program Study of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia

Artificial support material was examined to determine the removal capacity of organic pollutants and nutrients on laboratory scale using PFR system. The experiment was performed using artificial water with similar characteristics to Cikapayang River in three PFRs of 10.78 L. The PFRs were made of PVC pipes filled with an inert chemical substrate as an artificial support material. The process of pollutants removal in the PFR relies on a biological layer (biofilm) grown on the surface of the material support. Three type of C:N:P ratio used in this study were 30:15:1, 75:25:2, and 180:35:3. The results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of TSS, TN, TP, and COD in the preliminary tests were 85%, 87%, 71% and 79%, respectively. Moreover, the maximum water absorption capacity result was up to 30.8%. Organic substrate removal rate compared with first order and Strover-Kincannon substrate removal models prediction. The best fit model for this experiment was Stover-Kincannon model, with the average correlation coefficient up to 90% for all of the three reactors. SEM analysis shown that the microorganisms shape is coccus with the average size of 5 μm. © 2020 The Authors, published by EDP Sciences.

关键词： Nutrients

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Copper single atoms/atomic clusters modified electrocatalytic membrane for antibiotic removal and membrane fouling control via electro-Fenton reactions

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Chemical engineering Journal 2025年 515卷

作者： Zhang, Zixin Huang, Guohe Li, Yongping Yao, Yao Chen, Xiujuan Zhang, Yuanzheng Luo, Yifei Zhao, Kai State Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Sustainability School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China State Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Sustainability China-Canada Center for Energy Environment and Ecology Research UR-BNU School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Environmental Systems Engineering Program University of Regina ReginaSKS4S 0A2 Canada Institute for Energy Environment and Sustainable Communities University of Regina ReginaS4S 0A2 Canada Department of Civil Engineering The University of Texas at Arlington ArlingtonTX United States College of Environmental Science and Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing102206 China

Low-pressure membrane filtration is an important technology for water treatment but suffers from the inefficient removal of low-molecular-weight pollutants (such as antibiotics) and severe membrane fouling. Herein, an electrocatalytic membrane (CuSAs/ACs-NC/CMM) modified with the catalyst containing Cu single atoms (SAs) and atomic clusters (ACs) composite active sites was prepared for the removal of tetracycline (TC) and the control of membrane fouling. Cu ACs synergistically interacted with Cu SAs, enabling a high-efficiency electro-Fenton process. In addition to serving as the main active site for the in-situ generation of H2O2, Cu ACs could also induce the charge rearrangement of Cu SAs, thus reducing the energy barrier of H2O2 activation into ·OH at the Cu SAs site. CuSAs/ACs-NC/CMM produced ·OH through a sequential reaction of H2O2 generation and activation to oxidize pollutants. At a low voltage of −2.5 V, CuSAs/ACs-NC/CMM delivered excellent TC removal kinetics (0.0181 min−1) and removal ratio (90.0 %), and effectively reduced the membrane fouling caused by the mixture of humic acid (HA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and sodium alginate (SA). CuSAs/ACs-NC/CMM also performed well under actual water conditions. This work proposes a strategy for developing electrocatalytic membranes using catalysts with multiple atomic-level active sites, promoting the development and application of advanced membranes in water treatment. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Membrane fouling

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