To control environmental pollution, the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) plays a vital role in treating wastewater to comply with quality standards before being discharged into the environment. However, not all WWTPs...
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Serious direct and indirect environmental adverse impacts are envisaged from the production of solid waste at construction sites. Whilst there is some interest among construction engineers to apply Sustainable Develop...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1894662040
Serious direct and indirect environmental adverse impacts are envisaged from the production of solid waste at construction sites. Whilst there is some interest among construction engineers to apply Sustainable Development (SD) principles during planning and implementation of construction projects, there is little existing protocols or methods to help them in this regard. This paper provides information on the development of a simulation model to determine solid waste generation at a construction site. The paper also provides a protocol to use the simulation model results in the development of practices and protocols to allow construction activity to contribute towards sustainable development.
One of the wastes generated from coal mining area is the voluminous sludge, laden of metals. This sludge comes as precipitate which is produced from acid mine drainage active treatment ponds and always been disposed t...
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ABET 2000 program criteria requires that student participate in a major design experience prior to graduation (criterion 4) and that programs demonstrate, using primarily direct measures of student performance, that a...
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Digital Terrain Models (DTM) and Digital Elevation Models (DEM) are important for obtaining the Index of Connectivity, as they provide valuable information to assess the possibility of sediments reaching the riverbed ...
Digital Terrain Models (DTM) and Digital Elevation Models (DEM) are important for obtaining the Index of Connectivity, as they provide valuable information to assess the possibility of sediments reaching the riverbed in watershed basins. This is crucial for proactive management, as it allows the adoption of preventive and mitigating measures. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of the spatial resolution of DEMs with resolutions of 5 m and 2 m, and between the DTM and DEM at 2 m, in determining the Index of Connectivity (IC). Additionally, it was investigated whether it is possible to use only one spatial resolution of digital models to assess the geospatial distribution of IC for all hydrogeomorphological landscapes of the Duas Bocas River watershed, located in the Metropolitan Region of Greater Vitória, in the state of Espírito Santo, Southeast Brazil. For this study, the Borselli Index of Connectivity model (et al., 2008) was used, originally developed for rural areas of Italy and widely applied in different regions worldwide. The data used, including Digital Elevation and Terrain Models and land use and cover information, were obtained from the Integrated Geospatial Base System of the State of Espírito Santo (Brazil), which is publicly *** results indicate that a better geospatial representation of IC occurs when changing the spatial resolution of DEMs from a 5 m pixel to a 2 m pixel and when using the 2 m DTM instead of the 2 m DEM. When analyzing the relationship between IC and the hydrogeomorphological landscapes in the basin, it was observed that, in the absence of models with an even finer pixel resolution, the 2 m DTM is the most suitable option, as it presented IC values consistent within and between landscapes in the Escalated Terraces of Southern Espírito Santo, Coastal Hills and Massifs, and Coastal Plateaus sectors. The exception was the fluvio-lagoon plain, which requires an even finer pixel resolution, necessitating further st
Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing Number 4 of 2020,drinking water supply management can stand alone or work together with other *** local government establishes a Regional Drin...
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Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing Number 4 of 2020,drinking water supply management can stand alone or work together with other *** local government establishes a Regional Drinking Water Company which has responsibility for supplying drinking water at the regency/city *** coastal city as the object of study manages clean water then transfers under a private *** to government restrictions regarding the authority to provide clean water,a technical implementation unit was formed for better solution in clean water *** new form of institution will be able to make decisions and carry out execution at any time because it is directly under the authority of the government,it can also apply the concept of good governance to support more transparent *** accordance with the policy,the new institutional form will be able to finance itself,develop the level of service and contribute to regional development as a source of local ***,the institutional transition requires adaptation both from a functional and operational *** this study,an analysis of the readiness for the transition of institutional forms is carried out to minimize conflicts such the lack of improvement in the quality of drinking water services due to limited government authority,insufficient qualified human resources in water management,and the difficulty of developing drinking water service infrastructure because it still depends on the private *** analysis of the structure and human resources associated with clean water service targets also *** strengthening,both regulatory and institutional,is necessary to maximize the roles and functions of the relevant *** a more comprehensive understanding in the preparation of contracts and division of authority,no parties will be aggrieved in the long term.
Floating vegetable oil can be effectively removed from the water surface and the water column as negativelybuoyant oil-mineral aggregates by addition of a dense mineral, such as clay. In bench-scale experiments, it is...
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Floating vegetable oil can be effectively removed from the water surface and the water column as negativelybuoyant oil-mineral aggregates by addition of a dense mineral, such as clay. In bench-scale experiments, it is possible to remove virtually all of the floating oil by addition of a sufficiently large dose of clay (>10 g clay/g oil). Once present in the sediments, vegetable oil can be completely transformed to harmless end products (e.g., carbon dioxide and methane) by naturally occurring microbial populations. Transient production of toxic intermediates (probably free fatty acids), measured as a reduction in sediment EC50 using the Microtox Solid-Phase Test (SPT), was observed during anaerobic biodegradation. The EC50 is the sediment concentration required to reduce light emission by bioluminescent bacteria by 50%. Addition of amorphous ferric hydroxide as an alternative electron acceptor stimulated the rate of vegetable oil biodegradation, but had no effect on the Microtox EC50. Alternative factors, including clay and calcium, were tested for their ability to reduce the transient loxicity by reducing the bioavailability of the free fatty acids. Calcium, and especially calcium plus clay, reduced the rate and extent of vegetable oil biodegradation but had no effect on the sediment toxicity as measured by the Microtox SPT. Only oil biodegradation significantly reduced the sediment toxicity.
During food processing, large amounts of waste are generated, which compromise the environment and society. The valorization of agri-food by-products has been investigated as a solution to obtain clean energy and valu...
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