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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wan, Yao He, Yang Bi, Zhangqian Zhang, Jianguo Zhang, Hongyu Sui, Yulei Xu, Guandong Jin, Hai Yu, Philip S. National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Simon Fraser University Vancouver Canada School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Salesforce Research United States Chongqing University China University of New South Wales Australia University of Technology Sydney Australia University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago United States

Code intelligence leverages machine learning techniques to extract knowledge from extensive code corpora, with the aim of developing intelligent tools to improve the quality and productivity of computer programming. Currently, there is already a thriving research community focusing on code intelligence, with efforts ranging from software engineering, machine learning, data mining, natural language processing, and programming languages. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive literature review on deep learning for code intelligence, from the aspects of code representation learning, deep learning techniques, and application tasks. We also benchmark several state-of-the-art neural models for code intelligence, and provide an open-source toolkit tailored for the rapid prototyping of deep-learning-based code intelligence models. In particular, we inspect the existing code intelligence models under the basis of code representation learning, and provide a comprehensive overview to enhance comprehension of the present state of code intelligence. Furthermore, we publicly release the source code and data resources to provide the community with a ready-to-use benchmark, which can facilitate the evaluation and comparison of existing and future code intelligence models (https://***). At last, we also point out several challenging and promising directions for future research. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computer programming languages

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A Multi-Dimensional Assessment Model and Its Application in E-learning Courses of Computer Science 20

A Multi-Dimensional Assessment Model and Its Application in ...

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21st Annual Conference of the Special Interest Group in Information technology Education, SIGITE 2020

作者： Luo, Jiwen Lu, Feng Wang, Tao Key Lab. of Parallel and Distributed Computing College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha China National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450370455

Computer science is a practical discipline. It is always a great challenge to evaluate students' computer practice using computer-aided means for large scale students. We always need to address problems such as suspected plagiarism and deviation of the overall difficulty factor. In this paper, a multi-dimensional assessment model is designed for CS courses based on the detailed practice processing data in an E-learning system. The model comprehensively evaluates the students' learning process and results in three aspects of correctness, originality, and quality detection. Besides, the teacher can easily participate in the assessment according to their needs. The correctness is an essential requirement, and the originality is based on the clustering results of students' behaviors after clone detection to curb homework plagiarism. SonarQube is used to detect code quality and put forward higher requirements for codes. Manual participation intelligence has improved the flexibility and applicability of the model to a certain extent. We applied this model on the EduCoder online education platform and carried out a comprehensive analysis of 485 students in the Parallel Programming Principles and Practice Class of Huazhong University of Science and technology. Experiment results confirm the distinction, rationality, and fairness of the model in assessing student performance. It not only gives students a credible, comprehensive score in large-scale online practical programming courses but also gives teachers and students corresponding suggestions based on the evaluation results. Furthermore, the model can be extended to other online education platforms. © 2020 ACM.

关键词： Students

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Downstream-agnostic Adversarial Examples

Downstream-agnostic Adversarial Examples

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International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)

作者： Ziqi Zhou Shengshan Hu Ruizhi Zhao Qian Wang Leo Yu Zhang Junhui Hou Hai Jin School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan University School of Information and Communication Technology Griffith University Department of Computer Science City University of Hong Kong School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Cluster and Grid Computing Lab

Self-supervised learning usually uses a large amount of unlabeled data to pre-train an encoder which can be used as a general-purpose feature extractor, such that downstream users only need to perform fine-tuning operations to enjoy the benefit of "large model". Despite this promising prospect, the security of pre-trained encoder has not been thoroughly investigated yet, especially when the pre-trained encoder is publicly available for commercial *** this paper, we propose AdvEncoder, the first framework for generating downstream-agnostic universal adversarial examples based on the pre-trained encoder. AdvEncoder aims to construct a universal adversarial perturbation or patch for a set of natural images that can fool all the downstream tasks inheriting the victim pre-trained encoder. Unlike traditional adversarial example works, the pre-trained encoder only outputs feature vectors rather than classification labels. Therefore, we first exploit the high frequency component information of the image to guide the generation of adversarial examples. Then we design a generative attack framework to construct adversarial perturbations/patches by learning the distribution of the attack surrogate dataset to improve their attack success rates and transferability. Our results show that an attacker can successfully attack downstream tasks without knowing either the pre-training dataset or the downstream dataset. We also tailor four defenses for pre-trained encoders, the results of which further prove the attack ability of AdvEncoder. Our codes are available at: https://***/CGCL-codes/AdvEncoder.

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China in the eyes of news media:a case study under COVID-19 epidemic

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Frontiers of Information technology & Electronic Engineering 2021年第11期22卷 1443-1457页

作者： Hong HUANG Zhexue CHEN Xuanhua SHI Chenxu WANG Zepeng HE Hai JIN Mingxin ZHANG Zongya LI National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China Services Computing Technology and System Lab Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China Cluster and Grid Computing Lab Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China School of Journalism and Information Communication Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China

As one of the early COVID-19 epidemic outbreak areas,China attracted the global news media’s attention at the beginning of *** the epidemic period,Chinese people united and actively fought against the ***,in the eyes of the international public,the situation reported about China is not *** better understand how the international public portrays China,especially during the epidemic,we present a case study with big data *** aim to answer three questions:(1)What has the international media focused on during the COVID-19 epidemic period?(2)What is the media’s tone when they report China?(3)What is the media’s attitude when talking about China?In detail,we crawled more than 280000 pieces of news from 57 mainstream media agencies in 22 countries and made some interesting *** example,international media paid more attention to Chinese livelihood during the COVID-19 epidemic *** March and April,“progress of Chinese vaccines,”“specific drugs and treatments,”and“virus outbreak in U.S.”became the media’s most common *** terms of news attitude,Cuba,Malaysia,and Venezuela had a positive attitude toward China,while France,Canada,and the United Kingdom had a negative *** study can help understand China’s image in the eyes of the international media and provide a sound basis for image analysis.

关键词： Country image COVID-19 epidemic Topic mining Entity Tone of news Emotion

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Shielding Federated Learning: Robust Aggregation with Adaptive Client Selection

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Wan, Wei Hu, Shengshan Lu, Jianrong Yu Zhang, Leo Jin, Hai He, Yuanyuan School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology China School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology China National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security China Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Information Technology Deakin University Australia

Federated learning (FL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively train an accurate global model while protecting clients’ data privacy. However, FL is susceptible to Byzantine attacks from malicious participants. Although the problem has gained significant attention, existing defenses have several flaws: the server irrationally chooses malicious clients for aggregation even after they have been detected in previous rounds;the defenses perform ineffectively against sybil attacks or in the heterogeneous data setting. To overcome these issues, we propose MAB-RFL, a new method for robust aggregation in FL. By modelling the client selection as an extended multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem, we propose an adaptive client selection strategy to choose honest clients that are more likely to contribute high-quality updates. We then propose two approaches to identify malicious updates from sybil and non-sybil attacks, based on which rewards for each client selection decision can be accurately evaluated to discourage malicious behaviors. MAB-RFL achieves a satisfying balance between exploration and exploitation on the potential benign clients. Extensive experimental results show that MAB-RFL outperforms existing defenses in three attack scenarios under different percentages of attackers. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Data privacy

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Corrigendum to “Improved Algorithm for Permutation Testing” [Theoretical Computer Science 986 (2024) 114316]

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Theoretical Computer Science 2024年 999卷

作者： Xiaojin Zhang National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China

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Robin: A Novel Method to Produce Robust Interpreters for Deep Learning-Based Code Classifiers

Robin: A Novel Method to Produce Robust Interpreters for Dee...

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IEEE International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)

作者： Zhen Li Ruqian Zhang Deqing Zou Ning Wang Yating Li Shouhuai Xu Chen Chen Hai Jin School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Services Computing Technology and System Lab Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security Cluster and Grid Computing Lab National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security Department of Computer Science University of Colorado Colorado Springs USA Center for Research in Computer Vision University of Central Florida USA School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

Deep learning has been widely used in source code classification tasks, such as code classification according to their functionalities, code authorship attribution, and vulnerability detection. Unfortunately, the black-box nature of deep learning makes it hard to interpret and understand why a classifier (i.e., classification model) makes a particular prediction on a given example. This lack of interpretability (or explainability) might have hindered their adoption by practitioners because it is not clear when they should or should not trust a classifier's prediction. The lack of interpretability has motivated a number of studies in recent years. However, existing methods are neither robust nor able to cope with out-of-distribution examples. In this paper, we propose a novel method to produce Robust interpreters for a given deep learning-based code classifier; the method is dubbed Robin. The key idea behind Robin is a novel hybrid structure combining an interpreter and two approximators, while leveraging the ideas of adversarial training and data augmentation. Experimental results show that on average the interpreter produced by Robin achieves a 6.11% higher fidelity (evaluated on the classifier), 67.22% higher fidelity (evaluated on the approximator), and 15.87x higher robustness than that of the three existing interpreters we evaluated. Moreover, the interpreter is 47.31% less affected by out-of-distribution examples than that of LEMNA.

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MISA: UNVEILING THE VULNERABILITIES IN SPLIT FEDERATED LEARNING

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wan, Wei Ning, Yuxuan Hu, Shengshan Xue, Lulu Li, Minghui Zhang, Leo Yu Jin, Hai School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology China School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology China School of Software Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology China School of Information and Communication Technology Griffith University Australia National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System China Services Computing Technology and System Lab China Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security China Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security China Cluster and Grid Computing Lab China

Federated learning (FL) and split learning (SL) are prevailing distributed paradigms in recent years. They both enable shared global model training while keeping data localized on users' devices. The former excels in parallel execution capabilities, while the latter enjoys low dependence on edge computing resources and strong privacy protection. Split federated learning (SFL) combines the strengths of both FL and SL, making it one of the most popular distributed architectures. Furthermore, a recent study has claimed that SFL exhibits robustness against poisoning attacks, with a fivefold improvement compared to FL in terms of robustness. In this paper, we present a novel poisoning attack known as MISA. It poisons both the top and bottom models, causing a misalignment in the global model, ultimately leading to a drastic accuracy collapse. This attack unveils the vulnerabilities in SFL, challenging the conventional belief that SFL is robust against poisoning attacks. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed MISA poses a significant threat to the availability of SFL, underscoring the imperative for academia and industry to accord this matter due attention. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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Vflh: A Following-the-Leader-History Based Algorithm for Adaptive Online Convex Optimization with Stochastic Constraints

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Yang, Yifan Chen, Lin Zhou, Pan Ding, Xiaofeng Department of Computer Science University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Lab Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei Wuhan430072 China

This paper considers online convex optimization (OCO) with generated i.i.d. stochastic constraints, where the distribution of environment is changing and the performance is measured by \textit{adaptive regret}. The stochastic constraints are disclosed at each round to the learner after the decision is made. Different from the previous non-adaptive constrained OCO algorithm which is generalized based on the traditional online gradient descent algorithm, we propose a novel \textit{Virtual queue based Following-the-Leader-History} (VFLH) strategy to make the constrained OCO algorithm adaptive and design the VFLH algorithm. In this setting, the algorithm firstly generalizes all the experts in the specified time interval, then decides the optimal decision with each expert and gives out the final choice by combining the predictions of active experts. In terms of the algorithm performance, there are two performance metrics to be evaluated, i.e., the bounds of constraint violation and regret. For the constraint violation, we bring in the multi-objective drift analysis approach to deal with the constraints via a virtual queue which provides a new method to bound the constraints violations. For the regret, we give out its upper bound and then achieve a corresponding lower bound that proves the upper bound is sufficiently tight. Finally, we provide some numerical experiments to validate the feasibility of our algorithm. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Robin: A Novel Method to Produce Robust Interpreters for Deep Learning-Based Code Classifiers

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Li, Zhen Zhang, Ruqian Zou, Deqing Wang, Ning Li, Yating Xu, Shouhuai Chen, Chen Jin, Hai National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security Cluster and Grid Computing Lab China School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Department of Computer Science University of Colorado Colorado Springs United States Center for Research in Computer Vision University of Central Florida United States School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

Deep learning has been widely used in source code classification tasks, such as code classification according to their functionalities, code authorship attribution, and vulnerability detection. Unfortunately, the black-box nature of deep learning makes it hard to interpret and understand why a classifier (i.e., classification model) makes a particular prediction on a given example. This lack of interpretability (or explainability) might have hindered their adoption by practitioners because it is not clear when they should or should not trust a classifier's prediction. The lack of interpretability has motivated a number of studies in recent years. However, existing methods are neither robust nor able to cope with out-of-distribution examples. In this paper, we propose a novel method to produce Robust interpreters for a given deep learning-based code classifier;the method is dubbed Robin. The key idea behind Robin is a novel hybrid structure combining an interpreter and two approximators, while leveraging the ideas of adversarial training and data augmentation. Experimental results show that on average the interpreter produced by Robin achieves a 6.11% higher fidelity (evaluated on the classifier), 67.22% higher fidelity (evaluated on the approximator), and 15.87x higher robustness than that of the three existing interpreters we evaluated. Moreover, the interpreter is 47.31% less affected by out-of-distribution examples than that of LEMNA. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep learning

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