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Strength and Permeability of Thermally Consolidated Soft Ground

Geotechnical and Geological engineering 2025年第5期43卷 1-24页

作者： Srisakul, Watchara Chub-uppakarn, Tanan Chompoorat, Thanakorn Department of Engineering Technology Faculty of Engineering and Technology Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya Trang92150 Thailand Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Prince of Songkla University Songkhla90110 Thailand Southern Natural Disaster Research Center Prince of Songkla University Songkhla90110 Thailand Civil Engineering Program School of Engineering University of Phayao Phayao56000 Thailand

This study investigates the effects of thermal treatment on the mechanical behavior of highly compressible Pak Phanang clay, a soft soil with low strength that typically requires advanced ground improvement methods. Heating is considered a promising technique for enhancing foundation stability, particularly for critical infrastructure. The research focuses on the thermo-mechanical behavior of the clay, emphasizing consolidation and solidification processes that influence load-bearing capacity. Isotropically consolidated undrained triaxial tests were conducted at temperatures of 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C, and 60 °C with over-consolidation ratios (OCR) of 1, 2, 4, and 8. The results showed that increasing temperature significantly enhanced both peak deviator stress (qu) and the secant Young’s modulus (E50), with a strong linear correlation: E50=108.70×qu. Dry density increased and organic matter content slightly decreased under thermal treatment, particularly in normally consolidated clay. Excess pore water pressure (EPWP) increased linearly with temperature across all OCR values. Consolidation volume change also increased with temperature but decreased as OCR rose. The coefficient of consolidation (Cv) improved with temperature, leading to faster consolidation, especially in normally consolidated specimens. The coefficient of permeability (k) increased with temperature but declined with higher OCR, with k rising by 14.6%–24.2% from 30 °C to 60 °C in normally consolidated samples. Predictive models for qu and k based on temperature and OCR demonstrated high accuracy. Overall, the findings provide a reliable understanding of the thermal–mechanical response of this clay type, supporting its application in temperature-assisted ground improvement. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Shear strength

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Integrating clustering algorithms and machine learning to optimize regional snapshot municipal solid waste management for achieving sustainable development goals

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environmental Advances 2025年 19卷

作者： Taweesan, Achara Kanabkaew, Thongchai Surinkul, Nawatch Polprasert, Chongrak Department of Environmental Science Faculty of Science Ramkhamhaeng University Bangkok Thailand Occupational and Environmental Health Program Faculty of Public Health Thammasat University Pathumthani Thailand Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Mahidol University Thailand Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Thammasat University Pathumthani Thailand

Effective municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is essential for sustainable urban development, significantly impacting environmental health, economic efficiency, and social well-being. It aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG11), which aims to make cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable by ensuring waste is safely managed from collection to disposal. This study evaluates the performance of MSWM practices across various cities in different regions, updated as of March 2023, to assess the achievement of SDG11. By reviewing published literature and conducting questionnaire surveys and key informant interviews with government authorities and service providers, data on access to managed MSW facilities were collected from 470 cities across various income-level regions to monitor MSWM progress toward SDG11 targets. Clustering algorithms and machine learning were employed to identify patterns and enhance MSWM practices across these regions, focusing on achieving SDG11. Hierarchical cluster analysis identified four clusters based on MSWM performance: high-income, upper-middle-income, lower-middle-income, and low-income regions. The developed decision-tree models provided a comprehensive analysis of effective MSW collection and disposal, achieving accuracies of approximately 75 % and 73 %, respectively. The models highlighted the importance of high collection coverage, proper disposal facilities, and robust institutional frameworks in achieving effective MSWM. The findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions and advanced analytical methods to enhance regional MSWM strategies, supporting the attainment of SDG11. © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： Clustering algorithms Collection efficiency Machine learning Municipal solid waste management Sustainable development goal Treatment efficiency Waste management practices

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Ultrathin carbon biphenylene network as an anisotropic thermoelectric material with high temperature stability under mechanical strain

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Physical Review Materials 2025年第2期9卷 024003-024003页

作者： Gözde Özbal Sargin Salih Demirci Kai Gong V. Ongun Özçelik Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Sabanci University Istanbul 34956 Turkey Materials Science and Nano Engineering Program Sabanci University Istanbul 34956 Turkey Department of Physics Kirikkale University Kirikkale 71450 Turkey Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Rice University Texas 77005 USA

Carbon biphenylene network (C-BPN), which is an ultrathin material consisting of carbon atoms arranged in square-hexagonal-octagonal (4-6-8) periodic rings, has intriguing properties for nano-scale device design due to its unique crystal structure. Here, using the Landauer formalism in combination with first-principles calculations, we show that C-BPN is a highly stable thermoelectric material at elevated temperatures under mechanical strain, where its thermoelectric efficiency can be anisotropically engineered. Transport calculations reveal that C-BPN's transmission spectrum has significant degrees of directional anisotropy and it undergoes a metal-insulator transition under strain, which leads to an increase in its Seebeck coefficient. C-BPN's lattice thermal conductance can be selectively tuned up to 35% bidirectionally at room temperature by strain engineering. Enhancement in its power factor and the suppression of its lattice thermal conductance improves the p-type figure of merit up to 0.31 and 0.46 at 300 and 500 K, respectively. Our findings reveal that C-BPN has high potency to be used in thermoelectric nanodevices with selective anisotropic properties at elevated temperatures.

关键词： Metal insulator transition

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Characterization of Ureolysis and Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation Under Different Incubation and Reaction Conditions

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Joo, Hyun-Woo Fyfe, Matthew H. Verdú, Irene Rahmaninezhad, Seyed Ali Sales, Christopher M. Srubar, Wil V. Hubler, Mija H. Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO United States 1111 Engineering Drive – UCB 428 ECOT 441 BoulderCO80309-0422 United States Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering Drexel University PhiladelphiaPA United States Environmental Department Terracon Consulting Inc. The ColonyTX United States Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO United States Department of Biology

This study investigates the ureolysis and microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) characteristics of Sporosarcina pasteurii and Lysinibacillus sphaericus under varying incubation and reaction conditions. A series of batch MICP experiments were conducted to assess the effects of incubation duration and pH, bacterial cell density, and reagent (i.e., urea and calcium ion) concentrations on ureolysis and CaCO3 precipitation characteristics. The findings indicate that both bacteria exhibit higher urease activity after 24 hours of incubation compared to 48 hours, regardless of incubation pH. S. pasteurii exhibits maximum specific urease activity at an alkaline pH (pH 9.0), whereas L. sphaericus reaches peak activity at a neutral pH (pH 7.2). Across six incubation conditions for each bacterium, S. pasteurii exhibits greater sensitivity in specific urease activity, while L. sphaericus maintains a more consistent ureolysis performance. In terms of cell density, a lower OD600 (~0.1) enhances specific urease activity and early-stage mineralization efficiency, whereas a higher OD600 (~1.0) accelerates overall CaCO3 precipitation, enhances terminal-stage mineralization efficiency, and promotes the prolonged presence of vaterite. High reagent concentrations (1.0 and 1.5 M) enhance specific urease activity and CaCO3 precipitation rates and lead to over 93% of vaterite formation, while low reagent concentration (0.3 M) favors calcite-dominant precipitation over time. These findings provide insights into evaluating and optimizing MICP performance under varying incubation and reaction conditions. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbonation

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Assessing the Potential of Biodegradable Plastics in a Circular Economy: A Methodological Outlook

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Circular Economy and Sustainability 2025年第2期5卷 1291-1305页

作者： Scheers, Quinten Nimmegeers, Philippe Galant, Or Spatari, Sabrina Van den Brande, Niko Brancart, Joost Billen, Pieter Faculty of Applied Engineering Intelligence in Processes Advanced Catalysts and Solvents (iPRACS) University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 Antwerp 2020 Belgium Faculty of Business and Economics Department of Engineering Management Environmental Economics (EnvEcon) University of Antwerp Prinsstraat 13 Antwerp 2000 Belgium Flanders Make@UAntwerp Antwerp 2000 Belgium Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Technion– Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel Grand Technion Energy Program Technion– Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science (FYSC) Vrije Universiteit Brussel Pleinlaan 2 Brussels 1050 Belgium IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Valhallavägen 81 Stockholm 11428 Sweden

Increased biodegradability, in other words reduced environmental recalcitrance, has the potential to be an important asset in the battle against plastics pollution. It can partially mitigate global plastic leakages into the environment, which is next to their impact on climate change the biggest concern regarding plastics use. Biodegradation should be regarded as an optimal safety net in many applications and should often not be the targeted waste management option for biodegradable plastics. Biodegradability should not preclude reuse or proper recyclability, which are impactful means to reduce the carbon intensity of plastics lifecycles. Despite the added advantages, the market penetration of biodegradable plastics is only very slowly growing. Moreover, policy recommends its use only in limited applications, driven by sometimes-higher cost and limited recyclability. In this article, we posit that arguments against widespread application of biodegradable plastics are largely driven by misperceptions arising from intrinsic limitations of contemporary sustainability assessments and offer an alternative viewpoint that could compensate for this. In general, sustainability assessments fail to properly assess learning curves, often do not take littering potential into account, and are rather conservative with respect to background systems. Hence, recyclability– or better: circularity– judgements often do not resolve the paradoxical situation in which increased market shares lead to easier and more profitable recycling schemes and vice versa. Judging disruptive innovations by incorporating thermodynamics-inspired, less data-intensive, state-based methods, based on, e.g., statistical entropy analysis, into the decision support framework could allow to forecast packaging markets with performant materials that are intrinsically circular, having reduced environmental recalcitrance. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： Biodegradable Plastics Decision Making Statistical Entropy Sustainability Assessments

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Versatile Test Reactor Open Digital engineering Ecosystem

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Insight 2025年第1期28卷 64-68页

作者： Ritter, Christopher Browning, Jeren Suyderhoud, Peter Hays, Ross Marshall, AnnMarie Han, Kevin Ashbocker, Taylor Darrington, John Nelson, Lee Idaho National Laboratory Department of Digital Systems & Engineering Versatile Test Reactor Program Idaho FallsID83401 United States Pivotal Solutions 3 Grace Avenue Suite 162 Great NeckNY11021 United States North Carolina State University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering United States Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 205 N. Mathews Ave. UrbanaIL61801 United States

Modern design of nuclear facilities represents unique challenges: enabling the design of complex advanced concepts, supporting geographically dispersed teams, and supporting first-of-a-kind system development. Errors made early in design can introduce silent errors. These errors can cascade causing unknown risk of complex engineering programs. The Versatile Test Reactor (VTR) program uses digital-engineering principles for design, procurement, construction, and operation to reduce risk and improve efficiencies. Digital engineering is an integrated, model-based approach which connects proven digital tools such as building information management (BIM), project controls, and systems-engineering software tools into a cohesive environment. The VTR team hypothesizes using these principals can lead to similar risk and cost reductions and schedule efficiencies observed in other engineering industries. This research investigates the use of a digital engineering ecosystem in the design of a 300-MWt sodium-cooled fast reactor. This ecosystem was deployed to over 200 engineers and used to deliver the conceptual design of the VTR. We conclude that initial results show significant reductions in user latency (1000x at peak use), the possibility of direct finite-element-analysis (FEA) integrations to computer-aided design (CAD) tools, and nuclear reactor system design descriptions (SDDs) that we can fully link throughout design in data-driven requirements-management software. These early results led to the VTR maintaining milestone performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Copyright © 2022 by Idaho National Laboratory. Published by INCOSE with permission.

关键词： Sodium-cooled fast reactors

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Scenario Generation for Built Environment Decision Support under Uncertainty: Case Studies of Airflow Modeling and Climate-Resilient Infrastructure System Design

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Journal of Computing in civil engineering 2025年第4期39卷

作者： Luo, Linchao Cheng, Chih-Shen Mobley, William Novoselac, Atila Lieberknecht, Katherine Leite, Fernanda Civil Engineering and Project Management Program Dept. of Civil Architectural Environmental Engineering Univ. of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Texas Advanced Computing Center Univ. of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Robert and Francis Stark Centennial Fellowship in Engineering Dept. of Civil Architectural Environmental Engineering Univ. of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States School of Architecture Univ. of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Cockrell School of Engineering Joe J. King in Civil Architectural Environmental Engineering Univ. of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States

When confronted with unforeseen challenges, practicing informed decision making is crucial for enhancing resilience in the built environment. While scan-to-building information modeling (BIM) is a well-established approach for creating detailed digital representations of physical assets, its application in assessing and improving infrastructure resilience remains underexplored. This study addresses this gap by proposing a novel application of scan-to-BIM, namely, scan-to-BIM-to-digital twin (S-BIM-DT) workflow. By integrating reality capture and digital twin technologies, this workflow creates continuously updated and accurate digital representations of physical assets, enabling the generation of various scenarios. Unlike traditional methods, the S-BIM-DT workflow facilitates continuous model refinement, supporting informed resilience strategies. By combining these technologies into a cohesive process, the workflow facilitates decision making under uncertainty, enabling stakeholders to evaluate and respond to various scenarios effectively. We demonstrate the implementation of the S-BIM-DT workflow through two use cases that highlight its capability to enhance resilience at different scales. The first use case involves the Combined Transportation, Emergency, and Communications Center (CTECC) in Austin, Texas. BIM-enriched computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling simulates airflow and develops alternative scenarios for optimizing the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. This approach enhances resilience against airborne health threats in a postCOVID context. The second use case focuses on designated areas within Beaumont, Texas, as part of the Southeast Texas Urban Integrated Field Laboratory (SETx-UIFL) research. By developing inundation maps to assess extreme weather events, this modeling aids in preparedness efforts and informs the development of climate-resilient infrastructure in vulnerable neighborhoods. Results indicate that the S-BIM-D

关键词： Binary codes

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Mixotrophic Chlorella pyrenoidosa biofilm with enhanced biomass production, microalgal activity, and nutrient removal from nutrient-rich wastewater

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Journal of environmental Sciences (China) 2025年 157卷 366-377页

作者： Wu, Xiongwei Jin, Cong Zhang, Chiqian Li, Ping Huang, Jim Junhui Wu, Jing Wu, Jinhua Hu, Zhiqiang School of Environment and Energy South China University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China Zhongshan Institute of Modern Industrial Technology of South China University of Technology Zhongshan528400 China Civil Engineering Program College of Engineering & Computer Science Arkansas State University JonesboroAR72467 United States Environmental Research Institute National University of Singapore Singapore117411 Singapore Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Missouri-Columbia 65211 United States

Microalgae possess significant advantages in nitrogen and phosphorus removal from nutrient-rich wastewater that are highly efficient and independent of the C/N ratio. However, challenges such as low biomass productivity, high variability in nutrient removal under different trophic types, and difficulty in harvesting biomass limits the large-scale application of microalgae wastewater treatment. This study attempted to employ mixotrophic microalgae biofilm to address these issues. The biomass production, microalgal activity, and nutrient removal of Chlorella pyrenoidosa biofilms with different trophic types were compared for nutrient-rich wastewater treatment. The results showed that the biomass productivity of the mixotrophic microalgal biofilm (0.215 g/(L·d)) was 2.3, 8.6, and 6.0 times higher than that of photoautotrophic microalgal biofilm, heterotrophic microalgal biofilm, and photoautotrophic suspended microalga, respectively. Additionally, the dehydrogenase activity (DHA), indicating microalgal activity, of the mixotrophic biofilm was 2.3 and 16.5 times higher than that of photoautotrophic and heterotrophic biofilms, respectively. Meanwhile, the mixotrophic biofilm removed 96.0 % of NH4+-N and 99.2 % of PO43–-P, more efficient than that with other types of biofilms and suspended microalgae. In an open-ended air-lift photobioreactor, the mixotrophic microalgal biofilm produced biomass at 0.12 g/(L·d) and removed 90.0 % of NH4+-N and 97.6 % of PO43–-P. This study suggests that the mixotrophic microalgal biofilm shows promise in treating nutrient-rich wastewater and producing microalgal biomass for value-added products. © 2024

关键词： Microalgae

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Partitioning Uncertainty from Climate Change Inputs on Streamflow Projections in the Bicol River Basin, Philippines

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Bañares, Ernie Nograles Mehboob, Muhammad Shafqat Panda, Manas Ranjan Engineering Graduate Program School of Engineering University of San Carlos Cebu City6000 Philippines College of Engineering and Architecture Sorsogon State University Sorsogon City4700 Philippines Department of Civil Engineering School of Engineering University of San Carlos Cebu City6000 Philippines Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Yonsei University Seoul Korea Republic of

Increasing threats to global water resources from climate change emphasize the importance of comprehending its impacts on hydrology for effective water management. This article quantifies climate input uncertainty in streamflow projections for the Libmanan-Pulantuna Watershed (LPW) in the Bicol River Basin, Philippines. Using the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model, we simulated streamflow based on future climate projections (FCPs) from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) greenhouse-gas emission scenarios, utilizing Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phases 5 (CMIP5) and 6 (CMIP6) datasets. Four Global Circulation Models (GCMs) and three bias correction techniques (Linear Scaling, Quantile Mapping, and Detrended Quantile Mapping) were applied. Results showed significant differences between the CMIP datasets, with raw CMIP6 better capturing historical climate patterns. Bias correction methods reduced projection biases in precipitation and air temperatures. Projections revealed increasing low flows and decreasing high flows, especially under high-emission scenarios, worsening water shortages during critical periods. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that climate models were a major source of uncertainty in hydrological projections. Combined FCPs and GCMs contributed to 50%-75% of total uncertainty across flow percentiles and future periods (near-future, mid-future, far-future). These findings underscore the importance of careful model selection and effective bias correction for reliable hydrological projections, crucial for water management strategies in areas like the Bicol River Basin, where water resources are essential for communities and ecosystems. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Rivers

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Sorptive removal of neonicotinoid pesticides by nanobiochars: Efficiency, kinetics, and reusability

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Journal of Hazardous Materials 2025年 493卷

作者： Radwan, Islam M. Wang, Chongyang Kim, Jae-Hong Wei, Haoran Wang, Dengjun Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering University of Florida GainesvilleFL32611 United States Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Yale University New HavenCT06511 United States Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program University of Wisconsin−Madison 660 N. Park Street MadisonWI53706 United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Wisconsin−Madison 1415 Engineering Drive MadisonWI53706 United States

The widespread use of neonicotinoid (NEO) pesticides has raised significant environmental concerns due to their toxicity. We investigated the performance of 16 nanobiochars (NBCs), including NBC produced by Douglas fir at 900 °C (Doug 900 NBC), as sustainable sorbents for removing three common NEOs from aqueous solutions: imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam. The NBCs showed high sorption efficiency (∼ 100 %) and fast sorption kinetics ( © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Reusability

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