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18th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies, ICET 2023

作者： Rahman, Saifur Shah, Syed Luqman Mursal, Salim Nasar Faraj Abbas, Ziaul Haq Usman, Muhammad Irfan, Muhammad Muhammad, Fazal College of Engineering Nairan University Electrical Engineering Department Najran61441 Saudi Arabia Gik Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology TeleCoN Research Lab Topi23640 Pakistan Gik Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering Toni 23640 Pakistan University of Engineering and Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Mardan23200 Pakistan University of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Science Mardan23200 Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350328172

In this article, we address the problem of spectrum scarcity in cellular networks (CNs). We propose a backup channel (BuC) for cellular users (CUs) who are in the same macro-cell under the control of a single macro base station (eNB). This BuC operates in the television white space and is detected by the CUs through a cognitive radio energy detection channel sensing technique with a certain probability of success. When the regular channels with the cellular eNB are all occupied, the CUs within the same coverage area of the macro eNB can utilize the sensed BuC to establish a controlled out-band device-to-device link for communication. The BuC bypasses the eNB and reduces the burden on the core of the CN. This leads to improvements in the capacity of the cellular eNB. In the proposed system model, each CU and eNB is equipped with two antennas for communication in two separate bands, i.e., cellular and TV bands. Through simulations, we have observed significant reductions in the blocking probability and probability of call delays. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Cognitive radio

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When LoRa meets distributed machine learning to optimize the network connectivity for green and intelligent transportation system

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Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation 2024年第3期3卷 24-41页

作者： Malak Abid Ali Khan Hongbin Ma Arshad Farhad Asad Mujeeb Imran Khan Mirani Muhammad Hamza National Key Lab of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems School of AutomationBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Department of Computer Science Namal UniversityPakistan Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

LoRa technology contributes to green energy by enabling efficient,long-range communication for the Internet of Things(IoT).This paper addresses the challenges related to coverage range in outdoor monitoring systems utilizing LoRa,where the network performance is affected by the density of gateways(GWs)and end devices(EDs),as well as environmental *** mitigate interference,data throughput losses,and high-power consumption,the proposed spreading factor(SF)and hybrid(data rate|SF)models dynamically adjust the transmission *** orchestration of concurrent data modifications within the network server(NS)is crucial for uninterrupted communication between GWs and EDs,especially in monitoring electric vehicle(EV)stations to reduce traffic congestion and *** K-means and density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise(DBSCAN)algorithms optimizes ED allocation,averts data congestion,and improves the signal-tointerference noise ratio(SINR).These methods ensure seamless information reception by meticulously allocated EDs across various GW *** estimate the free-space losses(FSL),a log-distance path loss model(log-PL)is *** various bandwidths(BWs),bidirectional communications,and duty cycles(DCs)helps to prevent saturation,thus prolonging the operational lifespan of *** findings reveal a notable packet rejection rate(PRR)of 0%for the DBSCAN(hybrid model).In contrast,the K-means exhibits a PRR ranging from 5%(hybrid model)to 35.29%(SF model)for the ten GWs ***,the network saturation is reduced to 10.185%and 9.503%,respectively,highlighting an improvement in the average efficiency of slotted ALOHA(91.1%)and pure ALOHA(90.7%).These enhancements increase the lifespan of EDs to 15,465.27 days.

关键词： DBSCAN Green transportation Hybrid model Intelligent transportation K-means

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Purify Unlearnable Examples via Rate-Constrained Variational Autoencoders 41

Purify Unlearnable Examples via Rate-Constrained Variational...

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41st International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2024

作者： Yu, Yi Wang, Yufei Xia, Song Yang, Wenhan Lu, Shijian Tan, Yap-Peng Kot, Alex C. Rapid-Rich Object Search Lab Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme Nanyang Technological University Singapore School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore PengCheng Laboratory Shenzhen China School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore

Unlearnable examples (UEs) seek to maximize testing error by making subtle modifications to training examples that are correctly labeled. Defenses against these poisoning attacks can be categorized based on whether specific interventions are adopted during training. The first approach is training-time defense, such as adversarial training, which can mitigate poisoning effects but is computationally intensive. The other approach is pre-training purification, e.g., image short squeezing, which consists of several simple compressions but often encounters challenges in dealing with various UEs. Our work provides a novel disentanglement mechanism to build an efficient pre-training purification method. Firstly, we uncover rate-constrained variational autoencoders (VAEs), demonstrating a clear tendency to suppress the perturbations in UEs. We subsequently conduct a theoretical analysis for this phenomenon. Building upon these insights, we introduce a disentangle variational autoencoder (D-VAE), capable of disentangling the perturbations with learnable class-wise embeddings. Based on this network, a two-stage purification approach is naturally developed. The first stage focuses on roughly eliminating perturbations, while the second stage produces refined, poison-free results, ensuring effectiveness and robustness across various scenarios. Extensive experiments demonstrate the remarkable performance of our method across CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and a 100-class ImageNet-subset. Code is available at https://***/yuyi-sd/D-VAE. Copyright 2024 by the author(s)

关键词： Variational techniques

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On the MDS Condition of Generalized Expanded-Blaum-Roth Codes 18

On the MDS Condition of Generalized Expanded-Blaum-Roth Code...

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18th International Symposium on Problems of Redundancy in Information and Control Systems, REDUNDANCY 2023

作者： Hou, Hanxu Song, Linqi Dongguan University of Technology Dongguan Key Lab of Artificial Information Network School of Electrical Engineering & Intelligentization China City University of Hong Kong Department of Computer Science Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)9798350381528

Generalized Expanded-Blaum-Roth (GEBR) codes [You et al. 2020] are designed for large-scale distributed storage systems that have larger recoverability for single-symbol failures, multi-column failures and multi-row failures, compared with locally recoverable codes (LRC). GEBR codes encode an α × k information array into a pτ ×(k + r) array such that lines of slope i with 0 ≤ i ≤ r -1 have even parity and each column contains pτ-α local parity symbols, where p is an odd prime and k +r ≤ pτ. Necessary and sufficient conditions for GEBR codes to be (n, k) recoverable (i.e., any k out of n = k+r columns can retrieve all information symbols) are given in [Hou et al. 2023] for α = (p -1)τ. However, the (n, k) recoverable condition of GEBR codes is unknown when α © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Multiprocessing systems

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Improving Resources in Internet of Vehicles Transportation Systems Using Markov Transition and TDMA Protocol

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IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 2023年第11期24卷 13050-13067页

作者： Miri, Farimasadat Javadpour, Amir Ja'Fari, Forough Sangaiah, Arun Kumar Pazzi, Richard Faculty of Business and Information Technology OshawaL1H 7K4 Canada Harbin Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Technology Shenzhen150001 China Instituto Politécnico de Viana Do Castelo ADiT-Lab Electrical and Telecommunications Department Viana do Castelo4900-347 Portugal Sharif University of Technology Department of Computer Engineering Tehran14588-89694 Iran National Yunlin University of Science and Technology International Graduate Institute of Ai Yunlin64002 Taiwan Lebanese American University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Byblos1102 Lebanon

In today's world, interconnected Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET) and intelligent transportation systems have become more popular. Although IoV can bring many benefits for the smart cities and provide comforts for the passengers, however, the increasing needs for keeping the QoS and QoE at an acceptable level in time sensitive applications seems crucial and needs to be investigated deeply. Also, allocating the right number of resources to avoid congestions and fill the deficiencies in a distributed manner is a challenging issue. So, with the increase in users, attention must be given to Quality of Service (QoS) and resource allocation. As the vehicle network provides information to provide safety, comfort, and entertainment to drivers and passengers, they are one of the most compelling research topics in intelligent transportation systems. TDMA protocol is used in this study to increase the efficiency of the network and the quality of service it provides. To solve the synchronization problem, the Markov method predicts the size of slots and frames. The scenario field is used in the Markov application section to better predict TDMA gaps on solving the synchronization problem. Accordingly, the higher the quality of service, the lower the latency of the network, and the better the allocation of resources. Optimizing allocation and quality of service is further motivated by reducing collision between packets. In terms of its implementation, this method is divided into two components, the first being the database proposal for constructing the Markov matrix and the second being the simulation on VanetMobisim and implementation of the network in NS2. The proposed method performed better in different scenarios in terms of computational complexity, PDF, latency, and overhead, as shown in the results section. © 2000-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Quality of service

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Probabilistic Multi-Objective Optimal Power Flow: A Grey Wolf Optimizer Approach Considering Load and Wind Turbine Uncertainties

Probabilistic Multi-Objective Optimal Power Flow: A Grey Wol...

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Canadian Conference on electrical and computer engineering (CCECE)

作者： Shiva Amini Innocent Kamwa Shabbo Nahvi Hêmin Golpîra Department of Electrical and Computer Science Engineering Laval University Quebec Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Kurdistan Sanandaj Iran Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Power Systems Modeling & Simulation Lab University of Kurdistan Sanandaj Iran

ISBN: (数字)9798350371628

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371635

This article presents a novel approach to tackle the challenge of Probabilistic Multi-Objective Optimal Power Flow (PMOOPF) by utilizing the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO). The methodology incorporates uncertainties related to both load and wind turbine generation, modeling load uncertainty with a normal distribution and wind speed uncertainty with a Weibull distribution and employs Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) to establish the probability distribution function (PDF) for both the load and power generated by the hybrid sources. The PMOOPF problem aims to concurrently minimize thermal generation costs, real power losses, and maximize voltage stability. The proposed approach is tested on the IEEE 26-bus system, and the outcomes are compared with the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). The contribution of this paper lies in effectively addressing uncertainties in load and wind turbine generation, incorporating diverse PMOOPF objectives, and employing the GWO optimization technique. The simulation results demonstrate the method's efficacy and efficiency in achieving economic and technical benefits.

关键词： Uncertainty Costs Wind speed Voltage Probabilistic logic Stability analysis Wind turbines

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TP-NET: Training Privacy-Preserving Deep Neural Networks under Side-Channel Power Attacks 8

TP-NET: Training Privacy-Preserving Deep Neural Networks und...

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8th IEEE International Symposium on Smart Electronic Systems, iSES 2022

作者： Hu, Hui Gegax-Randazzo, Jessa Carper, Clay Borowczak, Mike University of Wyoming Cybersecurity Education and Research Lab Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science LaramieWY82071 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350399226

Privacy in deep learning is receiving tremendous attention with its wide applications in industry and academics. Recent studies have shown the internal structure of a deep neural network is easily inferred via side-channel power attacks in the training process. To address this pressing privacy issue, we propose TP-NET, a novel solution for training privacy-preserving deep neural networks under side-channel power attacks. The key contribution of TP-NET is the introduction of randomness into the internal structure of a deep neural network and the training process. Specifically, the workflow of TP-NET includes three steps: First, Independent Sub-network Construction, which generates multiple independent sub-networks via randomly se-lecting nodes in each hidden layer. Second, Sub-network Random Training, which randomly trains multiple sub-networks such that power traces keep random in the temporal domain. Third, Prediction, which outputs the predictions made by the most accu-rate sub-network to achieve high classification performance. The performance of TP-NET is evaluated under side-channel power attacks. The experimental results on two benchmark datasets demonstrate that TP-NET decreases the inference accuracy on the number of hidden nodes by at least 38.07% while maintaining competitive classification accuracy compared with traditional deep neural networks. Finally, a theoretical analysis shows that the power consumption of TP-NET depends on the number of sub-networks, the structure of each sub-network, and atomic operations in the training process. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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(Non-)Physiological Data for Wearables in VR Sport Applications and Exergames 11

(Non-)Physiological Data for Wearables in VR Sport Applicati...

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11th IEEE International Conference on Healthcare Informatics, ICHI 2023

作者： Queck, Dirk Albert, Iannis Turner, Michelle Volkmar, Georg Malaka, Rainer Herrlich, Marc University of Kaiserslautern-Landau Electrical and Computer Engineering Kaiserslautern Germany University of Kaiserslautern-Landau Faculty of Social Science Kaiserslautern Germany University of Bremen Digital Media Lab Bremen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350302639

The rise of wearable health devices, along with the opportunity to measure physiological data such as heart rate, calories, and steps, is driven by technological innovations and their applications across various domains, including medicine, healthcare, sports, and the entertainment industry. Consequently, the benefits of combining physiological data with VR have been extensively explored. Researchers have investigated the utility of these combinations for various applications, such as measuring emotions or using physiological data to adjust game difficulty levels. Unfortunately, there is no research on the required physiological parameters and non-physiological information in VR. Visualized data could help users improve their VR exercise experience and ensure efficient data use in virtual space. It enables users to adjust exercise intensity, protect against overexertion, or help set specific goals. We adopt a user-centric approach and propose the necessary data in VR for two distinct user groups (athletic and health-conscious). Based on the results, we identify commonalities and differences between these two groups concerning the application of physiological and non-physiological information in VR displays. From this contribution, specific requirements for (non-)physiological data displays can be determined, and generic solutions suitable for both groups can be derived. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Triple-Fault-Tolerant Binary MDS Array Codes with Lower Encoding Complexity 18

Triple-Fault-Tolerant Binary MDS Array Codes with Lower Enco...

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18th International Symposium on Problems of Redundancy in Information and Control Systems, REDUNDANCY 2023

ISBN: (纸本)9798350381528

In this paper, we present a new construction of maximal distance separable (MDS) array codes with three parity columns. We present an efficient encoding algorithm for our new codes and show that our new codes have lower encoding complexity than all the existing MDS codes under the same parameters. The essential reasons of obtaining lower encoding complexity for our codes are of two-folds: (i) our codes are well-designed in a cyclic polynomial ring with only cyclic shifts and XORs being involved in the operations;(ii) our codes are designed based on the efficient schedule algorithm that can minimize the number of operations in the coding procedure. Moreover, our codes can support much more parameters compared with the existing MDS array codes, such as the EVENODD codes and STAR codes. We also present an efficient decoding method for the proposed codes. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Encoding (symbols)

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Enhancing Post-Stroke Upper Limb Rehabilitation Through Haptic Feedback in Virtual Reality-Based Gaming

Enhancing Post-Stroke Upper Limb Rehabilitation Through Hapt...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics, ROBIO 2024

作者： Pillai, Branesh M. Siripala, Napas Sai-Aroon, Kongtup Sivaraman, Dileep Vinjamuri, Ramana Chumnanvej, Sorayouth Suthakorn, Jackrit Mahidol University Faculty of Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering Thailand University of Maryland Baltimore County Vinjamuri lab in the Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering BaltimoreMD21250 United States Mahidol University Neurosurgery Division Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Department of Surgery Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9781665481090

This preliminary study explores developing and implementing upper-limb rehabilitation tools utilizing haptic feedback and 3D spatial recognition analysis in a virtual reality (VR) environment. The effectiveness of upper limb rehabilitation in post-stroke patients was investigated by analyzing the joint and gimbal range of motion (ROM), ROM ratios, and force distribution through various drawing tasks. This study evaluated the impact of different drawing patterns on joint and gimbal ROM, and the force applied during rehabilitation exercises. This study revealed significant variability in ROM across different tasks by combining ROM measurements with force data and employing heat maps for visual representation. These findings emphasize the need for task-specific adjustments to improve rehabilitation outcomes. This study highlights the potential of incorporating advanced technologies, such as VR-based tools with haptic feedback and 3D spatial recognition, to enhance patient engagement and rehabilitation effectiveness. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Neuromuscular rehabilitation

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