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Fundus Image Quality Assessment and Enhancement: a Systematic Review

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Heng Li, Haojin Ou, Mingyang Yu, Xiangyang Zhang, Xiaoqing Niu, Ke Fu, Huazhu Liu, Jiang Research Institute of Trustworthy Autonomous Systems SUSTech Shenzhen China Department of Computer Science and Engineering SUSTech Shenzhen China Center for High Performance Computing and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Bioinformatics Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China Computer School Beijing Information Science and Technology University Beijing China Singapore

As an affordable and convenient eye scan, fundus photography holds the potential for preventing vision impairment, especially in resource-limited regions. However, fundus image degradation is common under intricate imaging environments, impacting following diagnosis and treatment. Consequently, image quality assessment (IQA) and enhancement (IQE) are essential for ensuring the clinical value and reliability of fundus images. While existing reviews offer some overview of this field, a comprehensive analysis of the interplay between IQA and IQE, along with their clinical deployment challenges, is lacking. This paper addresses this gap by providing a thorough review of fundus IQA and IQE algorithms, research advancements, and practical applications. We outline the fundamentals of the fundus photography imaging system and the associated interferences, and then systematically summarize the paradigms in fundus IQA and IQE. Furthermore, we discuss the practical challenges and solutions in deploying IQA and IQE, as well as offer insights into potential future research directions. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photography

Efficient Graph Neural Network Driven Recurrent Reinforcement Learning for GNSS Position Correction 36

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Efficient Graph Neural Network Driven Recurrent Reinforcemen...

36th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation, ION GNSS+ 2023

作者： Zhao, Haoli Tang, Jianhao Li, Zhenni Wu, Zhuoyu Xie, Shengli Wu, Zhaofeng Liu, Ming Kumara, Banage T.G.S. School of Automation Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Smart Discrete Manufacturing Guangzhou510006 China 111 Center for Intelligent Batch Manufacturing Based on IoT Technology Guangzhou510006 China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Detection and The Internet of Things in Manufacturing Guangzhou510006 China Guangdong Key Laboratory of IoT Information Technology Guangzhou510006 China Techtotop Microelectronics Technology Co. Ltd. Guangzhou510000 China Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Department of Computing and Information Systems Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka Belihuloya Sri Lanka

ISBN: (纸本)9780936406350

With the wide applications of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) in autonomous driving scenarios, the demand for high-precision positioning of navigation systems has increased dramatically in complex multipath environments. Conventional model-based methods are constrained by strict assumptions about noise models and can hardly model complex environment errors. In contrast, approaches based on artificial intelligent learning have become an important direction to solving the problem of high-precision positioning because learning-based approaches only require simple assumptions. However, current learning-based approaches are facing the following issues. The existing Graph Neural Network-based (GNN) method could hardly adapt to dynamically changing driving environment scenarios since it considers positioning discretely. On the other hand, existing Reinforcement Learning-based (RL) approaches ignore the relationship between multi-constellation satellites, resulting in an inadequate description of the driving correction environment observations. In this paper, we construct a GNN-driven recurrent reinforcement learning method to consider the GNSS measurement of multi-constellation satellites and to learn real-time correction strategy in the dynamic driving environment. To establish a comprehensive positioning correction environment, we construct a multi-constellation graph observation, based on the feature vector concerning GNSS measurement of multi-constellation satellites and edges for satellites in and between constellations. To make more effective use of GNSS measurements, we employ the graph embedding module to deal with the multi-constellation graph inputs, to extract hidden topological features to form the brief states about relationships between multi-constellation satellites for the RL environment. Finally, we construct a recurrent actor-critic structured RL model with cumulative reward and continuous action space to exploit historical information and a

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Discretization of non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) models for meshless isogeometric analysis

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Duh, Urban Shankar, Varun Kosec, Gregor Faculty of Mathematics and Physics University of Ljubljana Jadranska 19 Ljubljana1000 Slovenia School of Computing University of Utah Salt Lake CityUT84112 United States "Jožef Stefan" Institute Department E6 Parallel and Distributed Systems Laboratory Jamova cesta 39 Ljubljana1000 Slovenia

We present an algorithm for fast generation of quasi-uniform and variable-spacing nodes on domains whose boundaries are represented as computer-aided design (CAD) models, more specifically non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS). This new algorithm enables the solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) within the volumes enclosed by these CAD models using (collocation-based) meshless numerical discretizations. Our hierarchical algorithm first generates quasi-uniform node sets directly on the NURBS surfaces representing the domain boundary, then uses the NURBS representation in conjunction with the surface nodes to generate nodes within the volume enclosed by the NURBS surface. We provide evidence for the quality of these node sets by analyzing them in terms of local regularity and separation distances. Finally, we demonstrate that these node sets are well-suited (both in terms of accuracy and numerical stability) for meshless radial basis function generated finite differences (RBF-FD) discretizations of the Poisson, Navier-Cauchy, and heat equations. Our algorithm constitutes an important step in bridging the field of node generation for meshless discretizations with isogeometric *** Codes 65D99, 65N99, 65Y20, 68Q25 Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computer aided design

HealthEdge: A Machine Learning-Based Smart Healthcare Framework for Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes in an Integrated IoT, Edge, and cloud computing System

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Hennebelle, Alain Materwala, Huned Ismail, Leila Melbourne Australia Research Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering College of Information Technology United Arab Emirates University United Arab Emirates National Water and Energy Center United Arab Emirates University United Arab Emirates Lab School of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Australia

Diabetes Mellitus has no permanent cure to date and is one of the leading causes of death globally. The alarming increase in diabetes calls for the need to take precautionary measures to avoid/predict the occurrence of diabetes. This paper proposes HealthEdge, a machine learning-based smart healthcare framework for type 2 diabetes prediction in an integrated IoT-edge-cloud computing system. Numerical experiments and comparative analysis were carried out between the two most used machine learning algorithms in the literature, Random Forest (RF) and Logistic Regression (LR), using two real-life diabetes datasets. The results show that RF predicts diabetes with 6% more accuracy on average compared to LR. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Edge computing

QoS-based Beamforming and Compression Design for Cooperative Cellular Networks via Lagrangian Duality

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Fan, Xilai Liu, Ya-Feng Liu, Liang Chang, Tsung-Hui State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Department of Electronic and Information Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong School of Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data Shenzhen Shenzhen China

This paper considers the quality-of-service (QoS)based joint beamforming and compression design problem in the downlink cooperative cellular network, where multiple relay-like base stations (BSs), connected to the central processor via rate-limited fronthaul links, cooperatively transmit messages to the users. The problem of interest is formulated as the minimization of the total transmit power of the BSs, subject to all users’ signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) constraints and all BSs’ fronthaul rate constraints. In this paper, we first show that there is no duality gap between the considered joint optimization problem and its Lagrangian dual by showing the tightness of its semidefinite relaxation (SDR). Then, we propose an efficient algorithm based on the above duality result for solving the considered problem. The proposed algorithm judiciously exploits the special structure of an enhanced Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions of the considered problem and finds the solution that satisfies the enhanced KKT conditions via two fixed point iterations. Two key features of the proposed algorithm are: (1) it is able to detect whether the considered problem is feasible or not and find its globally optimal solution when it is feasible;(2) it is highly efficient because both of the fixed point iterations in the proposed algorithm are linearly convergent and evaluating the functions in the fixed point iterations are computationally cheap. Numerical results show the global optimality and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quality of service

FDI: Attack Neural Code Generation systems through User Feedback Channel

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Sun, Zhensu Du, Xiaoning Luo, Xiapu Song, Fu Lo, David Li, Li Singapore Management University Singapore Singapore The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Monash University Melbourne Australia State Key Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Computing and Information Systems Singapore Management University Singapore Singapore Beihang University Beijing China

Neural code generation systems have recently attracted increasing attention to improve developer productivity and speed up software development. Typically, these systems maintain a pre-trained neural model and make it available to general users as a service (e.g., through remote APIs) and incorporate a feedback mechanism to extensively collect and utilize the users’ reaction to the generated code, i.e., user feedback. However, the security implications of such feedback have not yet been explored. With a systematic study of current feedback mechanisms, we find that feedback makes these systems vulnerable to feedback data injection (FDI) attacks. We discuss the methodology of FDI attacks and present a pre-attack profiling strategy to infer the attack constraints of a targeted system in the black-box setting. We demonstrate two proof-of-concept examples utilizing the FDI attack surface to implement prompt injection attacks and backdoor attacks on practical neural code generation systems. The attacker may stealthily manipulate a neural code generation system to generate code with vulnerabilities, attack payload, and malicious and spam messages. Our findings reveal the security implications of feedback mechanisms in neural code generation systems, paving the way for increasing their security. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Software design

A distributed application placement and migration management techniques for Edge and Fog computing environments

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Goudarzi, Mohammad Palaniswami, Marimuthu Buyya, Rajkumar Laboratory School of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Australia The Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Melbourne Australia

Fog/Edge computing model allows harnessing of resources in the proximity of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices to support various types of latency-sensitive IoT applications. However, due to the mobility of users and a wide range of IoT applications with different resource requirements, it is a challenging issue to satisfy these applications' requirements. The execution of IoT applications exclusively on one fog/edge server may not be always feasible due to limited resources, while the execution of IoT applications on different servers requires further collaboration and management among servers. Moreover, considering user mobility, some modules of each IoT application may require migration to other servers for execution, leading to service interruption and extra execution costs. In this article, we propose a new weighted cost model for hierarchical fog computing environments, in terms of the response time of IoT applications and energy consumption of IoT devices, to minimize the cost of running IoT applications and potential migrations. Besides, a distributed clustering technique is proposed to enable the collaborative execution of tasks, emitted from application modules, among servers. Also, we propose an application placement technique to minimize the overall cost of executing IoT applications on multiple servers in a distributed manner. Furthermore, a distributed migration management technique is proposed for the potential migration of applications' modules to other remote servers as the users move along their path. Besides, failure recovery methods are embedded in the clustering, application placement, and migration management techniques to recover from unpredicted failures. The performance results demonstrate that our technique significantly improves its counterparts in terms of placement deployment time, average execution cost of tasks, the total number of migrations, the total number of interrupted tasks, and cumulative migration cost. Copyright © 2021, The

关键词： Internet of things

Phase behavior of symmetric diblock copolymers under 3D soft confinement

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arXiv 2024年

作者： He, Zhijuan Huang, Jin Jiang, Kai Shi, An-Chang School of Mathematics and Computational Science Xiangtan University Hunan Key Laboratory for Computation and Simulation in Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Information Processing Ministry of Education 411105 China Laboratory of Mathematics and Complex Systems Ministry of Education School of Mathematical Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Department of Physics and Astronomy McMaster University HamiltonONL8S 4M1 Canada

The phase behavior of symmetric diblock copolymers under three-dimensional (3D) soft confinement is investigated using the self-consistent field theory. The soft confinement is realized in binary blends composed AB diblock copolymers and C homopolymers, where the copolymers self-assemble to form a droplet embedded in the homopolymer matrix. The phase behavior of the confined block copolymers is regulated by the degree of confinement and the selectivity of the homopolymers, resulting in a rich variety of novel structures. When the C homopolymers are neutral to the A- and B-blocks, stacked lamellae (SL) are formed where the number of layers increases with the droplet volume, resulting in a morphological transition sequence from Janus particle to square SL. When the C homopolymers are strongly selective to the B-blocks, a series of non-lamellar morphologies, including onion-, hamburger-, cross-, ring-, and cookie-like structures, are observed. A detailed free energy analysis reveals a first-order reversible transformation between SL and onion-like (OL) structures when the selectivity of the homopolymers is changed. Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of how various factors, such as the copolymer concentration, homopolymer chain length, degree of confinement, homopolymer selectivity, affect the self-assembled structures of diblock copolymers under soft 3D confinement. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Free energy

A distributed deep reinforcement learning Technique for application placement in edge and fog computing environments

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Goudarzi, Mohammad Palaniswami, Marimuthu Buyya, Rajkumar Laboratory School of Computing and Information Systems University of Melbourne Australia Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Melbourne Australia

Fog/Edge computing is a novel computing paradigm supporting resource-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) devices by placement of their tasks on edge and/or cloud servers. Recently, several Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL)-based placement techniques have been proposed in fog/edge computing environments, which are only suitable for centralized setups. The training of well-performed DRL agents requires manifold training data while obtaining training data is costly. Hence, these centralized DRL-based techniques lack generalizability and quick adaptability, thus failing to efficiently tackle application placement problems. Moreover, many IoT applications are modeled as Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) with diverse topologies. Satisfying dependencies of DAG-based IoT applications incur additional constraints and increase the complexity of placement problem. To overcome these challenges, we propose an actor-critic-based distributed application placement technique, working based on the IMPortance weighted Actor-Learner Architectures (IMPALA). IMPALA is known for efficient distributed experience trajectory generation that significantly reduces exploration costs of agents. Besides, it uses an adaptive off-policy correction method for faster convergence to optimal solutions. Our technique uses recurrent layers to capture temporal behaviors of input data and a replay buffer to improve the sample efficiency. The performance results, obtained from simulation and testbed experiments, demonstrate that our technique significantly improves execution cost of IoT applications up to 30% compared to its counterparts. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep learning