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International Communication Systems and Networks and Workshops, COMSNETS

作者： Pranab Nandy Rounak Saha Anurag Satpathy Sandip Chakraborty Sourav Kanti Addya Department of Computer Science and Engineering Cloud and Smart System Services Lab National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Cloud and Smart System Services Lab Missouri University of Science and Technology USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering Cloud and Smart System Services Lab Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India

Virtualization enables the service providers (SPs) to logically partition the resources into virtual machines (VM) instances. Real-world SPs such as Amazon, Google, Microsoft Azure, IBM, and Oracle provide different flavors of VM instances, such as on-demand, reserved, and low-cost or spot, depending on the type of application hosted. The on-demand instances are short-term and typically incur a higher cost than reserved instances that are provisioned for a longer duration at a discounted rate. Low-cost or spot instances are cost-effective compared to on-demand but are reclaimable by the SPs. The SPs often claim that the on-demand and spot instances achieve similar performance, but it is far from that. This paper studies the performance of spot instances via rigorous experimentation over commercial SPs such as Amazon AWS and Microsoft Azure. Real-world evaluations affirm that spot instances perform poorly compared to their on-demand counterpart concerning memory, CPU, disk read, and write operations. We identify such instances as disruptive and name them so because it does not fulfill the performance, durability, and flexibility expectations like an on-demand instance having the same configuration. We also perform hypothesis testing over the experimental data obtained to corroborate our claim further.

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Study on the Perception of Mouse Weight Based on Moment of Inertia and Center of Mass

Study on the Perception of Mouse Weight Based on Moment of I...

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2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA 2025

作者： Baek, Minhyeok Ryu, Yeonsoo Heo, Daehyun Kim, Sunjun Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Smart Input Device Lab. Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) Daegu South Korea Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology Daegu South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9798400713958

Video games have become a cultural phenomenon that captivate millions of people worldwide. Alongside the growth of gaming culture, the demand for better gaming equipment has led to diverse research on mice. However, there is a lack of research on how mass distribution affects user perception and performance. In this study, we explored the effects of varying mass distributions on user perception of mouse weight. We fabricated mice with variable centers of mass (CoM) and moments of inertia while keeping the actual weight constant. The results showed that changes in CoM can alter perceived weight, but changes in moments of inertia have only a limited effect. The results of this study could provide a preliminary understanding of how weight perception varies with different mass distributions of a mouse. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： center of mass computer mouse e-sports gaming mass distribution moment of inertia weight perception

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Road Sign Classification Using Transfer Learning and Pre-trained CNN Models 1

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1st International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Smart Vehicles, ICAISV 2023

作者： Hosseini, Seyed Hossein Ghaderi, Foad Moshiri, Behzad Norouzi, Mojtaba Human Computer Interaction Lab Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran School of ECE University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran

ISBN: (数字)9783031437632

ISBN: (纸本)9783031437625

In this paper, we propose a transfer learning-based approach for road sign classification using pre-trained CNN models. We evaluate the performance of our fine-tuned VGG-16, VGG-19, ResNet50 and EfficientNetB0 models on the German Traffic Sign Recognition Benchmark (GTSRB) test dataset. Our work makes several contributions, including the utilization of transfer learning with pre-trained CNN models, the integration of augmentation techniques, and a comprehensive evaluation of multiple state-of-the-art architectures on the road sign classification task. Our experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves an average accuracy of 99.2% on the GTSRB test dataset, outperforming existing state-of-the-art approaches. The results confirm that transfer learning and pre-trained models can significantly improve the accuracy of road sign classification, even with a relatively small dataset. Our study contributes to the field of intelligent transportation systems by providing an efficient and accurate method for road sign classification. We believe that our approach can be easily extended to other computer vision tasks and applied to real-world scenarios. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Autonomous vehicles

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SpatialHD: Spatial Transformer Fused with Hyperdimensional Computing for AI Applications 5

SpatialHD: Spatial Transformer Fused with Hyperdimensional C...

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5th IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems, AICAS 2023

作者： Bettayeb, Meriem Hassan, Eman Mohammad, Baker Saleh, Hani Khalifa University of Science and Technology System on Chip Lab Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9798350332674

Brain-inspired computing methods have shown remarkable efficiency and robustness compared to deep neural networks (DNN). In particular, HyperDimensional Computing (HDC) and Vision Transformer (ViT) have demonstrated promising achievements in facilitating effective and reliable cognitive learning. This paper proposes SpatialHD, the first framework that combines spatial transformer networks (STN) and HDC. First, SpatialHD exploits the STN, which explicitly allows the spatial manipulation of data within the network. Then, it employs HDC to operate over STN output by mapping feature maps into high-dimensional space, learning abstracted information, and classifying data. In addition, the STN output is resized to generate a smaller input feature map. This further reduces computing complexity and memory storage compared to HDC alone. Finally, to test the model's functionality, we applied spatial HD for image classification, utilizing the MNIST and Fashion-MNIST datasets, using only 25% of the dataset for training. Our results show that SpatialHD improves accuracy by ≈ 8% and enhances efficiency by approximately 2.5x compared to base-HDC. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Image classification

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EnStack: An Ensemble Stacking Framework of Large Language Models for Enhanced Vulnerability Detection in Source Code

EnStack: An Ensemble Stacking Framework of Large Language Mo...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, BigData 2024

作者： Ridoy, Shahriyar Zaman Shaon, Md. Shazzad Hossain Cuzzocrea, Alfredo Akter, Mst Shapna North South University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Dhaka Bangladesh Oakland University Department of Computer Science and Engineering RochesterMI48309 United States University of Calabria IDEA Lab Rende Italy Oakland University Department of Computer Science MI United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350362480

Automated detection of software vulnerabilities is critical for enhancing security, yet existing methods often struggle with the complexity and diversity of modern codebases. In this paper, we propose a novel ensemble stacking approach that synergizes multiple pre-trained large language models (LLMs) - CodeBERT, GraphCodeBERT, and UniXcoder - to improve vulnerability detection in source code. Our method uniquely combines the semantic understanding of CodeBERT, the structural code representations of GraphCodeBERT, and the cross-modal capabilities of UniXcoder. By fine-tuning these models on the Draper VDISC dataset and integrating their predictions using meta-classifiers such as Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest, and XGBoost, we effectively capture complex code patterns that individual models may miss. The meta-classifiers aggregate the strengths of each model, enhancing overall predictive performance. Our ensemble demonstrates significant performance gains over existing methods, with notable improvements in accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC-score. This advancement addresses the challenge of detecting subtle and complex vulnerabilities in diverse programming contexts. The results suggest that our ensemble stacking approach offers a more robust and comprehensive solution for automated vulnerability detection, potentially influencing future AI-driven security practices. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Decision trees

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Intelligent wearable vision systems for the visually impaired in Saudi Arabia

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第14期37卷 8571-8591页

作者： Talaat, Fatma M. El-Shafai, Walid Soliman, Naglaa F. Algarni, Abeer D. El-Samie, Fathi E. Abd Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Kafrelsheikh University Kafrelsheikh33516 Egypt Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering New Mansoura University Gamasa35712 Egypt Security Engineering Lab Computer Science Department Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Department Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia

Navigating the world with visual impairments presents unique challenges, often limiting independence and safety. This research introduces SafeStride, a novel algorithm designed to empower visually impaired individuals through real-time obstacle detection and navigation assistance. SafeStride functions through five interconnected phases: sensor data acquisition, data preprocessing, obstacle detection, path planning, and feedback and guidance. A combination of ultrasonic sensors, cameras, and inertial measurement units (IMUs) feed comprehensive environmental data into the system, enabling accurate obstacle detection and safe path planning. Evaluating SafeStride's performance involved the MNIST dataset for image recognition and a dedicated indoor object detection dataset. Additionally, comparisons were made against three deep learning models—convolutional neural network (CNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and gated recurrent unit (GRU). The results showcased SafeStride's high accuracy and effectiveness in both obstacle detection and classification. Beyond its impressive performance, SafeStride represents a significant leap forward in navigation aids for the visually impaired. By offering a comprehensive solution that enhances safety and independence in diverse environments, it holds immense potential to improve the lives of countless individuals. Future efforts will focus on further optimizing the algorithm and testing its real-world capabilities, paving the way for a future where safe and independent navigation becomes a reality for all. All three deep learning models (CNN, LSTM, GRU) excelled in the experiment, achieving high accuracy above 0.98, strong recall and F1-scores near 0.99, and exceptional AUC-ROC scores exceeding 0.9998. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Motion planning

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Stackelberg-Game Computation Offloading Scheme for Parked Vehicle-Assisted VEC and Experiment Analysis

IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles

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IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles 2024年第9期9卷 1-12页

作者： Liu, Chunhong Zhao, Mengdi Wang, Huaichen Cheng, Bo Liu, Jialei Yuan, Peiyan Engineering Lab of Intelligence Business & Internet of Things and School of Computer and Information Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang China State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China Hubei Key Laboratory of Power System Design and Test for Electrical Vehicle and School of Computer Engineering Hubei University of Arts and Science Xiangyang China

Vehicle edge computing (VEC) offers users low-latency and high-reliability services by using computational resources at the network's edge. Nevertheless, because of inadequate infrastructure and limited resources, computation-intensive and delay-sensitive vehicle applications cannot be performed efficiently at the edge. Therefore, several studies have used the idle resources of parked vehicles to assist in computation offloading. In this paper, we propose a parked vehicle-assisted vehicle edge computing architecture considering multi-agent collaboration, including intelligent vehicles and edge servers. Additionally, we propose a framework for a parallel Internet of Vehicles (IoV) utilizing computational experiment. The service provider is assigned the role of owning VEC resources and recruiting parking vehicle resources. The model was constructed by using the resource consumption-service relationship of both offloading parties to ensure service quality. First, a Stackelberg game model was constructed based on the interaction between requesting vehicles and a service provider. The latter was the leader, and the requesting vehicles were the followers. The Nash equilibrium for optimal pricing and offloading allocations was attained and verified, and a distributed gradient-based equilibrium algorithm was designed to solve the Stackelberg game model and obtain the final decision through mutual communication. The method also protects the privacy of participants and respects the willingness of requesting vehicles to offload. Finally, the simulation experiments confirmed that the proposed algorithm can achieve game equilibrium. Furthermore, it outperformed state-of-the-art algorithms in improving the service provider's utility. IEEE

关键词： Vehicles

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TriMoFaceNet: A Trimmed MobileFaceNet Architecture for Resource-constrained Environments 6

TriMoFaceNet: A Trimmed MobileFaceNet Architecture for Resou...

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6th International Conference on Image, Video Processing, and Artificial Intelligence, IVPAI 2024

作者： Prakash, Pritesh Singh, Prinsh Kumar Jerripothula, Koteswar Rao Central Research Lab Bharat Electronics Ltd. Ghaziabad India Department of Electrical Engineering IIT Kanpur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering IIIT-Delhi India

ISBN: (纸本)9781510681781

As one of the most popular vision applications, face verification systems can be needed in all kinds of scenarios, including resource-constrained environments. In this paper, we propose a trimmed variant of MobileFaceNet, which can perform as well as MobileFaceNet but with fewer memory and computational requirements. We essentially make two changes to the bottlenecks: reversing the expansion-projection process and adding one more depth-wise convolution layer. While the first one significantly reduces the number of parameters and calculations, the second one increases them. We try to strike a balance between the two to have a complex enough network architecture that can perform face verification as well as the original one. We could cut down the model size by almost a quarter in this manner, and we name the resultant network TriMoFaceNet. © 2024 SPIE.

关键词： Network architecture

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Introducing on-chain graph data to consortium blockchain for commercial transactions

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Frontiers of computer science 2024年第2期18卷 255-257页

作者： Pengyi ZHANG Yuchen YUAN Jie SONG Yu GU Qiang QU Yongjie BAI Software College Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China School of Computer Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China Blockchain Lab Huawei Cloud Computing Technologies Co.Ltd.Shenzhen 518101China

1 Introduction A blockchain can be referred to as a distributed ledger[1].Nowadays,according to our previous work[2],the graphrelated blockchain grows efficiently in both academic studies and commercial *** data,algor... 详细信息

关键词： transactions ledge commercial

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Auxiliary-Variable Adaptive Control Lyapunov Barrier Functions for Spatio-Temporally Constrained Safety-Critical Applications 63

Auxiliary-Variable Adaptive Control Lyapunov Barrier Functio...

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63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, CDC 2024

作者： Liu, Shuo Xiao, Wei Belta, Calin A. Boston University Department of Mechanical Engineering BrooklineMA United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab CambridgeMA United States University of Maryland College Park Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Department of Computer Science MD United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316339

Recent work has shown that stabilizing an affine control system while optimizing a quadratic cost subject to state and control constraints can be mapped to a sequence of Quadratic Programs (QPs) using Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) and Control Lyapunov Functions (CLFs). One of the main challenges in this method is that the QPs could easily become infeasible under safety and spatio-temporal constraints with tight control bounds. In our own recent work, we defined Auxiliary-Variable Adaptive CBFs (AVCBFs) to improve the feasibility of the CBF-based QP, while avoiding extensive parameter tuning. In this paper, we consider spatio-temporal constraints as finite-time reachability requirements. In order to satisfy these requirements, we generalize AVCBFs to AuxiliaryVariable Adaptive Control Lyapunov Barrier Functions (AVCLBFs) that work for systems and constraints with arbitrary relative degrees. We show that our method has fewer conflicts with safety and input constraints, and outperforms the state of the art in term of adaptivity and feasibility in solving the QP. We illustrate our approach on an optimal control problem for a unicycle. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Lyapunov functions

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