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Computational and Formulation Considerations in Multiobjective Analysis in Water Resource Planning

IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1975年第1期8卷 412-418页

作者： Jared L. Cohon David H. Marks The Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering The Johns Hopkins University Ames Hall Baltimore Maryland 21718 U.S.A. Systems Methodology Group Department of Civil Engineering Room 1-163 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 U.S.A.

The formal representation of large scale water resource planning problems in a multiobiective framework presents difficult conceptual problems in constructing response surfaces as well as computational difficulties in searching for points of good design. This paper first characterizes the nature and complexity of water resource problems and presents a state of the art evaluation of the multiobjective solution techniques employed in their analysis. Then consideration is turned to some important issues in problem formulation i.e. the selection of metrics for evaluating objectives such as environmental concerns and the modeling of physical and social system interaction necessary to predict the outcome of a particular plan in terms of the selected objectives and metrics. Special consideration is given to regional planning problems where modeling efforts to relate economic and social impacts of regional infrastructure development (i.e. transportation and water resources projects) are often on a vastly different scale than models to predict the impact of new projects on the physical environment.

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ROLE OF SYNTHETIC TIME SERIES IN HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL DATA ANALYSIS

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JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 1975年第4期11卷 770-782页

作者： Shahane, Ashok N. Thomas, Daniel Bock, Paul Respectively Environmental Systems Engineer Central and Southern Florida Flood Control District West Palm Beach Florida 33402 Assistant Professor of Statistics Department of Statistics University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut 06268 and Professor of Hydrology and Water Resources Civil Engineering Department University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut 06268.

ABSTRACT: The use of synthetic time series (artificially simulated time series with specific and useful properties built into them) to increase the confidence in the statistical parameters of limited hydrometeorological time series is the subject matter of this paper. By constructing fourteen synthetic time series, a sensitivity analysis is performed to assess the net effect of nonstationarity, number of lags and small sample size on estimated spectral densities. Similarly, the effects of the harmonic‐removal procedure on the resulting residual series and the confidence limits in cross spectral analysis are examined in the light of synthetic time series analysis. These analyses clearly indicate the useful supplemental role of synthetic time series in data analysis. Copyright © 1975, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

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Structural Health Monitoring and engineering Structures 1

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丛书名： Lecture Notes in civil engineering

1000年

作者： Tinh Quoc Bui Le Thanh Cuong Samir Khatir

ISBN: (数字)9789811609459

ISBN: (纸本)9789811609442;9789811609473

The book presents the select proceedings of International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring and engineering Structures (SHM&ES) 2020. It brings together different applied and technological aspects of structural health monitoring. The main topics covered in this book include damage assessment, structural health monitoring, engineering fracture mechanics, Inverse problem using optimization techniques, machine learning, deep learning, Artificial intelligent and non-destructive evaluation. It will be a reference for professionals and students in the areas of civil engineering, applied natural sciences and engineering management.

关键词： Building Construction and Design Mechanical engineering Aerospace Technology and Astronautics

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Recent Developments in Water Resources and Transportation engineering 1

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丛书名： Lecture Notes in civil engineering

1000年

作者： Nidhi Nagabhatla Yusuf Mehta Brijesh Kumar Yadav Ambika Behl Madhuri Kumari

ISBN: (数字)9789819929054

ISBN: (纸本)9789819929047;9789819929078

This book comprises select proceedings of the International Conference on Trends and Recent Advances in civil engineering (TRACE 2022). The book focuses on the latest research works carried out in the area of water resources and transportation engineering. Various topics covered in this book include technological intervention and solution for smart and sustainability in water resources and transportation infrastructure, crop protection, resilience to disaster like flood, hurricane, and drought, traffic congestion, transport planning, green and intelligent transportation infrastructure, etc. The book is useful to researchers and practitioners working in the areas of civil engineering, water resources, and transportation engineering.

关键词： Transportation Technology and Traffic engineering Environment, general Waste Management/Waste Technology Waste Management/Waste Technology

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Modeling the Morphodynamics of Coastal Responses to Extreme Events: What Shape Are We In?

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Marine Science 1000年第1期14卷 457-492页

作者： Christopher R. Sherwood Ap van Dongeren James Doyle Christie A. Hegermiller Tian-Jian Hsu Tarandeep S. Kalra Maitane Olabarrieta Allison M. Penko Yashar Rafati Dano Roelvink Marlies van der Lugt Jay Veeramony John C. Warner 1Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center US Geological Survey Woods Hole Massachusetts 02543 USA email: csherwood@usgs.gov 3Coastal and Urban Risk and Resilience IHE Delft Institute for Water Education 2611 AX Delft The Netherlands 2Marine and Coastal Systems Deltares 2629 HV Delft The Netherlands 4US Naval Research Laboratory Monterey California 93943 USA 5Center for Applied Coastal Research Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Delaware Newark Delaware 19716 USA 6Integrated Statistics (contracted to the US Geological Survey) Woods Hole Massachusetts 02543 USA 7Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 USA 8US Naval Research Laboratory Stennis Space Center Mississippi 39529 USA 9Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Delft University of Technology 2628 CD Delft The Netherlands

This review focuses on recent advances in process-based numerical models of the impact of extreme storms on sandy coasts. Driven by larger-scale models of meteorology and hydrodynamics, these models simulate morphodynamics across the Sallenger storm-impact scale, including swash,collision, overwash, and inundation. Models are becoming both wider (as more processes are added) and deeper (as detailed physics replaces earlier parameterizations). Algorithms for wave-induced flows and sediment transport under shoaling waves are among the recent developments. Community and open-source models have become the norm. Observations of initial conditions (topography, land cover, and sediment characteristics) have become more detailed, and improvements in tropical cyclone and wave models provide forcing (winds, waves, surge, and upland flow) that is better resolved and more accurate, yielding commensurate improvements in model skill. We foresee that future storm-impact models will increasingly resolve individual waves, apply data assimilation, and be used in ensemble modeling modes to predict uncertainties.

关键词： coastal morphodynamics extreme storms coastal modeling sandy coasts waves sediment transport

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CONTROL OF SHIPBOARD WASTES

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1971年第3期83卷 118-&页

作者： KINNEY, ET CONSTANT, A Edward T. Kinney a native of Grand Rapids Michigan earned his Bachelor of Science degree with honors in Civil Engineering from Michigan State University in 1952. He began his career with the Bureau of Ships as a Naval Architect in the Hull Design Training Program in September 1952. Kinney has served as a Project Coordinator in the Machinery Systems Division and is currently Head of the Environmental Pollution Control Branch at the Naval Ship Engineering Center. He is a member of several committees including the Department of Defense Environmental Pollution Control Committee and the Interagency Committee on Vessel Pollution Standards. Alexander Constant graduated from Pennsylvania Military College in June 1960 with a B.S. in Civil Engineering. After two years with the U.S. Forest Services working as a Civil Sanitary Engineer designing recreational facilities Constant joined the Vermont Water Resources Department as a Project Engineer. For the past five years he has been associated with the Naval Ship Engineering Center Piping System Branch responsible for design and development of systems and equipment to abate and control shipboard generated waste. He is presently Acting Head of the Sewage and Waste Water Section of the Environmental Pollution Control Branch NavSec.

The Navy, as well as other Federal Agencies and the private sector, has a clear mandate to stop polluting the environment, Various sources of environmental pollution caused by the operation of naval ships are discussed and characterized by the following general categories: Sewage; Oil; Industrial; Combustion Products; and Other Mission Related Wastes. Existing procedures for controlling these pollutants and advanced concepts for more complete control are discussed. Currently a very small percentage of ships are equipped to control environmental pollution. Complete control of ship wastes will be very costly and technically challenging. The first steps to effect control have been taken but greater strides are required.

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The Global Technical, Economic, and Feasible Potential of Renewable Electricity

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Environment and Resources 1000年第1期48卷 419-449页

作者： Nils Angliviel de La Beaumelle Kornelis Blok Jacques A. de Chalendar Leon Clarke Andrea N. Hahmann Jonathan Huster Gregory F. Nemet Dhruv Suri Thomas B. Wild Inês M.L. Azevedo 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Stanford University Stanford California USA email: ndelabea@stanford.edu 2Faculty of Technology Policy and Management Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands 3Department of Energy Science and Engineering Stanford University Stanford California USA 4Bezos Earth Fund Washington DC USA 5Department of Wind and Energy Systems Technical University of Denmark Roskilde Denmark 6La Follette School of Public Affairs University of Wisconsin–Madison Wisconsin USA 8Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center and Center for Global Sustainability University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA 7Joint Global Change Research Institute Pacific Northwest National Laboratory College Park Maryland USA

Renewable electricity generation will need to be rapidly scaled to address climate change and other environmental challenges. Doing so effectively will require an understanding of resource availability. We review estimates for renewable electricity of the global technical potential, defined as the amount of electricity that could be produced with current technologies when accounting for geographical and technical limitations as well as conversion efficiencies; economic potential, which also includes cost; and feasible potential, which accounts for societal and environmental constraints. We consider utility-scale and rooftop solar photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, onshore and offshore wind, hydropower, geothermal electricity, and ocean (wave, tidal, ocean thermal energy conversion, and salinity gradient energy) technologies. We find that the reported technical potential for each energy resource ranges over several orders of magnitude across and often within technologies. Therefore, we also discuss the main factors explaining why authors find such different results. According to this review and on the basis of the most robust studies, we find that technical potentials for utility-scale solar photovoltaic, concentrated solar power, onshore wind, and offshore wind are above 100 PWh/year. Hydropower, geothermal electricity, and ocean thermal energy conversion have technical potentials above 10 PWh/year. Rooftop solar photovoltaic, wave, and tidal have technical potentials above 1 PWh/year. Salinity gradient has a technical potential above 0.1 PWh/year. The literature assessing the global economic potential of renewables, which considers the cost of each renewable resource, shows that the economic potential is higher than current and near-future electricity demand. Fewer studies have calculated the global feasible potential, which considers societal and environmental constraints. While these ranges are useful for assessing the magnitude of available energy sources,

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Levelized Cost of Energy in Sustainable Energy Communities 1

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丛书名： SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology

1000年

作者： Miguel de Simón-Martín Alberto González-Martínez Stefano Bracco Giorgio Piazza Federico Delfino Luisa Carlotta Pagnini

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Land-Management Options for Greenhouse Gas Removal and Their Impacts on Ecosystem Services and the Sustainable Development Goals

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Environment and Resources 1000年第1期44卷 255-286页

作者： Pete Smith Justin Adams David J. Beerling Tim Beringer Katherine V. Calvin Sabine Fuss Bronson Griscom Nikolas Hagemann Claudia Kammann Florian Kraxner Jan C. Minx Alexander Popp Phil Renforth Jose Luis Vicente Vicente Saskia Keesstra 1Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen AB24 3UU United Kingdom email: pete.smith@abdn.ac.uk 2World Economic Forum 1223 Cologny Switzerland 3Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield S10 2TN United Kingdom 4Integrative Research Institute on Transformations of Human Environment Systems (IRI THESys) Humboldt University of Berlin 10099 Berlin Germany 5Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Joint Global Change Research Institute College Park Maryland 20740 USA 7Geographical Institute Humboldt University of Berlin 10099 Berlin Germany 6Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change 10829 Berlin Germany 8The Nature Conservancy Arlington Virginia 22203 USA 10Environmental Analytics Agroscope 8046 Zurich Switzerland 9Ithaka Institute gGmbH 79106 Freiburg Germany 11Institute for Applied Ecology Department of Climatic Effects on Special Crops Hochschule Geisenheim University 65366 Geisenheim Germany 12International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis A-2361 Laxenburg Austria 13Priestley International Centre for Climate School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom 14Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research 14412 Potsdam Germany 15Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh TD1 3HF United Kingdom 17Civil Surveying and Environmental Engineering The University of Newcastle Callaghan 2308 Australia 16Wageningen Environmental Research 6708 PB Wageningen The Netherlands

Land-management options for greenhouse gas removal (GGR) include afforestation or reforestation (AR), wetland restoration, soil carbon sequestration (SCS), biochar, terrestrial enhanced weathering (TEW), and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). We assess the opportunities and risks associated with these options through the lens of their potential impacts on ecosystem services (Nature's Contributions to People; NCPs) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We find that all land-based GGR options contribute positively to at least some NCPs and SDGs. Wetland restoration and SCS almost exclusively deliver positive impacts. A few GGR options, such as afforestation, BECCS, and biochar potentially impact negatively some NCPs and SDGs, particularly when implemented at scale, largely through competition for land. For those that present risks or are least understood, more research is required, and demonstration projects need to proceed with caution. For options that present low risks and provide cobenefits, implementation can proceed more rapidly following no-regrets principles.

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Instructive Surprises in the Hydrological Functioning of Landscapes

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Earth and Planetary Sciences 1000年第1期51卷 277-299页

作者： James W. Kirchner Paolo Benettin Ilja van Meerveld 3Department of Earth and Planetary Science University of California Berkeley California USA 2Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research Birmensdorf Switzerland 1Department of Environmental Systems Science ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland email: kirchner@ethz.ch 4Laboratory of Ecohydrology School of Architecture Civil and Environmental Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland 5Department of Geography University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland

Landscapes receive water from precipitation and then transport, store, mix, and release it, both downward to streams and upward to vegetation. How they do this shapes floods, droughts, biogeochemical cycles, contaminant transport, and the health of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Because many of the key processes occur invisibly in the subsurface, our conceptualization of them has often relied heavily on physical intuition. In recent decades, however, much of this intuition has been overthrown by field observations and emerging measurement methods, particularly involving isotopic tracers. Here we summarize key surprises that have transformed our understanding of hydrological processes at the scale of hillslopes and drainage basins. These surprises have forced a shift in perspective from process conceptualizations that are relatively static, homogeneous, linear, and stationary to ones that are predominantly dynamic, heterogeneous, nonlinear, and nonstationary. ▪ Surprising observations and novel measurements are transforming our understanding of the hydrological functioning of landscapes. ▪ Even during storm peaks, streamflow is composed mostly of water that has been stored in the landscape for weeks, months, or years. ▪ Streamflow and tree water uptake often originate from different subsurface storages and from different seasons’ precipitation. ▪ Stream networks dynamically extend and retract as the landscape wets and dries, and many stream reaches lose flow into underlying aquifers.

关键词： hydrology ecohydrology isotopes catchment hillslope runoff

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