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Social Capital and Energy Poverty: Empirical Evidence from China

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SSRN 2021年

作者： Ren, Zhiyuan Zhu, Yuhan Jin, Canyang Xu, Aiting School of Data Sciences Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics Hangzhou China School of Statistics and Mathematics Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou China Collaborative Innovation Center of Statistical Data Engineering Technology & Application Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou China School of Statistics and Mathematics Zhejiang Gongshang University Xiasha University Town No.18 Xuezheng Str. Hangzhou310018 China

Energy poverty is a social problem more complex than an economic problem and exists in both developed and developing countries. Beginning with the measurement of the sustainable energy development index and regional social capital at a macroscale, the multidimensional energy poverty index and household social capital at a microscale, this study investigates the impact of social capital on energy poverty, a topic hitherto neglected in the literature. Both the macro and micro empirical analyses show that social capital has a positive impact on reducing energy poverty and serves as a complementary tool for economic development to reduce energy poverty. The capital deficit and return deficit of social capital were found to coexist in households with higher levels of energy poverty, implying that its effect on reducing energy poverty is more advantageous to the "rich" rather than those with deeper energy poverty. The results of the empirical study are robust to subsample regressions and various measures of energy poverty. Social capital helps to break the bottlenecks in energy requirements that may emerge with income growth, and its development has significant implications for tackling energy poverty. © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Developing countries

Study on Lix54-Tbp Extraction for Li/Na Separation and its Kinetics and Thermodynamics

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Ma, Yu Ma, Liwen Xi, Xiaoli Nie, Zuoren Collaborative Innovation Center of Capital Resource-Recycling Material Technology College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Ministry of Education Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Big-data Application Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China

To improve the Li+ recovery efficiency and the Li/Na separation of low-grade lepidolite, a Lix54-TBP extractant system with sec-octyl alcohol as dehalogenation and sulfonated kerosene as diluent was proposed. In a high Na+ and low Li+ solution, the primary extraction efficiency of Li+ reached 98.29% with Li/Na separation coefficient of 5606.25 under the optimal extraction conditions and the stripping efficiency was 99.75%. The kinetic equation of the extraction was obtained as R(Li) = 9.397 × 10-7 × [Li+]0.7882·[Lix54]0.2337·[TBP]0.2999. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated as ΔH=-2.41kJ/mol, ΔG=-1.129kJ/mol, ΔS=3.778J/mol and Ea =19.73kJ/mol, indicated that the extraction reaction was exothermic, spontaneous and probably mixed controlled by diffusion and chemical reaction. The reaction mechanism was ion exchange reaction, and extractants had a higher selectivity for Li+ than Na+ during the extraction process. This study provides an important technical reference for the efficient separation and recovery of Li from low-grade lepidolite, which is helpful for the utilization of strategic mineral resources. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Extraction

The Nord Stream pipeline gas leaks released approximately 220,000 tonnes of methane into the atmosphere

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2022年第4期12卷 3-7页

作者： Mengwei Jia Fei Li Yuzhong Zhang Mousong Wu Yingsong Li Shuzhuang Feng Hengmao Wang Huilin Chen Weimin Ju Jun Lin Jianwei Cai Yongguang Zhang Fei Jiang Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology International Institute for Earth System ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu Province210023China Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province School of EngineeringWestlake UniversityHangzhouZhejiang Province310030China Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences School of Atmospheric SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu Province210023China China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application Beijing100094China International Joint Carbon Neutrality Laboratory NanjingJiangsu Province210023China Nantong Academy of Intelligent Sensing NantongJiangsu Province226000China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application NanjingJiangsu Province210023China Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu Province210023China

Sudden mega natural gas leaks of two Nord Stream pipelines in the Baltic Sea(Denmark)occurred from late September to early October 2022,releasing large amounts of methane into the *** inferred the methane emissions of this event based on surface in situ observations using two inversion methods and two meteorological reanalysis datasets,supplemented with satellite-based *** conclude that approximately 220±30 Gg of methane was released from September 26 to October 1,2022.

关键词： methane approximate conclude

Microstructure, Mechanism and Performance of Tungsten Coating Electrodeposited in Na2wo4–Wo3–Napo3–Y2o3 Molten Salt

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Xi, Xiaoli Qin, Wenxuan Zhang, Liwen Nie, Zuoren Collaborative Innovation Center of Capital Resource-Recycling Material Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Ministry of Education Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Big-data Application Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China

In this paper, smooth tungsten coatings with fine grains were prepared by constant direct current electrodeposition in different molten salt. The X–ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscope were used to characterize the microstructure and micromorphology of tungsten coatings. The micromorphology and surface roughness of tungsten coatings are significantly influenced by the cathodic overpotential. The cathodic overpotential can be modified by the addition of NaPO3 and Y2O3 to influence the coating surface quality. When 3.0 mol% Y2O3 was added to the Na2WO4–WO3–NaPO3 molten salt, the coating has the finest average grains size of 9.86 µm. What’s more, with the Y2O3 concentration increasing, the Ra of the coatings decreases. It is noteworthy that the synergistic addition of NaPO3 and Y2O3 results in superior surface quality. The microhardness and thermal shock resistance of the coatings are improved due to grain refinement. The electroreduction mechanism was explored by electrochemical testing and thermodynamic calculations. The results indicated that the electroreduction of tungsten ions is W(VI)→W(IV)→W, and differences in redox potential and overpotential of tungsten ions in different molten salt were observed by electrochemical tests. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electrodeposition

Dft Calculations for Leaching Mechanism of Spent Hds Catalysts with Acidic or Alkaline Leaching Agents

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Ma, Liwen Shi, Tiantian Nie, Zhuanghua Xi, Xiaoli Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Ministry of Education Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Capital Resource-Recycling Material Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Big-data Application Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China

The leaching mechanism of the spent hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalyst was investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experiments. The ad-molecular (ADM) model of NiO-MoO3/Al2O3 was created to simulate the spent HDS catalyst. The model shows a stable structure with the length of chemical bonds varied greatly and the low symmetry. The adsorption configurations and state densities of different leaching agents on the NiO-MoO3/Al2O3 model were calculated. The results showed that NaOH increased the bond lengths of Mo-O3 and Mo-O4 by 0.062 Å and 0.052 Å;increased the bond lengths of Ni-O4, Ni-O5 and Ni-O6 by 0.092 Å, 0.023 Å and 0.058 Å, respectively. HCl increased the bond length of Mo-O3, Ni-O4 and Ni-O5 by 0.016 Å, 0.043 Å and 0.041 Å, respectively;HNO3 increased the length of Ni-O4 bond by 0.127 Å;H2SO4 increased the bond length of Mo-O1 and Ni-O4 by 0.036 Å and 0.165 Å. The influencing order of agents on Mo leaching was H2SO4>NaOH>HNO3>HCl and H2SO4>NaOH>HNO3≈HCl on Ni leaching according to the bond length increasing value. The leaching experimental results showed that the leaching efficiency of Mo and Ni was almost consistent with the calculated influence order. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Density functional theory

The Adsorption and Separation of Tungsten and Molybdenum by Chitosan and Chitosan-D301: Experiments and Dft Theoretical Calculation

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Chen, Na Ma, Liwen Xi, Xiaoli Nie, Zuoren Collaborative Innovation Center of Capital Resource-Recycling Material Technology College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Ministry of Education College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Big-data Application Technology College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China

The adsorption and separation of tungsten and molybdenum are important for efficient recycling of W-Mo secondary resources. The sustainable development of them requires new green and efficient materials. In this paper, Chitosan (CS)-D301 material was obtained by impregnation method, CS and CS-D301 were applied to the adsorption and separation of W and Mo. The adsorption optimization results indicated that W was adsorbed by CS and CS-D301 adsorbents, the separation factor of W/Mo for CS-D301 increased from 21.34 to 26.45compared to CS. The desorption efficiency was still above 94% after five adsorption-desorption cycles. The adsorption energy of the adsorbent was calculated using density functional theory, which belongs to the chemical adsorption behavior. FT-IR, XPS and DFT theoretical calculations indicated that as the surface group N+-R of CS-D301 showed more affinity for W, making it easier to selectively separate W and Mo than CS. It was also found that N is the surface active adsorption site, and belongs to stable chemical adsorption processes. CS-D301 had stronger interaction with W from the Frontier orbital theory. CS and CS-D301 adsorbents were expected to become green adsorbent materials for efficient separation of W and Mo to support resource protection and sustainable development. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adsorption

Synthesis of Flower-Like Bi/Bi2o3/Wo3 Tri-Composites and the Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Property

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Xi, Xiaoli Zhao, Linyan Liu, Yangsi Cheng, Jiali Nie, Zuoren Collaborative Innovation Center of Capital Resource-Recycling Material Technology Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Ministry of Education Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Big-data Application Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China Beijing Guyue New Materials Research Institute Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China

A novel tri-composite Bi/Bi2O3/WO3 product was fabricated via a facile and green hydrothermal-solvothermal method, and the morphology structure was tailored by adjusting the dosage of EDTA. The final three-dimensional (3D) flower-like Bi/Bi2O3/WO3 is in structure with one-dimensional (1D) nanorods surrounded by two-dimensional (2D) nanoflakes and zero-dimensional (0D) Bi spheres dispersed around randomly. Moreover, the growth mechanism of the flower-like Bi/Bi2O3/WO3 was clarified and illustrated, where the functions of organic ethylene glycol and EDTA were considered, and a coordination and epitaxy growth process was proposed. The Bi/Bi2O3/WO3 composite performed highest visible-light photocatalytic activities to organic pollutant methylene blue (MB) of up to 95% degradation rate, and impressive photocatalytic efficiency to methyl orange (MO) in a tri-pollutants system, indicating the application potential in wastewater treatment. The superior photocatalytic performance could mainly contribute to the large proportion of flower-like structure and the synergy effect of the dual-path transfer process of charges, where the Z-scheme structure and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomenon is involved and discussed. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bismuth compounds

Preparation of Tungsten Molybdenum Oxide from Secondary Resources by a Facile Heat-Treatment Process and its Superior Selective Adsorption Properties

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Liu, Yanan Liu, Yangsi Ma, Liwen Xi, Xiaoli Nie, Zuoren Collaborative Innovation Center of Capital Resource-Recycling Material Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Ministry of Education Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Big-data Application Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China Beijing Guyue New Materials Research Institute Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China

Tungsten molybdenum oxide was prepared by a facile heat-treatment process using ion exchange resins as the template. The morphology and crystallinity of the product can be controlled via varying the calcination temperature. The products show excellent selective adsorption properties for methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) model dyes with different molecular sizes and charges, especially for MB. The kinetic data show that the product accords with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the adsorption isotherm can be described by Langmuir adsorption isotherm. When the concentration of MB is 100 mg/L, the adsorption capacity of the product for MB can be 833.43 mg/g, which is higher than that reported in many works of literature. Electrostatic adsorption was found to be the main adsorption mechanism. The heat-treatment method was successfully used to obtained tungsten molybdenum oxide from W-Mo alloy scrap. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tungsten compounds

A review of progress in coupled ocean-atmosphere model developments for ENSO studies in China

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2020年第4期38卷 930-961页

作者： ZHANG Rong-Hua YU Yongqiang SONG Zhenya REN Hong-Li TANG Youmin QIAO Fangli WU Tongwen GAO Chuan HU Junya TIAN Feng ZHU Yuchao CHEN Lin LIU Hailong LIN Pengfei WU Fanghua WANG Lin Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of Oceanologyand Center for Ocean Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laboratory for Ocean and Climate Dynamics Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change Chinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China LASG Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling(MASNUM) Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology Qingdao 266061China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Laboratory for Climate Studies and CMA-NJU Joint Laboratory for Climate Prediction Studies National Climate CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Environmental Science and Engineering University of Northern British ColumbiaBritish Columbia V2N 4Z9Canada State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)and Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Beijing Climate Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) is the strongest interannual signal that is producedby basinscale processes in the tropical Pacific,with significant effects on weather and climate *** the past,extensive and intensive international efforts have been devoted to coupled model developments for ENSO studies.A hierarchy of coupled ocean-atmo sphere models has been formulated;in terms of their complexity,they can be categorized into intermediate coupled models(ICMs),hybrid coupled models(HCMs),and fully coupled general circulation models(CGCMs).ENSO modeling has made significant progress over the past decades,reaching a stage where coupled models can now be used to successfully predict ENSO events 6 months to one year in ***,ENSO exhibits great diversity and complexity as observed in nature,which still cannot be adequately captured by current state-of-the-art coupled models,presenting a challenge to ENSO *** primarily reviewed the long-term efforts in ENSO modeling continually and steadily made at different institutions in China;some selected representative examples are presented here to review the current status of ENSO model developments and applications,which have been actively pursued with noticeable progress being made *** ENSO simulations are very sensitive to model formulations and process representations etc.,dedicated efforts have been devoted to ENSO model developments and ***,different ocean-atmosphere coupled models have been available in China,which exhibit good model performances and have already had a variety of applications to climate modeling,including the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6).Nevertheless,large biases and uncertainties still exist in ENSO simulations and predictions,and there are clear rooms for their improvements,which are still an active area of researches and ***,model performances of ENSO simulations are assessed in terms of advantages and disadvantage

关键词： El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) coupled ocean-atmosphere models simulations and predictions model biases and uncertainties