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arXiv 2022年

作者： Bayen, Alexandre M. Keimer, Alexander Müller, Nils Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California Berkeley United States Germany Max Planck Institute for Software Systems Saarland Informatics Campus Germany

Networks are essential models in many applications such as information technology, chemistry, power systems, transportation, neuroscience, and social sciences. In light of such broad applicability, a general theory of dynamical systems on networks may capture shared concepts, and provide a setting for deriving abstract properties. To this end, we develop a calculus for networks modeled as abstract metric spaces and derive an analog of Kirchhoff’s first law for hyperbolic conservation laws. In dynamical systems on networks, Kirchhoff’s first law connects the study of abstract global objects, and that of a computationally-beneficial edgewise-Euclidean perspective by stating its equivalence. In particular, our results show that hyperbolic conservation laws on networks can be stated without explicit Kirchhoff-type boundary *** Codes 35R02, 35C99 (Primary) 35L65, 00A71 (Secondary) © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Dynamical systems

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Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction via Social Media

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Habib, Al Zadid Sultan Bin Syed, Md Asif Bin Islam, Md Tanvirul Adjeroh, Donald A. Lane Department of Computer Science Electrical Engineering West Virginia University MorgantownWV26506 United States Department of Industrial and Management Systems Engineering West Virginia University MorgantownWV26506 United States Wadsworth Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering West Virginia University MorgantownWV26506 United States

Researchers use Twitter and sentiment analysis to predict Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk. We developed a new dictionary of CVD-related keywords by analyzing emotions expressed in tweets. Tweets from eighteen US states, including the Appalachian region, were collected. Using the VADER model for sentiment analysis, users were classified as potentially at CVD risk. Machine Learning (ML) models were employed to classify individuals’ CVD risk and applied to a CDC dataset with demographic information to make the comparison. Performance evaluation metrics such as Test Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1 score, Mathew’s Correlation Coefficient (MCC), and Cohen’s Kappa (CK) score were considered. Results demonstrated that analyzing tweets’ emotions surpassed the predictive power of demographic data alone, enabling the identification of individuals at potential risk of developing CVD. This research highlights the potential of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and ML techniques in using tweets to identify individuals with CVD risks, providing an alternative approach to traditional demographic information for public health monitoring. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Sentiment analysis

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The impacts of climate change on groundwater quality: A review

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Science of the Total Environment 2024年 912卷 169241页

作者： Dao, Phuong Uyen Heuzard, Arnaud Guillaume Le, Thi Xuan Hoa Zhao, Jing Yin, Ran Shang, Chii Fan, Chihhao Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

Groundwater has been known as the second largest freshwater storage in the world, following surface water. Over the years, groundwater has already been under overwhelming pressure to satisfy human needs for artificial activities around the world. Meanwhile, the most noticeable footprint of human activities is the impact of climate change. Climate change has the potential to change the physical and chemical properties of groundwater, thereby affecting its ecological functions. This study summarizes existing research affiliated with the possible effects of a changing climate on the quality of groundwater, including changes in water availability, increased salinity and pollution from extreme weather events, and the potentiality of seawater intrusion into coastal aquifers. Previous works dealing with groundwater-induced responses to the climate system and climate impacts on groundwater quality through natural and anthropogenic processes have been reviewed. The climate-induced changes in groundwater quality including pH, dissolved oxygen level, salinity, and concentrations of organic and inorganic compounds were assessed. Some future research directions are proposed, including exploring the potential changes in the occurrences and fate of micropollutants in groundwater, examining the relationship between the increase of microcystin in groundwater and climate change, studying the changes in the stability of metals and metal complexation, and completing studies across different regional climate regions. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Aquifers

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Volatile Organic Compound Composition and Emissions in a Residential Attic

ACS ES&T Air

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ACS ES&T Air 2024年第6期1卷 559-569页

作者： Betty Molinier Caleb Arata David M. Lunderberg Brett C. Singer William W Nazaroff Allen H. Goldstein Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California Berkeley California 94720 United States Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley California 94720 United States Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management University of California Berkeley California 94720 United States Indoor Environment Group and Residential Building Systems Group Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 United States

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important constituents of indoor and urban air pollution. Emissions into building attics have rarely been studied, resulting in a lack of information about this potentially important air pollution source. VOC transport from residential attics to outdoor air is generally missing from emission inventories. In this study, attic VOC concentrations and emissions were assessed in a normally-occupied single-family residence in Oakland, California over 10 weeks during autumn 2021. A proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer was utilized to sequentially measure VOC concentrations in the attic, the living space, and outdoors at a rate of twice per hour. Over 200 VOCs were detected at concentrations averaging above five parts per trillion, including many known to be emitted from building materials and wood decomposition. Inert tracer gases were continuously released at known rates into the attic, living zone, and basement to characterize air change rates and interzonal flows. Combining the measurements in a material-balance model, we determine time-resolved and speciated VOC emission factors into the attic and to outdoors from the attic. We find that furfural is a key indicator species and that large diurnal temperature changes in the attic significantly influence VOC emissions from the attic to *** regarding residential attic VOC composition and emission rates is scarce. This study reports average concentrations and investigates the temperature dependence of direct attic VOC emission rates.

关键词： Alcohols Aldehydes Atmospheric chemistry Organic acids Show More

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Numerical and Experimental Study of a Twisted Delta-Bladed Darrieus Wind Rotor

Numerical and Experimental Study of a Twisted Delta-Bladed D...

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International Renewable Energy Congress

作者： Mariem Lajnef Hasna Abid Zied Driss Tullio Tucciarelli Mabrouk Mosbahi Laboratory of Electro-Mechanic Systems (LASEM) National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS) Sfax Tunisia Department of Civil Environmental Aerospace and Materials Engineering (DICAM) University of Palermo Viale delle Scienze Palermo Italy University of Tunis Higher National Engineering School of Tunis (ENSIT) Tunis Department of Engineering University of Palermo Italy

Wind energy is increasingly used as a clean and renewable source of energy to supply the world demand. As an energy converter, the Darrieus cross- flow wind turbines take the advantage to be suitable for specific small-scale implementations. In this paper, experimental investigation was carried out in a wind tunnel to evaluate the performance of 3-D printed Delta-bladed Darrieus wind turbine (DWR). In addition, a numerical study was carried out with the use of Ansys Fluent software to boost the efficiency of the studied DWR through the optimization of its blades number. The DWR aerodynamic and performance characteristics were bettered. An improvement of 11.1 % was obtained for the power coefficient with the optimum configuration.

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Integrated Urban Riverscape Planning: Spatial Prioritization for environmental Equity

ASCE Open: Multidisciplinary Journal of Civil Engineering

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ASCE Open: Multidisciplinary Journal of civil engineering 2023年 1卷

作者： Hall, Holly R. Yaryan Bledsoe, Brian P. School of Environmental Civil Agricultural and Mechanical Engineering Univ. of Georgia AthensGA30602 United States Institute for Resilient Infrastructure Systems Univ. of Georgia AthensGA30602 United States

Natural infrastructure (NI) and nature-based solutions in urban riverscapes can provide a spectrum of environmental, societal, and economic benefits, but widespread implementation of NI strategies remain limited because of their context-dependent nature. Windows of opportunity have opened through legislation and funding to expand NI solutions that address flooding, water quality, air pollution, extreme heat, and environmental equity. System-level approaches may offer these projects a framework that is flexible yet holistic enough to streamline implementation. In fact, a systems approach is essential to realize the potential of NI for equitably achieving these goals, and a critical step includes identification of vulnerabilities (e.g., exposure to environmental harm). The purpose of this study was to support decision makers and managers in prioritizing their urban riverscapes with multiple vulnerabilities: flood risk, water quality, ecosystem function, and environmental inequity. We conducted an urban stream spatial multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) case study with Charlotte-Mecklenburg Storm Water Services to support equitable and efficient stream reach, floodplain, and watershed planning. Our study assessed the social and ecological characteristics of the system and prioritized vulnerable watersheds and subbasins using a spatial MCDA. We developed an urban stream prioritization framework that could be tailored to complement existing management strategies and also more broadly implemented in other social-ecological systems. © ASCE.

关键词： Water quality

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Evaluation of Traffic Signal Control at Varying Demand Levels: A Comparative Study

Evaluation of Traffic Signal Control at Varying Demand Level...

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International Conference on Intelligent Transportation

作者： Zhivao Zhang Marcos Quinones-Grueiro William Barbour Yuhang Zhang Gautam Biswas Daniel Work Institute for Software Integrated Systems Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Department of Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA

The topic of traffic signal control (TSC) for urban intersection networks has been a key research area for many years, but comprehensive comparisons among state-of-the-art methodologies remain limited. This calls for a more exhaustive approach to benchmarking TSC techniques. This study builds upon previous TSC benchmarking work by evaluating the performance of both reinforcement learning (RL) and model-based TSC algorithms across a spectrum of demand levels. We adapt new metrics for in-depth simulation analysis and ground our investigation in a real-world urban arterial scenario. Our results unveil a noteworthy observation: the performance of tested algorithms is inconsistent when evaluated under diverse demand levels and across different metrics. This highlights the importance of implementing multidimensional evaluations in future TSC studies for a more nuanced understanding of their performance.

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Reduction of Cadmium Bioavailability in Paddy Soil and its Accumulation in Brown Rice by Fecl3 Washing Combined with Biochar: A Field Study

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Li, Hongbo Xiao, Jinguang Zhao, Zezhou Zhong, Delai Chen, Jing Xiao, Bo Xiao, Wu Wang, Wei Crittenden, John C. Wang, Linling School of Environmental Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan430074 China Power China Environmental Engineering Corporation Limited Changsha410014 China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Zhongnan Engineering Corporation Limited Changsha410000 China Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States

Cadmium (Cd) removal from paddy soil to reduce Cd accumulation in brown rice is essential for agroecology, food safety, and human health. In this study, we demonstrate that FeCl3 washing combined with biochar treatment efficiently remediates Cd-contaminated paddy soil in field trials. Our results showed that 30.9% of total Cd and 41.6% of bioavailable Cd were removed by the addition of 0.03 M ferric chloride (FeCl3 ) at a liquid/soil ratio of 1.5:1. The subsequent addition of 1% biochar further reduced 36.5% and 41.5% of bioavailable Cd, as compared with that by FeCl3 washing or biochar treatment alone. The principal component regression analysis showed that the Cd content in brown rice was primarily affected by the bioavailable Cd in soil. The combined remediation contributed to the decreased Cd contents in brown rice by 45.5%–62.5%, as well as a 2.7%–11.8% increase in rice yield. The Cd contents in brown rice decreased to 0.12 and 0.04 mg kg –1 in two cultivars of rice ( Zhuliangyou 189 and Zhuliangyou 929), lower than the national food safety standard limit value of China (0.2 mg kg–1 ). Meanwhile, the combined remediation promoted the restoration of soil pH and organic matter as well as the improvement of available nutrients. This finding suggests that the combination of FeCl3 washing and biochar is not only an effective remediation strategy to minimize Cd bioavailability in paddy soil, but also improves soil qualities, thus contributing to food safety. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cadmium

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The effect of optimism bias and governmental action on siltation management within Japanese reservoirs surveyed via artificial neural network

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Big Earth Data 2020年第1期4卷 68-89页

作者： Tobias Landwehr Sameh Ahmed Kantoush Claudia Pahl-Wostl Tetsuya Sumi Mitsuteru Irie Institute for Environmental Systems Research Osnabrück UniversityOsnabrückGermany Water Resources Research Center Disaster Prevention Research InstituteKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of EngineeringMiyazaki UniversityMiyazakiJapan

Reservoirs are installed as long-term assets to guarantee water and energy security for decades,if not ***,the effect of siltation undermines reservoirs’sustainability because it significantly reduces the reservoirs’original *** present paper attempts to evaluate the global reservoir siltation problem with the optimism bias theorem introduced by Kahneman and Tversky and applied to infrastructural mega-projects by Flyvbjerg and Ansar using artificial neural networks(ANNs)algorithms for large Japanese *** possesses suitable long-term data and a legal directive concerning the sediment capacity siltation duration,which serves as a valid guide to check whether,over the past 100 years,engineers,planners and managers were capable of judging the sediment input *** ANN models were established to emulate Japanese reservoir siltation *** networks demonstrate that reservoirs in Japan suffer from optimism *** contrast to the law,the dead storage volume of an average dam is supposed to reach capacity after 52 *** finding joins the overall observation that mega-projects generally and globally suffer from optimism *** emulations were subsequently screened for a presumed influence of governance actions,namely,indicating plus monitoring and the change in the market competition *** reservoir siltation appears to continue regardless of the level of competition in public procurement,monitoring directives appear to have a considerable impact on improved siltation management,which demonstrates that dedicated governance action can significantly strengthen the sustainable behavior of key infrastructure elements such as reservoirs.

关键词： Neural networks optimism bias governance Japan sustainability reservoirs sedimentation infrastructure

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Driving Style Classification Using Deep Temporal Clustering with Enhanced Explainability

Driving Style Classification Using Deep Temporal Clustering ...

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International Conference on Intelligent Transportation

作者： Yuxiang Feng Qiming Ye Fahmy Adan Luis Marques Panagiotis Angeloudis Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Transport Systems and Logistics Laboratory Imperial College London London U.K. Future Cities Lab Global Singapore Hub Singapore-ETH Centre at CREATE Singapore

The driving styles of human drivers exhibit a diverse range of observed driving patterns and manoeuvres, influenced by their habitual choice of driving behaviours. Understanding these driving styles is essential for enhancing road safety and reducing emissions. In this paper, we propose a deep temporal clustering approach to classify driving styles, providing enhanced explainability. A comprehensive car-following dataset was collected, incorporating extensive feature parameters. Subsequently, we developed a deep temporal clustering-based classification method that considers the variations in driving style within a single trip. The performance evaluation employed K-Shape clustering, and the significance of various features was assessed using SHAP values, enhancing the interpretability of the model. Our findings contribute to the advancement of driving style classification methods, promoting a deeper understanding of driving behaviours for improved road safety measures.

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