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International Conference on Pattern Recognition

作者： Xunzhu Tang Tiezhu Sun Rujie Zhu Shi Wang National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Momenta Suzhou China University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy beijing China

Recently, neural language representation models pre-trained on large corpus can capture rich co-occurrence information and be fine-tuned in downstream tasks to improve the performance. As a result, they have achieved state-of-the-art results in a large range of language tasks. However, there exists other valuable semantic information such as similar, opposite, or other possible meanings in external knowledge graphs (KGs). We argue that entities in KGs could be used to enhance the correct semantic meaning of language sentences. In this paper, we propose a new method CKG: Dynamic Representation Based on Context and Knowledge Graph. On the one side, CKG can extract rich semantic information of large corpus. On the other side, it can make full use of inside information such as co-occurrence in large corpus and outside information such as similar entities in KGs. We conduct extensive experiments on a wide range of tasks, including QQP, MRPC, SST-5, SQuAD, CoNLL 2003, and SNLI. The experiment results show that CKG achieves SOTA 89.2 on SQuAD compared with SAN (84.4), ELMo (85.8), and BERTBase (88.5).

关键词： Semantics Data mining Task analysis Context modeling

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LCCG: A Locality-Centric Hardware Accelerator for High Throughput of Concurrent Graph Processing

LCCG: A Locality-Centric Hardware Accelerator for High Throu...

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Supercomputing Conference

作者： Jin Zhao Yu Zhang Xiaofei Liao Liaang He Binzsheng He Haikun Liu Hai Jin Huazhong University of Science and Technology China National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China University of Warwick United Kingdom National University of Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (数字)9781450384421

ISBN: (纸本)9781665483902

In modern data centers, massive concurrent graph processing jobs are being processed on large graphs. However, existing hardware/-software solutions suffer from irregular graph traversal and intense resource contention. In this paper, we propose LCCG, a Locality-entric programmable accelerator that augments the many-core processor for achieving higher throughput of Concurrent Graph processing jobs. Specifically, we develop a novel topology-aware execution approach into the accelerator design to regularize the graph traversals for multiple jobs on-the-fly according to the graph topology, which is able to fully consolidate the graph data accesses from concurrent jobs. By reusing the same graph data among more jobs and coalescing the accesses of the vertices' states for these jobs, LCCG can improve the core utilization. We conduct extensive experiments on a simulated 64-core processor. The results show that LCCG improves the throughput of the cutting-edge software system by 11.3~23.9 times with only 0.5% additional area cost. More-over, LCCG gains the speedups of 4.7~10.3, 5.5~13.2, and 3.8~8.4 times over state-of-the-art hardware graph processing accelerators (namely, HATS, Minnow, and PHI, respectively).

关键词： Data centers Costs High performance computing Throughput Software systems Topology Hardware acceleration

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Moto: Enhancing Embedding with Multiple Joint Factors for Chinese Text Classification

Moto: Enhancing Embedding with Multiple Joint Factors for Ch...

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International Conference on Pattern Recognition

作者： Xunzhu Tang Rujie Zhu Tiezhu Sun Shi Wang National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA Momenta Suzhou China Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy beijing China

Recently, language representation techniques have achieved great performances in text classification. However, most existing representation models are specifically designed for English materials, which may fail in Chinese because of the huge difference between these two languages. Actually, few existing methods for Chinese text classification process texts at a single level. However, as a special kind of hieroglyphics, radicals of Chinese characters are good semantic carriers. In addition, Pinyin codes carry the semantic of tones, and Wubi reflects the stroke structure information, etc. Unfortunately, previous researches neglected to find an effective way to distill the useful parts of these four factors and to fuse them. In our works, we propose a novel model called Moto: Enhancing Embedding with Multiple Joint Factors. Specifically, we design an attention mechanism to distill the useful parts by fusing the four-level information above more effectively. We conduct extensive experiments on four popular tasks. The empirical results show that our Moto achieves SOTA 0.8316 (F₁-score, 2.11% improvement) on Chinese news titles, 96.38 (1.24% improvement) on Fudan Corpus and 0.9633 (3.26% improvement) on THUCNews.

关键词： Fuses Text categorization Semantics Pattern recognition Task analysis

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Clairvoyance: Intelligent route planning for electric buses based on urban big data

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Lu, Xiangyong Ota, Kaoru Dong, Mianxiong Yu, Chen Jin, Hai Graduate School of Information Sciences Tohoku University Sendai Japan Serviecs Computing Technology and System Lab Big Data Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Department of Information and Electronic Engineering Muroran Institute of Technology Hokkaido Muroran Japan

Nowadays many cities around the world have introduced electric buses to optimize urban traffic and reduce the local carbon emissions. In order to cut the carbon emissions and maximize the utility of electric buses, it is important to choose suitable routes for them. Traditionally, route selection is on the basis of dedicated surveys, which are costly in time and labor. In this paper, we mainly focus attention on planning electric bus routes intelligently, depending on the unique needs of each region throughout the city. We propose Clairvoyance, a route planning system that leverages a deep neural network and a multilayer perceptron to predict the future people’s trips and the future transportation carbon emission in the whole city, respectively. Given the future information of people’s trips and transportation carbon emission, we utilize a greedy mechanism to recommend bus routes for electric buses that will depart in an ideal state. Furthermore, representative features of the two neural networks are extracted from the heterogeneous urban datasets. We evaluate our approach through extensive experiments on the real-world data sources in Zhuhai, China. The results show that our designed neural network-based algorithms are consistently superior to the typical baselines. Additionally, the recommended routes for electric buses are helpful in reducing the peak value of carbon emissions and making full use of electric buses in the city. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Multilayer neural networks

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Automatically derived stateful network functions including non-field attributes

Automatically derived stateful network functions including n...

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IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in computing and Communications (TrustCom)

作者： Bin Yuan Shengyao Sun Xianjun Deng Deqing Zou Haoyu Chen Shenghui Li Hai Jin School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security Shenzhen Research Institute Huazhong University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Cluster and Grid Computing Lab

ISBN: (纸本)9781665416597

The modern network consists of thousands of network devices from different suppliers that perform distinct code-pendent functions, such as routing, switching, modifying header fields, and access control across physical and virtual networks. Because of the network complexity, the network is prone to a wide range of errors, such as false-positive configuration, software errors, or unexpected interactions across protocols. These errors can lead to loops, sub-optimal routing, path leaks, black holes, and access control violations that make services unavailable, vulnerable to exploitation, or prone to attacks (e.g., DDoS attacks). To mitigate these problems, network operators deploy many different stateful network functions, like firewalls, NATs, load balancers, and intrusion-prevention boxes. They have become an important part of networks today, so it is critical to verify that these network functions are the same as expected deployments. All static network verification tools are meant to rigorously check network software or configuration for bugs before deployment. They usually use handwritten models or limited derivation models that are error-prone and ignore the fact that even the same type of network functions (from different vendors) still have different implementation details. In this paper, we propose a tool that can automatically synthesize more realistic and high-fidelity models that include stateful network functions with non-field attributes. We design an inferring algorithm, implement the transformation between data packages and symbolic packages, and obtain a finite state machine that can accurately express the actions of black-box network functions for a given configuration.

关键词： Access control Performance evaluation Privacy Protocols Computational modeling Switches Routing

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Contrastive Learning for Robust Android Malware Familial Classification

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Wu, Yueming Dou, Shihan Zou, Deqing Yang, Wei Qiang, Weizhong Jin, Hai National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing School of Computer Science Fudan University Shanghai200433 China University of Texas at Dallas Dallas United States National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

Due to its open-source nature, Android operating system has been the main target of attackers to exploit. Malware creators always perform different code obfuscations on their apps to hide malicious activities. Features extracted from these obfuscated samples through program analysis contain many useless and disguised features, which leads to many false negatives. To address the issue, in this paper, we demonstrate that obfuscation-resilient malware family analysis can be achieved through contrastive learning. The key insight behind our analysis is that contrastive learning can be used to reduce the difference introduced by obfuscation while amplifying the difference between malware and other types of malware. Based on the proposed analysis, we design a system that can achieve robust and interpretable classification of Android malware. To achieve robust classification, we perform contrastive learning on malware samples to learn an encoder that can automatically extract robust features from malware samples. To achieve interpretable classification, we transform the function call graph of a sample into an image by centrality analysis. Then the corresponding heatmaps can be obtained by visualization techniques. These heatmaps can help users understand why the malware is classified as this family. We implement IFDroid and perform extensive evaluations on two datasets. Experimental results show that IFDroid is superior to state-of-the-art Android malware familial classification systems. Moreover, IFDroid is capable of maintaining a 98.4% F1 on classifying 69,421 obfuscated malware samples. © 2021, CC0.

关键词： Android (operating system)

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Decentralized Task Offloading in Edge computing: A Multi-User Multi-Armed Bandit Approach

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Wang, Xiong Ye, Jiancheng Lui, John C.S. National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Network Technology Lab Hong Kong Research Center Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. Hong Kong Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

Mobile edge computing facilitates users to offload computation tasks to edge servers for meeting their stringent delay requirements. Previous works mainly explore task offloading when system-side information is given (e.g., server processing speed, cellular data rate), or centralized offloading under system uncertainty. But both generally fall short to handle task placement involving many coexisting users in a dynamic and uncertain environment. In this paper, we develop a multi-user offloading framework considering unknown yet stochastic system-side information to enable a decentralized user-initiated service placement. Specifically, we formulate the dynamic task placement as an online multi-user multi-armed bandit process, and propose a decentralized epoch based offloading (DEBO) to optimize user rewards which are subjected under network delay. We show that DEBO can deduce the optimal user-server assignment, thereby achieving a close-to-optimal service performance and tight O(log T) offloading regret. Moreover, we generalize DEBO to various common scenarios such as unknown reward gap, dynamic entering or leaving of clients, and fair reward distribution, while further exploring when users' offloaded tasks require heterogeneous computing resources. Particularly, we accomplish a sub-linear regret for each of these instances. Real measurements based evaluations corroborate the superiority of our offloading schemes over state-of-the-art approaches in optimizing delay-sensitive rewards. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Why Do Developers Remove Lambda Expressions in Java? 21

Why Do Developers Remove Lambda Expressions in Java?

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IEEE International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)

作者： Mingwei Zheng Jun Yang Ming Wen Hengcheng Zhu Yepang Liu Hai Jin Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China School of Electronic Information and Communications Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong China Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology HUST Wuhan China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665447843

Java 8 has introduced lambda expressions, a core feature of functional programming. Since its introduction, there is an increasing trend of lambda adoptions in Java projects. Developers often adopt lambda expressions to simplify code, avoid code duplication or simulate other functional features. However, we observe that lambda expressions can also incur different types of side effects (i.e., performance issues and memory leakages) or even severe bugs, and developers also frequently remove lambda expressions in their implementations. Consequently, the advantages of utilizing lambda expressions can be significantly compromised by the collateral side effects. In this study, we present the first large-scale, quantitative and qualitative empirical study to characterize and understand inappropriate usages of lambda expressions. Particularly, we summarized seven main reasons for the removal of lambdas as well as seven common migration patterns. For instance, we observe that lambdas using customized functional interfaces are more likely to be removed by developers. Moreover, from a complementary perspective, we performed a user study over 30 developers to seek the underlying reasons why they remove lambda expressions in practice. Finally, based on our empirical results, we made suggestions on scenarios to avoid lambda usages for Java developers and also pointed out future directions for researchers.

关键词： Java Codes computer bugs Market research Functional programming Open source software Software engineering

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Fine-grained Scheduling in FPGA-Based Convolutional Neural Networks

Fine-grained Scheduling in FPGA-Based Convolutional Neural N...

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IEEE International Conference on Cloud computing and Big Data Analysis (ICCCBDA)

作者： Wei Zhang Xiaofei Liao Hai Jin National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

ISBN: (数字)9781728160245

ISBN: (纸本)9781728160252

FPGA has been considered as a promising solution to accelerate Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for its excellent performance in energy efficiency and programmability. However, prior designs are usually designed for inference only as designers can map pre-trained models to the hardware in a very efficient way. However, those approaches may not be suitable for training CNN models. In this paper, we propose FConv, in which the CPU and FPGA work together in a fine-grained manner. The FPGA accelerator in FConv uses one Winograd-based convolver, which reduces the design complexity and improves performance. We apply double-buffer for output routine to effectively overlap computation and data transfer. We also integrate multiple PEs to improve data parallelism. We propose our analytical model for prediction and use it as a guide in task scheduling. We find the upper limit of performance under the current design based on the analytical model. We evaluate our design on VGG-16 and Densnet-40 on ImageNet and CIFAR-10. We achieve 262.43 GOP/s on the VGG-16 model, which is 2.13× of the performance compared to FFT-based implementation on the same platform. We also achieve at most 4×+ performance improvement compared MKL with 20 threads running on 10 core Intel processors.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays Computational modeling Training Convolution Acceleration Bandwidth Task analysis

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Optimal Margin Distribution Machine with Sparsity Inducing Penalty

Optimal Margin Distribution Machine with Sparsity Inducing P...

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International Conference on Big Data and Smart computing (BIGCOMP)

作者： Teng Zhang Hai Jin National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

ISBN: (数字)9781728160344

ISBN: (纸本)9781728160351

Recently a promising research direction of statistical learning has been advocated, i.e., the optimal margin distribution learning, with the central idea of optimizing the margin distribution. As the most representative approach of this new learning paradigm, the optimal margin distribution machine (ODM) considers maximizing the margin mean and minimizing the margin variance simultaneously. The standard ODM exploits the ℓ_2-norm penalty, which gives rise to a dense decision boundary. However, in some situations, the model with parsimonious representation is more preferred, due to the redundant noisy features or limited computing resources. In this paper, we propose the sparse optimal margin distribution machine (Sparse ODM), which aims to achieve better generalization performance with moderate model size. For optimization, we extends an efficient coordinate descent method to solve the final problem since the variables are decoupled. In each iteration, we propose a modified Newton method to solve the one-variable sub-problem. Experimental results on both synthetic and real data sets show the superiority of the proposed method.

关键词： Standards Newton method Noise measurement Optimization Support vector machines Computational modeling Training

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