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Automatic power-aware reconfiguration of processor resource in virtualized clusters

Jisuanji Yanjiu yu Fazhan/Computer Research and Development 2011年第7期48卷 1123-1133页

作者： Jin, Hai Deng, Li Wu, Song Shi, Xuanhua Zhou, Like Key Laboratory of Services Computing Technology and System Huazhong University of Science and Technology Ministry of Education Wuhan 430074 China Key Laboratory of Cluster and Grid Computing of Hubei Province Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China

Virtualization provides significant benefits of system maintenance, load balancing, fault tolerance, and power-saving in clusters or data centers. It also enables dynamic reconfiguration of computing resource for application environment. However, current dynamic resource control approaches mainly focus on how to satisfy the application-level quality of service (QoS) when application workloads vary with time. They are driven by application performance, which is often specific to certain class of applications and also weakens the response capability of control systems. In this paper, a resource-use-status-driven resource reconfiguration scheme (RUSiC) is presented to automatically adapt to dynamic workload changes to meet the demands of application performance. According to the new characteristics introduced by system virtualization, the scheme is designed to be a two-layer resource reconfiguration model to exactly grasp the demands of applications. Based on real resource use status, the scheme adjusts proper resource configuration for applications in time. Furthermore, the scheme introduces power-saving into resource reconfiguration process and avoids considerable unnecessary power and cooling consumption by reducing the number of active physical nodes in a new resource configuration. Experiments demonstrate that the scheme can quickly detect and respond to shifting resource demands as application workloads change over time.

关键词： Virtualization

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Virtual machine VCPU scheduling in the multi-core environment: Issues and challenges

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Jisuanji Yanjiu yu Fazhan/Computer Research and Development 2011年第7期48卷 1216-1224页

作者： Jin, Hai Zhong, Alin Wu, Song Shi, Xuanhua Key Laboratory of Services Computing Technology and System Huazhong University of Science and Technology Ministry of Education Wuhan 430074 China Key Laboratory of Cluster and Grid Computing of Hubei Province Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China

The policies and mechanisms of VCPU (virtual CPU) scheduling in a virtual machine system are key factors to determine the system performance. Because the architecture of the software stack in the virtual machine system is different from the traditional computer systems, when scheduling the VCPUs in virtual machines, simply adopting scheduling strategies and algorithms of existing operating systems without any modifications can lead to drastic degradation of the system performance. Moreover, with the multi-core technology being employed for physical processors, the complexity of the VCPU scheduling is increased. Firstly, the architecture of the virtual machine system and its two-stage scheduling framework are depicted and analyzed in detail in this paper. Because the deterministic mapping relationship between application threads and physical cores is difficult to establish in the two-stage framework, and part functions of operating systems move down to virtual machine monitor, VCPU scheduling will confront many problems and challenges that mainly embody four aspects: the semantic gap between guest operating systems and a virtual machine monitor, the synchronization mechanisms in a multiprocessor operating system, the structure of shared cache in multi-core processors and emerging asymmetric multi-core structure. And then advantages and limitations of the existing solutions for these problems are discussed and analyzed deeply, and suggestions for further researches are presented.

关键词： Virtual machine

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PMonitor: A Lightweight Performance Monitor for Virtual Machines

PMonitor: A Lightweight Performance Monitor for Virtual Mach...

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International Workshop on Education Technology and Computer Science, ETCS

作者： Zhiyuan Shao Hai Jin Xiaowen Lu Services Computing Technology and System Laboratory Cluster and Grid Computing Laboratory School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

Performance monitor for virtual machines can monitor the performance metrics of virtual machines and gain the resource consumption status, and thus provide reliable basis for system performance evaluation and further management. However, at current stage, such performance monitor systems for the virtualized systems are inadequate and inefficient. In this paper, we propose a lightweight performance monitor system model for virtual machines, called PMonitor. Through prototype implementation and experiments, we find that PMonitor consumes very few processing power, which is much lower than other open source performance monitors running on the virtualized environments.

关键词： Condition monitoring Virtual machine monitors Virtual machining Measurement Performance gain System performance Resource management Power system management Power system modeling Virtual prototyping

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VRFPS: A Novel Virtual Machine-Based Real-time File Protection System

VRFPS: A Novel Virtual Machine-Based Real-time File Protecti...

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International Conference on Software Engineering Research, Management and Applications (SERA)

作者： Feng Zhao Yali Jiang Guofu Xiang Hai Jin Wenbin Jiang Services Computing Technology and System Laboratory Cluster and Grid Computing Laboratory School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

With the development of virtualization technology, file protection in virtual machine, especially in guest OS, becomes more and more important. Traditional host-based file protection system resides the critical modules in monitored system, which is easily explored and destroyed by malwares. Moreover, in order to protect the multiple operation systems running on the same platform, it is necessary to install independent file protection system for each of them, which greatly wastes computing resources and brings serious performance overhead. In this paper, a novel VM-based real-time file protection system, named VRFPS, is proposed to solve these problems. First, virtual machine monitor introspects all file operations of guest OS. Then, semantic gap between disk block and logic files is narrowed by blktap. Finally, a virtual sandbox is implemented in privileged domain to prevent protected files in guest domain from modifying illegally. Our approach is highly isolated, transparent and without modification on virtual machine monitor and guest OS. The experimental results show that the presented system is validate and of low performance overhead.

关键词： Real time systems Protection Virtual machining Kernel Operating systems Virtual machine monitors Application virtualization Data security Access control Software engineering

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Live virtual machine migration with adaptive, memory compression

Live virtual machine migration with adaptive, memory compres...

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IEEE International Conference on cluster computing

作者： Hai Jin Li Deng Song Wu Xuanhua Shi Xiaodong Pan Services Computing Technology and System Laboratory Cluster and Grid Computing Laboratory School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

Live migration of virtual machines has been a powerful tool to facilitate system maintenance, load balancing, fault tolerance, and power-saving, especially in clusters or data centers. Although pre-copy is a predominantly used approach in the state of the art, it is difficult to provide quick migration with low network overhead, due to a great amount of transferred data during migration, leading to large performance degradation of virtual machine services. This paper presents the design and implementation of a novel memory-compression-based VM migration approach (MECOM) that first uses memory compression to provide fast, stable virtual machine migration, while guaranteeing the virtual machine services to be slightly affected. Based on memory page characteristics, we design an adaptive zero-aware compression algorithm for balancing the performance and the cost of virtual machine migration. Pages are quickly compressed in batches on the source and exactly recovered on the target. Experiment demonstrates that compared with Xen, our system can significantly reduce 27.1% of downtime, 32% of total migration time and 68.8% of total transferred data on average.

关键词： Virtual machining Virtual manufacturing Degradation Voice mail Power system management Load management Fault tolerant systems Energy management Chromium Computers

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XenLR: Xen-based Logging for Deterministic Replay

XenLR: Xen-based Logging for Deterministic Replay

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Japan-China Joint Workshop on Frontier of Computer Science and Technology (FCST)

作者： Haikun Liu Hai Jin Xiaofei Liao Zhengqiu Pan Services Computing Technology and System Laboratory Cluster and Grid Computing Laboratory School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

Virtual machine (VM) based logging-and-replay technology has attracted much attention for system security, fault tolerance, and debugging. However, so far there is not a replay system designed on virtual machine monitor Xen. In this paper, XenLR presents the design and implementation of a logging tool for full system replay on Xen. To reduce the design complexity, XenLR is achieved on a lightweight VM mini OS. Our preliminary work dedicates to identify architectural non-deterministic events and record them compactly. XenLR does not modify the guest OS and only need to record the external inputs (keyboard input and time update on mini OS). The log data are saved in the privileged domain¿s file system through transmission channels. The experiments indicate that XenLR results in low time and space overhead. Overhead due to logging is imperceptible for interactive use. The log files grow at 1.4 MByte/day, so it causes litter space consumption for today¿s large capacity disk storage.

关键词： Space technology Virtual machining Operating systems Computer science Virtual manufacturing Debugging Virtual machine monitors Counting circuits Kernel grid computing

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VirtCFT: A Transparent VM-Level Fault-Tolerant System for Virtual clusters

VirtCFT: A Transparent VM-Level Fault-Tolerant System for Vi...

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International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS)

作者： Minjia Zhang Hai Jin Xuanhua Shi Song Wu Services Computing Technology and System Laboratory Cluster and Grid Computing Laboratory School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

A virtual cluster consists of a multitude of virtual machines and software components that are doomed to fail eventually. In many environments, such failures can result in unanticipated, potentially devastating failure behavior and in service unavailability. The ability of failover is essential to the virtual cluster's availability, reliability, and manageability. Most of the existing methods have several common disadvantages: requiring modifications to the target processes or their OSes, which is usually error prone and sometimes impractical; only targeting at taking checkpoints of processes, not whole entire OS images, which limits the areas to be applied. In this paper we present VirtCFT, an innovative and practical system of fault tolerance for virtual cluster. VirtCFT is a system-level, coordinated distributed checkpointing fault tolerant system. It coordinates the distributed VMs to periodically reach the globally consistent state and take the checkpoint of the whole virtual cluster including states of CPU, memory, disk of each VM as well as the network communications. When faults occur, VirtCFT will automatically recover the entire virtual cluster to the correct state within a few seconds and keep it running. Superior to all the existing fault tolerance mechanisms, VirtCFT provides a simpler and totally transparent fault tolerant platform that allows existing, unmodified software and operating system (version unawareness) to be protected from the failure of the physical machine on which it runs. We have implemented this system based on the Xen virtualization platform. Our experiments with real-world benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness and correctness of VirtCFT.

关键词： Virtual machining Fault tolerant systems Fault tolerance Checkpointing Protocols Kernel

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Yarqs: Yet Another Range Queries Schema in DHT Based P2P Network

Yarqs: Yet Another Range Queries Schema in DHT Based P2P Net...

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International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (CIT)

作者： Hao Zhang Hai Jin Qin Zhang Services Computing Technology and System Laboratory Cluster and Grid Computing Laboratory School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

Range query in DHT based P2P network is a hot topic in recent researches. The hashing function in DHT protocols makes the data hard to keep their original order relationship. Hence range queries for such networks become difficult. This paper presents the design of Yarqs-a new schema to achieve range queries in DHT based P2P networks. By using the inherent characteristics of DHT based networks, Yarqs catches the data pass the nodes and organizes them as a cache network. The range queries are deployed over the cache network. Yarqs does not change the design of the DHT overlay and builds the architecture for range queries by using the historical DHT queries data. Yarqs supports inherent load balancing. We also study the performance of Yarqs in evaluation section. The experiments to check the influences of different parameters of Yarqs are deployed and analyzed.

关键词： Load management Peer to peer computing Data structures Protocols grid computing Computer networks Information technology Computer science Dictionaries Costs

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Content-Based Design Patent Image Retrieval Using Structured Features and Multiple Feature Fusion

Content-Based Design Patent Image Retrieval Using Structured...

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International Conference on Image and Graphics (ICIG)

作者： Lei Zhu Hai Jin Ran Zheng Qin Zhang Xia Xie Mingrui Guo Services Computing Technology and System Laboratory Cluster and Grid Computing Laboratory School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

Traditional design patent verification based on manual comparison is too labor-intensive, time-consuming and subjective to be applied efficiently in practice. Design patent image retrieval system is designed to retrieve some similar patent images with much visual similarities. Structured features and multiple feature fusion are two main technologies to ensure the retrieval accuracy in the system. Block-wise Dense SIFT (Block-DSIFT), Pyramid Histograms of Orientation Gradients (PHOG), and GIST are proposed as main structured features. A multiple feature fusion algorithm for content-based design patent image retrieval is proposed to formulate the fusion as the linear combination of different matrixes which represent different feature distances between images to improve the precision of retrieval. The weights that reflect the significance of the features are determined by quadratic programming and can be solved efficiently. Experiments on a database of real design patent images show good efficiency and robustness of the proposed method and the system can be applied to design patent copyright validation.

关键词： Patents Feature extraction Histograms Image retrieval Shape Measurement Image color analysis

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Adaptive audio-aware scheduling in Xen virtual environment

Adaptive audio-aware scheduling in Xen virtual environment

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IEEE/ACS International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications

作者： Huacai Chen Hai Jin Kan Hu Minhao Yuan Services Computing Technology and System Laboratory Cluster and Grid Computing Laboratory School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

With the development of client virtualization technology, it has become an important tendency to apply soft real-time applications in virtual environment. Currently, most schedulers in VMM (i.e., virtual machine monitor) take the fairly sharing of processor resources and load balancing as a main concern, while show less regard to application diversity and I/O responsiveness. This would be unable to meet the requirement for latency-sensitive tasks, such as audio application. Audio stream may suffer from severe input buffer overrun or output buffer underrun, especially in the case that there is no real-time guarantee on virtualized clients under heavy load. In this paper, we introduce experiments to illustrate that current scheduler in Xen does a poor job in guaranteeing fluent audio playing, and then formulate the fluent playing conditions a scheduler should satisfy. A scheduling strategy with soft real-time support is proposed to improve the responsiveness of latency-sensitive guests. To implement our proposition, we extend the Credit scheduler by using flexible time slice and real-time priority. Our solution is audio-aware and capable of adjusting the real-time priority of guest domains adaptively, achieving a better experience for end-users. The experimental results show that audio glitches can be completely eliminated via our extended scheduler even when the system load is very high.

关键词： Client virtualization flexible time slice latency-sensitive real-time priority

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