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ANAEROBIC TOXICITY AND BIODEGRADABILITY OF PULP-MILL WASTE CONSTITUENTS

WATER RESEARCH 1984年第5期18卷 601-607页

作者： BENJAMIN, MM WOODS, SL FERGUSON, JF Environmental Engineering and Science Program Department of Civil Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 U.S.A.

Batch bioassays have been conducted to characterize the response of methanogenic bacteria to several constituents of sulfite evaporator condensate. The results can be grouped into three ranges with increasingly severe consequences to anaerobic reactors: a low concentration, no effect range; a medium concentration range where methanogenesis is temporarily interrupted or slowed down, but may return to normal; and a high concentration range where methanogenesis is permanently inhibited. In some cases the toxicant was metabolized when present in the lower concentration ranges. There was also evidence that mechanisms other than fermentation to methane were significant in accounting for removal of the toxicants from solution. Organisms acclimated to low concentrations of a toxicant are better able to withstand a shock load of that toxicant than are unacclimated organisms.

关键词： anaerobic degradation biodegradability furfural guaiacol acclimation toxicity assay

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Monitoring in situ performance of pervious concrete in British Columbia - A pilot study

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Case Studies in Construction Materials 2014年 1卷 1-9页

作者： Gupta, Rishi Civil and Environmental Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Victoria Canada

Modern day infrastructure calls for use of impervious surfaces and curb and gutter systems on pavements to rapidly collect and transport rain runoff. Due to this storm water reaches the receiving water bodies rapidly, in greater volume and carries more pollutants than natural conditions. Porous pavement on parking lots, sidewalks, and driveways provides a solution to this problem. One such material that can be used to produce porous surfaces is pervious concrete. Even though no-fines concrete mix has been used for many years, there are still many outstanding issues related to its structural performance and issues with reduced percolation capacity over time especially when exposed to real conditions. This paper presents a case study describing a project in British Columbia, Canada where 1000 ft² of asphalt was replaced with a pervious concrete system. The details of the unique construction technique including details of the material used are described in this paper. On-going tests to monitor the performance of this test slab are also described. © 2013 The Author.

关键词： Asphalt replacement No-fines concrete Pervious concretesystem Raveling Stormwater management Sustainability

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Wetting challenges in treatment of raw textile wastewater by membrane distillation: A case study

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

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Case Studies in Chemical and environmental engineering 2025年 11卷

作者： Rodrigues, Mariana E. Cucciniello, Raffaele Farinha, Andreia Vrouwenvelder, Johannes Fortunato, Luca Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Environmental Science & Engineering Program (EnSE) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia Università di Salerno Via Papa Paolo Giovanni II Fisiciano SA 84100 Italy Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Applied Sciences Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 HZ Delft 2629 Netherlands Department of Civil Building and Environmental Engineering University of Napoli Federico II Via Claudio 21 Napoli 80125 Italy

This case study investigated the effectiveness of Direct Contact Membrane Distillation (DCMD) in treating real textile wastewater. Textile wastewater treatment presents a critical challenge in the field of environmental sustainability, requiring innovative approaches for its treatment to mitigate adverse impacts on ecosystems. DCMD emerges as a promising solution for the treatment and reuse of textile wastewater. However, the intricate composition of real textile wastewater represents a major bottleneck for the process, as the effectiveness of DCMD is influenced by numerous factors, complicating its application. In this study, experiments with an untreated sample demonstrate the detrimental impact of suspended solids on membrane performance. The application of simple pretreatment steps prior to DCMD, involving sedimentation and filtration, substantially enhanced the quality of the permeate, resulting in 100 % color removal, 99.99 % turbidity removal, and considerable removal rates for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC). Nevertheless, wetting remained a significant issue, as evidenced by the persistence of commonly used volatile organic contaminants and surfactants in the textile industry detected within the permeate. The findings in this case study reinforce that DCMD holds promise for textile wastewater treatment but emphasize the necessity of pretreatment and wetting mitigation strategies to fully unlock its potential. This research offers crucial insights for future MD applications in addressing the complexities of textile wastewater treatment. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) Industrial wastewater reuse Membrane wetting Optical coherence tomography (OCT) Pretreatment strategies Textile wastewater treatment Volatile organic contaminants

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ELEMENTAL CARBON AEROSOLS IN THE URBAN, RURAL, AND REMOTE-MARINE TROPOSPHERE AND IN THE STRATOSPHERE - INFERENCES FROM LIGHT-ABSORPTION DATA AND CONSEQUENCES REGARDING RADIATIVE-TRANSFER

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SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 1984年第JUN期36卷 97-102页

作者： CLARKE, AD WEISS, RE CHARLSON, RJ Environmental Engineering and Science Program Dept. of Civil Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 U.S.A.

Light absorption by carbon particles has been clearly demonstrated to be important to urban and regional scale radiative processes, with questions remaining about the global scale. Measurements of the light absorption coefficient of size-classified samples of aerosol particles from a wide variety of locations reveal a nearly ubiquitous presence of optically effective carbonaceous particles concentrated in the submicron sizes. Light absorption coefficients at 0.5 μm wavelength for urban areas range from 10 −5 m −1 or less to well over 10 −3 m −1 . Remote marine and stratospheric locations exhibit values as low as a few times 10 −8 m −1 (referenced to sea level) with rural areas in between. Both chemical analysis (in urban/rural cases) and mass absorptivities (in remote cases) indicate that the light absorption is largely due to an elemental carbon component. Since this material probably is produced exclusively by combustion of carbon-based materials and since this occurs primarily on land, the elemental carbon in remote locations may be a residue which has undergone long-distance transport. This hypothesis can be used as the basis for a simple flow diagram which portrays the urban/industrial regions as the source, dispersion carrying carbon aerosol through rural to remote areas with removal occurring continuously or periodically over the lifetime. Via this model the data allow a crude estimation of the regional and hemispheric influence of sources. Collected data will be summarized with ancillary estimates heating rate, demonstrating the range of expected radiative effects.

关键词： Aerosol Carbon, elemental Light absorption data

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Performance of long-term, field-scale bioremediation process

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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 1996年第2-3期50卷 105-128页

作者： Loehr, RC Webster, MT Environmental Water Resources Engineering Program Civil Engineering Department ECJ 9.102F The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

The behavior of chemicals over long periods of time must be investigated to assess the effectiveness of bioremediation. Three long-term, field-scale studies are presented and demonstrate the effectiveness of bioremediation at reducing chemical concentrations, mobility, and toxicity in soils and sludges over long time-periods. Two case studies described the land-treatment of wood-treatment site soils and sludges while the third case study described the land-treatment of oily wastes from petroleum industry operations. These long-term studies confirmed that chemicals in bioremediation residues are contained in treated soils, that chemical concentrations continue to decline after active remediation stops, and that toxicity is reduced. Even though significant concentrations of chemicals were present in the residuals, the toxicity and mobility of the residual chemicals and, therefore, the risk associated with them, had been substantially reduced,

关键词： bioremediation toxicity mobility risk environmentally acceptable endpoint wood treatment petroleum hydrocarbon

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PSYCHOPHYSICS, VISIBILITY AND PERCEIVED ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPARENCY

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ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 1987年第1期21卷 159-164页

作者： HENRY, RC University of Southern California Civil Engineering Department Environmental Engineering Program University Park Los Angeles CA 90089-0231 U.S.A.

Layered or regional haze often appears to be a separate, semi-transparent layer overlying a background of mountains and sky. When perceived in this way, the apparent brightness and color of the haze layer and features seen through the haze can be profoundly influenced by the perception of transparency and depth in the scene. Changes in achromatic brightness related to perceived transparency can be quantitatively estimated by the theory of color scission. This theory predicts, for example, that mountains seen through a veil of white haze appear darker than they would if transparency and depth perception were not involved. Also, using the theory, an index of perceptual transparency of the haze can be defined. The results of an experiment to test predictions of the theory are reported. Observers estimated the apparent brightness of distant mountains using a 32-step Munsell brightness scale while a teleradiometer recorded physical light intensities from the mountain and nearby sky. Calculations based on the experimental observations support the theory of color scission as an explanation of perceived transparency. Transparency effects typically alter subjectively determined brightness of mountains seen through haze by 10-40% with changes as large as 60% observed. As such, these perceptual effects are as large or larger than those expected from changes in pollution levels. Also, the calculated index of perceptual transparency is seen to be related to physical contrast, although further work is needed to fully explore its connections with this and other physical parameters.

关键词： Visibility human perception transparency vision

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EXTENSION OF SELF-MODELING CURVE RESOLUTION TO MIXTURES OF MORE THAN 3 COMPONENTS .1. FINDING THE BASIC FEASIBLE REGION

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CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS 1990年第2期8卷 205-216页

作者： HENRY, RC KIM, BM University of Southern California Department of Civil Engineering Environmental Engineering Program University Park Los Angeles CA 90089-2531 U.S.A.

Self-modeling curve resolution attempts to find all possible solutions to a mixture problem which obey certain natural physical constraints expressed as linear inequalities in an eigenspace. The basic feasible region is the region of the eigenspace defined by the intersection of these constraints. A method is given to determine this region for a mixture of any number of components. The outer boundary of the region is found using linear programming methods to determine all its vertices. The vertices of the inner boundary are also found by linear programming;however, the constraints are formulated in a different eigenspace. The method is demonstrated on a set of simulated airborne particulate composition data. A more complete solution to the mixture problem requires additional physical constraints on the solutions. Incorporating these in the model will be the subject of a later paper. The effects of random errors in the data will also be considered at a later time.

关键词： Linear programming

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Assessment of climate change impact on high flows in a watershed characterized by flood regulating reservoirs

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological engineering 2021年第1期14卷 178-191页

作者： Sabin Shrestha Suresh Sharma Civil and Environmental Consultants Inc.BridgeportWV 26554USA Civil/Environmental Engineering Program Youngstown State UniversityOne University PlazaYoungstownOH 44555USA

A climate-induced extreme flow event such as flooding is one of the most devastating natural hazards,which can significantly damage human lives and *** study examined the effects of climate change on the high flow conditions in the Great Miami River Watershed in Ohio under two emission scenarios(RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5).Streamflow for the 21st century was simulated by utilizing a watershed model-SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)and 10 different climate outputs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5(CMIP5).The future streamflow was divided into three equal periods:2016-2043(early century),2044-2071(mid-century),and 2072-2099(late century)and independently analyzed to compare high flows of respective intervals with baseline periods(1988-2015).The analysis predicted that 7-day,10-year high-flow(7Q10)would increase by 38%under RCP 4.5 and 44%under RCP ***,the annual peak flows for study periods were predicted to increase by 26%under RCP 4.5 and 38%under RCP 8.5 from the base ***,the analysis demonstrated an erratic response for monthly peaks indicating that the peak flow would increase in summer months-May and July to ***,the result did not show any significant increase during the winter season,especially from November to *** analysis of the four major dams located in the watershed showed that the dam’s peak discharges increase in January,May,and *** though increasing peaks were projected in September for the 21st century,the monthly peaks from the watershed outlet were found to be lowest in September as compared to other *** frequency of future flooding compared to the historical record was found to be increasing in the mid-century under RCP 4.5 and the late century under RCP *** the future flood is projected to increase,this study finds the reasonable impact of climate change on flood regulating reservoirs/dams in monthly ***,daily high flows(90th percentile flow)would b

关键词： climate change high flows SWAT Great Miami River Watershed flood regulating reservoir assessment

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INSITU, RAPID RESPONSE MEASUREMENT OF H2SO4/(NH4)2SO4 AEROSOLS IN URBAN HOUSTON - A COMPARISON WITH RURAL VIRGINIA

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ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 1983年第9期17卷 1723-1731页

作者： WAGGONER, AP WEISS, RE LARSON, TV Department of Civil Engineering FC-05 Environmental Engineering and Science Program University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 U.S.A.

We report measurements taken in Houston, Texas of the chemical composition and degree of hydration of haze particles and compare these results with previously reported measurements taken in rural Virginia. Our in-situ, real time measurements are based on detecting changes in particle light scattering extinction with changes in relative humidity and air temperature. With these methods we can determine fine particle mass and sulfate mass concentrations, and sulfate to ammonium ion molar ratio. In Houston, fine particle sulfate averaged 42 % of fine particle mass and the composition in terms of ammonium to sulfate molar ratio ranged from 0.5 to 2 with strong diurnal variation. The particles were most acid during the period 1500 to 2000 and neutral during 0200 to 0900. About 1 3 of the time the particles were droplets supersaturated in terms of salt content. In Virginia, the particles were on average more acidic and contained more water than those in Houston, but the particles were never observed to be supersaturated solution droplets. The difference in the hygroscopic behavior of the particles at the two sites is consistent with differences in both particle chemistry and ambient relative humidity.

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Initiation of ice jam in front of bridge piers-An experimental study

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2019年第1期31卷 117-123页

作者： Jun Wang Jian Hua Pang-pang Chen Jueyi Sui Peng Wu Todd Whitcombe College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009China Modern Green Development Co.LTD Beijing 100028China Environmental Sciences and Engineering Program University of Northern British ColumbiaPrince GeorgeBCCanada Environmental System Engineering Program University of ReginaReginaCanada

The presence of bridge piers in natural rivers significantly changes the flow and boundary *** a consequence,ice jams can often be initiated in front of bridge *** the changes in flow conditions,two types of ice jam formation may appear:surface accumulation of ice blocks (surface ice blockage) and thickened accumulation of ice blocks (vertical ice blockage).In the present study,the initiation process of ice jam was studied based on *** is found that the critical ice concentration for ice jam blockage depends on the ice block dimension,channel opening and flow *** surface blockage conditions,a larger ratio of ice cube dimension to channel opening (between piers) can result in a smaller critical ice concentration for ice jam blockage,which has no obvious relation with flow *** vertical blockage conditions,the critical ice concentration for ice jam blockage increases with flow Froude number and decreases with the ratio of ice dimension to channel opening (between piers).Based on experiments conducted in laboratory,equations for determining critical ice concentration for these two types of ice jam blockage have been developed.

关键词： Bridge piers surface ice blockage vertical ice blockage critical ice concentrations

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