检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

Benchmarking the CoW with the TopCoW Challenge: Topology-Aware Anatomical Segmentation of the Circle of Willis for CTA and MRA

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

arXiv 2023年

作者： Yang, Kaiyuan Musio, Fabio Ma, Yihui Juchler, Norman Paetzold, Johannes C. Al-Maskari, Rami Höher, Luciano Li, Hongwei Bran Hamamci, Ibrahim Ethem Sekuboyina, Anjany Shit, Suprosanna Huang, Houjing Prabhakar, Chinmay de la Rosa, Ezequiel Waldmannstetter, Diana Kofler, Florian Navarro, Fernando Menten, Martin Ezhov, Ivan Rueckert, Daniel Vos, Iris Ruigrok, Ynte Velthuis, Birgitta Kuijf, Hugo Hämmerli, Julien Wurster, Catherine Bijlenga, Philippe Westphal, Laura Bisschop, Jeroen Colombo, Elisa Baazaoui, Hakim Makmur, Andrew Hallinan, James Wiestler, Bene Kirschke, Jan S. Wiest, Roland Montagnon, Emmanuel Letourneau-Guillon, Laurent Galdran, Adrian Galati, Francesco Falcetta, Daniele Zuluaga, Maria A. Lin, Chaolong Zhao, Haoran Zhang, Zehan Ra, Sinyoung Hwang, Jongyun Park, Hyunjin Chen, Junqiang Wodzinski, Marek Müller, Henning Shi, Pengcheng Liu, Wei Ma, Ting Yalçin, Cansu Hamadache, Rachika E. Salvi, Joaquim Llado, Xavier Estrada, Uma Maria Lal-Trehan Abramova, Valeriia Giancardo, Luca Oliver, Arnau Liu, Jialu Huang, Haibin Cui, Yue Lin, Zehang Liu, Yusheng Zhu, Shunzhi Patel, Tatsat R. Tutino, Vincent M. Orouskhani, Maysam Wang, Huayu Mossa-Basha, Mahmud Zhu, Chengcheng Rokuss, Maximilian R. Kirchhoff, Yannick Disch, Nico Holzschuh, Julius Isensee, Fabian Maier-Hein, Klaus Sato, Yuki Hirsch, Sven Wegener, Susanne Menze, Bjoern Department of Quantitative Biomedicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland Center for Computational Health Zurich University of Applied Sciences Zurich Switzerland Department of Neuroradiology University Hospital of Zurich Zurich Switzerland Department of Neurosurgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom Helmholtz Center Munich Germany Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Harvard Medical School Boston United States School of Medicine Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Department of Informatics Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Helmholtz AI Helmholtz Munich Munich Germany Image Sciences Institute UMC Utrecht Utrecht Netherlands Department of Neurology UMC Utrecht Utrecht Netherlands Department of Radiology UMC Utrecht Utrecht Netherlands Department of Clinical Neurosciences Division of Neurosurgery Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland Department of Neurology University Hospital of Zurich Zurich Switzerland Department of Physiology University of Toronto Toronto Canada Department of Neurosurgery University Hospital of Zurich Zurich Switzerland Department of Diagnostic Imaging National University Hospital Singapore Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology University Hospital Berne University of Berne Berne Switzerland Montreal Canada Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain EURECOM Biot France Institute of Medical Technology Peking University Health Science Center Beijing China Hangzhou Genlight Medtech Co. Ltd. Hangzhou China Department of Artificial Intelligence Sungkyunkwan University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Seoul Korea Republic of Shanghai MediWorks Precision Instruments Co. Ltd. Shanghai China Institute of Informatics HES-SO Valais-Wallis Switzerland Department of Measurement and Electronics AGH University

The Circle of Willis (CoW) is an important network of arteries connecting major circulations of the brain. Its vascular architecture is believed to affect the risk, severity, and clinical outcome of serious neuro-vascular diseases. However, characterizing the highly variable CoW anatomy is still a manual and time-consuming expert task. The CoW is usually imaged by two angiographic imaging modalities, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and computed tomography angiography (CTA), but there exist limited public datasets with annotations on CoW anatomy, especially for CTA. Therefore we organized the TopCoW Challenge in 2023 with the release of an annotated CoW dataset. The TopCoW dataset was the first public dataset with voxel-level annotations for thirteen possible CoW vessel components, enabled by virtual-reality (VR) technology. It was also the first large dataset with paired MRA and CTA from the same patients. TopCoW challenge formalized the CoW characterization problem as a multiclass anatomical segmentation task with an emphasis on topological metrics. We invited submissions worldwide for the CoW segmentation task, which attracted over 140 registered participants from four continents. The top performing teams managed to segment many CoW components to Dice scores around 90%, but with lower scores for communicating arteries and rare variants. There were also topological mistakes for predictions with high Dice scores. Additional topological analysis revealed further areas for improvement in detecting certain CoW components and matching CoW variant topology accurately. TopCoW represented a first attempt at benchmarking the CoW anatomical segmentation task for MRA and CTA, both morphologically and topologically. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Large datasets

Robust general N User authentication scheme in a centralized quantum communication network via generalized G HZ states

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Frontiers of physics 2018年第2期13卷 13-30页

作者： Ahmed Farouk J. Batle M. Elhoseny Mosayeb Naseri Muzaffar Lone Alex Fedorov Majid Alkhambashi Syed Hassan Ahmed M. Abdel-Aty Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences Mansoura University Egypt Applied Science University Bahrain Mathematics Dept. Sohag University Egypt Departament de Fisica Universitat de les Illes Balears 07122 Palma de Mallorca Balearic Islands Spain Department of Physics Kermanshah Branch Islamic Azad University Kermanshah Iran Department of Physics University of Kashmir Srinagar-190005 India Russian Quantum Center 100 Novaya Street Skolkovo Moscow 143025 Russia Information Technology Department AI-Zahra College for Women P.O. Box 3365 Muscat Oman School of Computer Science Engineering Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea

Quantum communication provides an enormous advantage over its classical counterpart： security of communications based on the very principles of quantum mechanics. Researchers have proposed several approaches for user identity authentication via entanglement. Unfortunately, these protocols fail because an attacker can capture some of the particles in a transmitted sequence and send what is left to the receiver through a quantum channel. Subsequently, the attacker can restore some of the confidential messages, giving rise to the possibility of information leakage. Here we present a new robust General N user authentication protocol based on N-particle Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger （GHZ） states, which makes eavesdropping detection more effective and secure, as compared to some current authentication protocols. The security analysis of our protocol for various kinds of attacks verifies that it is unconditionally secure, and that an attacker will not obtain any information about the transmitted key. Moreover, as the number of transferred key bits N becomes larger, while the number of users for transmitting the information is increased, the probability of effectively obtaining the transmitted authentication keys is reduced to zero.

关键词： quantum communication quantum cryptography quantum authentication entanglement

Corrigendum to “Reversal of flow of a non-Newtonian fluid in an expanding channel” [Int. J. Non-Linear Mech. 101 (2018) 44–45]

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics 2020年 121卷

作者： C. Harley E. Momoniat S.V. Meleshko K.R. Rajagopal Centre in Water and Research Development DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in the Mathematical and Statistical Sciences School of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3 Wits 2050 South Africa School of Mathematics Institute of Science Suranaree University of Technology Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 Thailand Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX-77845 United States

In their study “Reversal of flow of non-Newtonian fluid in an expanding channel” (Harley et al., 2018), the authors assume a similarity transformation to study the problem of the flow between two intersecting planes. After deriving their equations, the authors purport to obtain a numerical solution to the problem. This solution is incorrect as a similarity solution of the form sought is not possible. Here, we show that the similarity solution of the form sought leads to an overdetermined system of equations for which there is no solution possible that satisfies the appropriate boundary conditions.

关键词：

Prediction of solar energetic events impacting space weather conditions

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Advances in Space Research 2024年

作者： Georgoulis, Manolis K. Yardley, Stephanie L. Guerra, Jordan A. Murray, Sophie A. Ahmadzadeh, Azim Anastasiadis, Anastasios Angryk, Rafal Aydin, Berkay Banerjee, Dipankar Barnes, Graham Bemporad, Alessandro Benvenuto, Federico Bloomfield, D. Shaun Bobra, Monica Campi, Cristina Camporeale, Enrico DeForest, Craig E. Emslie, A. Gordon Falconer, David Feng, Li Gan, Weiqun Green, Lucie M. Guastavino, Sabrina Hapgood, Mike Kempton, Dustin Kitiashvili, Irina Kontogiannis, Ioannis Korsos, Marianna B. Leka, K.D. Massa, Paolo Massone, Anna Maria Nandy, Dibyendu Nindos, Alexander Papaioannou, Athanasios Park, Sung-Hong Patsourakos, Spiros Piana, Michele Rawafi, Nour E. Sadykov, Viacheslav M. Toriumi, Shin Vourlidas, Angelos Wang, Haimin L. Wang, Jason T. Whitman, Kathryn Yan, Yihua Zhukov, Andrei N. Research Center for Astronomy and Applied Mathematics of the Academy of Athens Athens11527 Greece Department of Mathematics Physics and Electrical Engineering Northumbria University Newcastle upon TyneNE1 8ST United Kingdom Department of Meteorology University of Reading ReadingRG6 6ET United Kingdom Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 San Sebastián20018 Spain CIRES University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center BoulderCO80305 United States School of Cosmic Physics Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies Dunsink Observatory DublinD15 XR2R Ireland Computer Science Department Georgia State University AtlantaGA30303 United States National Observatory of Athens Penteli15236 Greece Uttarakhand Nainital263001 India NorthWest Research Associates BoulderCO80301 United States INAF Turin Astrophysical Observatory via Osservatorio 20 10025 Pino Torinese Torino Italy MIDA Dipartimento di Matematica Università di Genova via Dodecaneso 35 16146 Genova Italy State of California Office of Data and Innovation 401 I Street Ste 200 SacramentoCA95814 United States Southwest Research Institute BoulderCO80302 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy Western Kentucky University Bowling GreenKY42101 United States Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research University of Alabama in Huntsville HuntsvilleAL35899 United States NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center HuntsvilleAL35812 United States Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing210023 China Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College London Holmbury St. MaryRH5 6NT United Kingdom University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing211135 China Visiting Scientist RAL Space STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Oxfordshire DidcotOX11 0QX United Kingdom NASA Ames Research Center Moffett FieldCA94035 United States An der Sternwarte 16 Potsdam14482 Germany Dipartime

Aiming to assess the progress and current challenges on the formidable problem of the prediction of solar energetic events since the COSPAR/ International Living With a Star (ILWS) Roadmap paper of Schrijver et al. (2015), we attempt an overview of the current status of global research efforts. By solar energetic events we refer to flares, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and solar energetic particle (SEP) events. The emphasis, therefore, is on the prediction methods of solar flares and eruptions, as well as their associated SEP manifestations. This work complements the COSPAR International Space Weather Action Teams (ISWAT) review paper on the understanding of solar eruptions by Linton et al. (2023) (hereafter, ISWAT review papers are conventionally referred to as ’Cluster’ papers, given the ISWAT structure). Understanding solar flares and eruptions as instabilities occurring above the nominal background of solar activity is a core solar physics problem. We show that effectively predicting them stands on two pillars: physics and statistics. With statistical methods appearing at an increasing pace over the last 40 years, the last two decades have brought the critical realization that data science needs to be involved, as well, as volumes of diverse ground- and space-based data give rise to a Big Data landscape that cannot be handled, let alone processed, with conventional statistics. Dimensionality reduction in immense parameter spaces with the dual aim of both interpreting and forecasting solar energetic events has brought artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies, in variants of machine and deep learning, developed particularly for tackling Big Data problems. With interdisciplinarity firmly present, we outline an envisioned framework on which statistical and AI methodologies should be verified in terms of performance and validated against each other. We emphasize that a homogenized and streamlined method validation is another open challenge. The performance of the

关键词： Solar energy

Energetic electron precipitation driven by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves from ELFIN’s low altitude perspective

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

arXiv 2022年

作者： Angelopoulos, V. Zhang, X.-J. Artemyev, A.V. Mourenas, D. Tsai, E. Wilkins, C. Runov, A. Liu, J. Turner, D.L. Li, W. Khurana, K. Wirz, R.E. Sergeev, V.A. Meng, X. Wu, J. Hartinger, M.D. Raita, T. Shen, Y. An, X. Shi, X. Bashir, M.F. Shen, X. Gan, L. Qin, M. Capannolo, L. Ma, Q. Russell, C.L. Masongsong, E.V. Caron, R. He, I. Iglesias, L. Jha, S. King, J. Kumar, S. Le, K. Mao, J. McDermott, A. Nguyen, K. Norris, A. Palla, A. Roosnovo Tam, J. Xie, E. Yap, R.C. Ye, S. Young, C. Adair, L.A. Shaffer, C. Chung, M. Cruce, P. Lawson, M. Leneman, D. Allen, M. Anderson, M. Arreola-Zamora, M. Artinger, J. Asher, J. Branchevsky, D. Cliffe, M. Colton, K. Costello, C. Depe, D. Domae, B.W. Eldin, S. Fitzgibbon, L. Flemming, A. Frederick, D.M. Gilbert, A. Hesford, B. Krieger, R. Lian, K. McKinney, E. Miller, J.P. Pedersen, C. Qu, Z. Rozario, R. Rubly, M. Seaton, R. Subramanian, A. Sundin, S.R. Tan, A. Thomlinson, D. Turner, W. Wing, G. Wong, C. Zarifian, A. Earth Planetary and Space Sciences Department Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics University of California Los Angeles Los AngelesCA90095 United States University of Texas at Dallas RichardsonTX75080 United States CEA DAM DIF Arpajon France Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Departments University of California Los AngelesCA United States Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMD United States Department of Astronomy Center for Space Physics Boston University BostonMA United States Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department Henry Samueli School of Engineering University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States School of Mechanical Industrial Manufacturing Engineering Oregon State University CorvallisOR97331 United States University of St. Petersburg St. Petersburg Russia Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91109 United States Space Science Institute BoulderCO80301 United States Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory University of Oulu Sodankylä Finland Materials Science and Engineering Department Henry Samueli School of Engineering University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Deloitte Consulting New YorkNY10112 United States Computer Science Department Henry Samueli School of Engineering University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Microsoft RedmondWA98052 United States Physics and Astronomy Department University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics The University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Raybeam Inc. Mountain ViewCA94041 United States SpaceX HawthorneCA90250 United States Reliable Robotics Corporation Mountain ViewCA94043 United States Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States Mathematics Department University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Planet Labs PBC San FranciscoCA94107 United States KSAT Inc. De

We review comprehensive observations of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave-driven energetic electron precipitation using data from the energetic electron detector on the Electron Losses and Fields InvestigatioN (ELFIN) mission, two polar-orbiting low-altitude spinning CubeSats, measuring 50-5000 keV electrons with good pitch-angle and energy resolution. EMIC wave-driven precipitation exhibits a distinct signature in energy-spectrograms of the precipitating-to-trapped flux ratio: peaks at >0.5 MeV which are abrupt (bursty) (lasting ∼17s, or ∆L ∼ 0.56) with significant substructure (occasionally down to sub-second timescale). We attribute the bursty nature of the precipitation to the spatial extent and structuredness of the wave field at the equator. Multiple ELFIN passes over the same MLT sector allow us to study the spatial and temporal evolution of the EMIC wave - electron interaction region. Case studies employing conjugate ground-based or equatorial observations of the EMIC waves reveal that the energy of moderate and strong precipitation at ELFIN approximately agrees with theoretical expectations for cyclotron resonant interactions in a cold plasma. Using 2 years of ELFIN data uniformly distributed in local time, we assemble a statistical database of ∼50 events of strong EMIC wave-driven precipitation. Most reside at L ∼ 5 − 7 at dusk, while a smaller subset exists at L ∼ 8 − 12 at post-midnight. The energies of the peak-precipitation ratio and of the half-peak precipitation ratio (our proxy for the minimum resonance energy) exhibit an L-shell dependence in good agreement with theoretical estimates based on prior statistical observations of EMIC wave power spectra. The precipitation ratio’s spectral shape for the most intense events has an exponential falloff away from the peak (i.e., on either side of ∼ 1.45 MeV). It too agrees well with quasi-linear diffusion theory based on prior statistics of wave spectra. It should be noted though that this diffusive

关键词： Radiation belts

A convex program for bilinear inversion of sparse vectors 18

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

A convex program for bilinear inversion of sparse vectors

Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Alireza Aghasi Ali Ahmed Paul Hand Babhru Joshi Georgia State Business School GSU GA Dept. of Electrical Engineering ITU Lahore Dept. of Mathematics and College of Computer and Information Science Northeastern University MA Dept. of Computational and Applied Mathematics Rice University TX

We consider the bilinear inverse problem of recovering two vectors, x ∈ ℝL and w ∈ ℝL, from their entrywise product. We consider the case where x and w have known signs and are sparse with respect to known dictionaries of size K and N, respectively. Here, K and N may be larger than, smaller than, or equal to L. We introduce ℓ1-BranchHull, which is a convex program posed in the natural parameter space and does not require an approximate solution or initialization in order to be stated or solved. We study the case where x and w are S1- and S2-sparse with respect to a random dictionary, with the sparse vectors satisfying an effective sparsity condition, and present a recovery guarantee that depends on the number of measurements as L ≥ Ω(S1 + S2) log2(K + N). Numerical experiments verify that the scaling constant in the theorem is not too large. One application of this problem is the sweep distortion removal task in dielectric imaging, where one of the signals is a nonnegative reflectivity, and the other signal lives in a known subspace, for example that given by dominant wavelet coefficients. We also introduce a variants of ℓ1-BranchHull for the purposes of tolerating noise and outliers, and for the purpose of recovering piecewise constant signals. We provide an ADMM implementation of these variants and show they can extract piecewise constant behavior from real images.

关键词：

Roadmap on Quantum Thermodynamics

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

arXiv 2025年

作者： Campbell, Steve D’Amico, Irene Ciampini, Mario A. Anders, Janet Ares, Natalia Artini, Simone Auffèves, Alexia Oftelie, Lindsay Bassman Bettmann, Laetitia P. Bonança, Marcus V.S. Busch, Thomas Campisi, Michele Cavalcante, Moallison F. Correa, Luis A. Cuestas, Eloisa Dag, Ceren B. Dago, Salambô Deffner, Sebastian Del Campo, Adolfo Deutschmann-Olek, Andreas Donadi, Sandro Doucet, Emery Elouard, Cyril Ensslin, Klaus Erker, Paul Fabbri, Nicole Fedele, Federico Fiusa, Guilherme Fogarty, Thomás Folk, Joshua Guarnieri, Giacomo Hegde, Abhaya S. Hernández-Gómez, Santiago Hu, Chang-Kang Iemini, Fernando Karimi, Bayan Kiesel, Nikolai Landi, Gabriel T. Lasek, Aleksander Lemziakov, Sergei Monaco, Gabriele Lo Lutz, Eric Lvov, Dmitrii Maillet, Olivier Mehboudi, Mohammad Mendonça, Taysa M. Miller, Harry J.D. Mitchell, Andrew K. Mitchison, Mark T. Mukherjee, Victor Paternostro, Mauro Pekola, Jukka Perarnau-Llobet, Martí Poschinger, Ulrich Rolandi, Alberto Rosa, Dario Sánchez, Rafael Santos, Alan C. Sarthour, Roberto S. Sela, Eran Solfanelli, Andrea Souza, Alexandre M. Splettstoesser, Janine Tan, Dian Tesser, Ludovico Van Vu, Tan Widera, Artur Halpern, Nicole Yunger Zawadzki, Krissia School of Physics University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland Centre for Quantum Engineering Science and Technology University College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland School of Physics Engineering and Technology University of York York United Kingdom York Centre for Quantum Technologies University of York York United Kingdom Boltzmanngasse 5 ViennaA-1090 Austria Institute of Physics and Astronomy University of Potsdam Potsdam14476 Germany Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Exeter ExeterEX4 4QL United Kingdom Department of Engineering Science University of Oxford Parks Road OxfordOX1 3PJ United Kingdom Università degli Studi di Palermo Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica - Emilio Segrè via Archirafi 36 PalermoI-90123 Italy MajuLab CNRS-UCA-SU-NUS-NTU International Joint Research Laboratory France Centre for Quantum Technologies National University of Singapore Singapore117543 Singapore NEST Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa56127 Italy School of Physics Trinity College Dublin College Green Dublin 2 Ireland Gleb Wataghin Physics Institute The University of Campinas Campinas São Paulo13083-859 Brazil Quantum Systems Unit OIST Graduate University Okinawa Onna904-0495 Japan Department of Physics University of Maryland Baltimore County BaltimoreMD21250 United States Quantum Science Institute University of Maryland Baltimore County BaltimoreMD21250 United States Universidad de La Laguna La Laguna38203 Spain Departamento de Física Universidad de La Laguna La Laguna38203 Spain Jülich54245 Germany Department of Physics Indiana University BloomingtonIN47405 United States Department of Physics Harvard University 17 Oxford Street CambridgeMA02138 United States National Quantum Laboratory College ParkMD20740 United States Department of Physics and Materials Science University of Luxembourg LuxembourgL-1511 Luxembourg Donostia International Physics Center San SebastianE-20018 Spain Au

The last two decades has seen quantum thermodynamics become a well established field of research in its own right. In that time, it has demonstrated a remarkably broad applicability, ranging from providing foundational advances in the understanding of how thermodynamic principles apply at the nano-scale and in the presence of quantum coherence, to providing a guiding framework for the development of efficient quantum devices. Exquisite levels of control have allowed state-of-the-art experimental platforms to explore energetics and thermodynamics at the smallest scales which has in turn helped to drive theoretical advances. This Roadmap provides an overview of the recent developments across many of the field’s sub-disciplines, assessing the key challenges and future prospects, providing a guide for its near term progress. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Temperature

Understanding the dynamics of biological and neural oscillator networks through mean-field reductions: A review

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

arXiv 2019年

作者： Bick, Christian Goodfellow, Marc Laing, Carlo R. Martens, Erik Andreas Centre for Systems Dynamics and Control University of Exeter Exeter United Kingdom Department of Mathematics College of Engineering Mathematics and Physical Sciences University of Exeter Exeter United Kingdom Epsrc Centre for Predictive Modelling in Healthcare University of Exeter Exeter United Kingdom Mathematical Institute University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Living Systems Institute University of Exeter Exeter United Kingdom School of Natural and Computational Sciences Massey University Auckland New Zealand Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark Department of Biomedical Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen N2200 Denmark

Many biological and neural systems can be seen as networks of interacting periodic processes. Importantly, the function of these networks depends on the collective dynamics: Synchrony of oscillations is probably amongst the most prominent examples of collective behavior and has been associated both with function and dysfunction. Understanding how network structure and interactions, as well as the microscopic properties of individual units, shape the emergent collective dynamics is critical to find factors that lead to malfunction. However, many biological systems such as the brain consist of a large number of dynamical units. Hence, their analysis has either primarily relied on simplified heuristic models on a coarse scale, or the analysis comes at a huge computational cost. Here we review recently introduced approaches-commonly known as the Ott-Antonsen and Watanabe-Strogatz reductions-That allow to simplify the analysis by bridging small and large scales: To obtain reduced model equations, a subpopulation in an oscillator network is replaced by a single variable that describes its collective state exactly. The resulting equations are next-generation models: Rather than being heuristic, they capture microscopic properties of the underlying system. At the same time, they are sufficiently simple to analyze without great computational effort. In the last decade, these reduction methods have become instrumental to understand how network structure and interaction shapes the collective dynamics and the emergence of synchrony. We review this progress based on concrete examples and outline possible limitations. Finally, we discuss how linking the reduced models with experimental data can guide the way towards the development of new treatment approaches, for example, for neural disease. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dynamics

Small core FBG-based temperature compensated ‘smart’ contact lens for effective intraocular pressure measurement

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Measurement: Sensors 2019年 1卷

作者： Chen, Ye Wang, Jun Zhao, Yin Liu, Xiao-Jun Zhang, Hong Murdoch, Ian Hull, Chris Barbur, John Sun, Tong Grattan, KennethT.V. Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering School of Mathematics Computer Science & Engineering City University of London Northampton Square LondonEC1V 0HB United Kingdom State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology School of Mechanical Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Department of Ophthalmology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430030 China Institute of Ophthalmology University College London Bath Street LondonEC1V 9EL United Kingdom Centre for Applied Vision Research School of Health Sciences City University of London LondonEC1R 1UB United Kingdom

In this work, a small core, Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG)-based smart contact lens for intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement has been demonstrated. Further, an integral temperature compensation mechanism has been developed and included in the sensor design, allowing it to offer good long-term measurement capability while allowing for any local temperature fluctuations. The sensitivity of the device has been shown to be 12.9 p.m./mmHg, yielding good repeatability in tests carried out. Such a small core fibre, FBG-based smart contact lens shows significant potential for improving the management and therapy of glaucoma, the second most common cause of preventable blindness in the world. © 2019

关键词： Wearable sensors