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4th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, EUROSPEECH 1995

作者： Liu, Sharlene A. Research Lab of Electronics Dept. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science MIT CambridgeMA02139 United States

In a knowledge-based speech recognition system, landmarks are key points in time in the speech waveform. They guide the search for the underlying distinctive features. The effect of background noise on the automatic detection of landmarks is studied. Two landmark detection algorithms are tested. The full algorithm is hierarchical and uses many criteria to look for speech cues. The minimalist algorithm uses a reduced set of these criteria. Experiments show that the full algorithm outperforms the minimalist algorithm in clean speech, while the minimalist algorithm outperforms the full algorithm in very noisy speech. These results suggest that, in the presence of background noise, a speech recognition system should customize its algorithm and parameter values to the characteristics of the noise in order to perform effectively. © 1995 4th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, EUROSPEECH 1995. All rights reserved.

关键词： Speech communication

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DEVELOPMENT OF SELF-PACKAGED HIGH-FREQUENCY CIRCUITS USING MICROMACHINING TECHNIQUES

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES 1995年第9期43卷 2073-2080页

作者： DRAYTON, RF KATEHI, LPB Radiation Laboratory Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI US Radiat. Lab. Michigan Univ. Ann Arbor MI USA

A new concept for packaging high frequency monolithic circuits is presented, It consists of developing miniaturized housings to shield individual passive components (e.g. CPW based), active elements, or combinations of them by employing silicon micromachining technology. At high frequencies, self-packaged configurations that are fabricated in this manner provide reduction in the overall size and weight of a circuit and provide increased isolation between neighboring circuits, Therefore, the resulting characteristics make these micropackaged components appropriate for high density, multilevel interconnect circuits. This paper will describe the fabrication procedures used to develop self-packaged components. Performance curves for typical high frequency circuit geometries that are implemented in this configuration are shown for measured and theoretical results.

关键词： Frequency Micromachining Packaging Coplanar waveguides Fabrication Circuit synthesis RLC circuits Silicon Geometry Millimeter wave technology

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Functional tests for scan chain latches

Functional tests for scan chain latches

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IEEE International Test Conference

作者： S.R. Makar E.J. McCluskey Center for Reliable Computing Computer System Lab Departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Stanford Stanford CA USA

New digital designs often include scan chains; high quality economical test is the reason. While many techniques exist for testing combinational circuitry, little attention has been paid to testing the sequential elements (latches and flip-flops). This paper presents techniques for testing latches included in either shift registers or scan chains. We show that a test that applies all transitions to a latch-based shift register is an exhaustive functional test of all of the latches in the register. A more complex test is required for a scan chain. We present a procedure for deriving an exhaustive functional test of the latches in a scan chain. The shift register and scan chain tests presented do not depend on the latch implementation; they detect all detectable combinational defects (those that do not introduce additional states into a latch). We assume that only one latch is defective.

关键词： Latches Circuit testing Circuit faults Fault detection Shift registers electrical fault detection Circuit simulation Sequential analysis Logic testing System testing

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Concept learning using complexity regularization

Concept learning using complexity regularization

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IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory

作者： G. Lugosi K. Zeger Department of Mathematics and Electrical Engineering Technical University of Budapest Hungary Coordinated Science Lab Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL USA

We apply the method of complexity regularization to learn concepts from large concept classes. The method is shown to automatically find the best balance between the approximation error and the estimation error. In particular, the error probability of the obtained classifier is shown to decrease as 0(/spl radic/(log n/n)) to the achievable optimum, for large nonparametric classes of distributions, as the sample size n grows. In pattern recognition, or concept learning, the value of a {0,1}-valued random variable Y is to be predicted based upon observing an R/sup d/-valued random variable X.

关键词： Error probability Random variables Risk management Virtual colonoscopy Mathematics Approximation error Estimation error Pattern recognition

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A STRATEGY FOR SCHEDULING PARTIALLY ORDERED PROGRAM GRAPHS ONTO MULTIcomputerS

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Parallel Processing Letters 1995年第4期5卷 575-586页

作者： BEN LEE ALI R. HURSON Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Oregon State University ECE Bldg. 302 Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA Computer Science and Engineering Department The Pennsylvania State University Pond Lab University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA

The issue of scalability is key to the success of massively parallel processing. Due to their distributed nature, message-passing multicomputers are appropriate for achieving scalar performance. However, the message-passing model lacks programmability due to difficulties encountered by the programmers to partition and schedule the computation over the processors and to establish efficient inter-processor communication in the user code. Therefore, this paper presents a compile-time scheduling heuristic, called BLS, that maps programs onto the processors of a message-passing multicomputer. In contrast to other methods proposed, BLS takes a more global approach in attempt to balance the tradeoff between exploiting parallelism and reducing communication overhead. To evaluate the effectiveness of BLS, simulation studies of scheduling SISAL programs are presented.

关键词： Partitioning scheduling virtual threads message-passing

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Estimating 3-D body parameters from reflection component separating imagery: a performance analysis

Estimating 3-D body parameters from reflection component sep...

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International Symposium on computer Vision (ISCV)

作者： J.C. Glas F. van der Heijden Department of Electrical Engineering Control Systems and Computer Engineering Group.Laboratory for Measurement Science and Instrumentation University of Twente Enschede Netherlands Lab. for Meas. Sci. & Instrum. Twente Univ. Enschede Netherlands

Iterative least-squares estimation requires accurate reflectance models to retrieve geometrical parameters of 3-D objects from an image projection. We investigate the use of separating the diffuse (body) reflection from the specular (surface) reflection, where the latter is responsible for image highlights. The performance of several models has been analysed by comparing local higher-order derivatives of the least-squares error function. Experiments show that the (smooth) diffuse component yields the best convergence properties, while the (sharp) specular component cast be utilized to improve noise insensitivity.

关键词： Parameter estimation Performance analysis Convergence Reflectivity Noise measurement Optical reflection Image retrieval Additive noise Velocity measurement computer errors

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A high speed implementation of adaptive shaping for dynamic bandwidth allocation 95

A high speed implementation of adaptive shaping for dynamic ...

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International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing

作者： C. Braun V. Sirkay H. Uriona S. Seetharam E. Youse D. Petr D. Niehaus V. Frost J. Evans G. Minden Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Telecommunications and Information Sciences Laboratory Lawrence KS USA Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci. Telecommun. & Inf. Sci. Lab. Lawrence KS USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780818670886

Most algorithms proposed for controlling traffic prior to entering ATM networks are based on static mechanisms. Such static control mechanisms do not account for the dynamics of the user traffic or the network state. Some dynamic control algorithms have been proposed, but most of these algorithms are extremely complex and may make it difficult to provide real time control. In this paper, we present an adaptive rate control algorithm that has been implemented in hardware. The algorithm controls the traffic submitted by a source based on the indirectly observed average rate and burst size for the source. The algorithm is highly efficient and thereby provides real time control at high speed. Our implementation, in concert with flow control in the local area network, provides the basis for ATM-based high performance distributed systems.

关键词： Channel allocation Bandwidth Traffic control Telecommunication traffic Communication system traffic control Telecommunication control Asynchronous transfer mode Virtual colonoscopy Programmable control Adaptive control

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WIDE-AREA ADAPTIVE ACTIVE NOISE CANCELLATION

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-ANALOG AND DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING 1994年第6期41卷 405-409页

作者： EFRON, AJ HAN, LC Signal and Image Research Lab Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Illinois Chicago IL USA

This paper describes an adaptive active noise cancellation (ANC) system that is based on an output-whitening approach and is an extension of the work of Graupe and Efron on single point adaptive ANC. The controller works by continually estimating the time-series parameters of the noise to be canceled and by forcing the cancellation network to follow the identified parameters, so that the output is whitened. To address the problem of wide-area cancellation, a system that consists of a weighted array of single point output-whitening cancellation systems is proposed. Each controller is chosen to cancel the local temporal effects of the noise, and the array weights are chosen to match the wavefront shape. A comparison of cancellations based on single-point and wide-area systems demonstrates the superiority of the wide-area system.

关键词： Noise cancellation Acoustic noise Loudspeakers Signal processing algorithms Frequency Parameter estimation Shape control Noise shaping Active noise reduction Noise level

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Optimal local register allocation for a multiple-issue machine 94

Optimal local register allocation for a multiple-issue machi...

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Proceedings of the 1994 International Conference on Supercomputing

作者： Meleis, W.M. Davidson, E.S. Advanced Computer Architecture Lab Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI

ISBN: (纸本)9780897916653

This paper presents an algorithm that allocates registers optimally for straight-line code running on a generic multi-issue computer. On such a machine, an optimal register allocation is one that minimizes the number of issue slots that the code requires. Optimal spill selection and load/store placement are used to minimize the number of additional issue slots needed, given a schedule for the non-memory reference instructions and a fixed number of available physical registers. The generic multi-issue machine model closely models the operation of vector and VLIW processors, and could be extended to model super-scalar processors. The algorithm uses dynamic programming to search the state space of feasible register allocations; implicit and explicit state pruning are used to make the problem tractable without sacrificing optimality. The optimal allocation produced by the algorithm for a substantial example is presented.

关键词： Dynamic programming

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The pessimism behind optimistic simulation 94

The pessimism behind optimistic simulation

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8th Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Simulation, PADS 1994

作者： Varghese, George Chamberlain, Roger Weihl, William E. Dept. of Computer Science Washington University St. Louis United States Lab. for Computer Science MIT United States Dept. of Electrical Engineering Washington University St. Louis United States

ISBN: (纸本)1565550277

In this paper we make an analogy between the time that storage must be maintained in a optimistic simulation and the blocking time in a conservative simulation. By exploring this analogy, we design two new Global Virtual Time (GVT) protocols for Time Warp systems. The first protocol is based on null message clock advancement in conservative approaches. Our main contribution is a new protocol inspired by Misra's circulating marker scheme for deadlock recovery. It is simple enough to be implemented in hardware, takes no overhead in the normal path, can be made to work over non-FIFO links, and its overhead can be dynamically tuned based on computational load.

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