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Enhanced brain tumor detection and segmentation using densely connected convolutional networks with stacking ensemble learning

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computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年 186卷 109703-109703页

作者： Shaikh, Asadullah Amin, Samina Zeb, Muhammad Ali Sulaiman, Adel Al Reshan, Mana Saleh Alshahrani, Hani Department of Information Systems College of Computer Science and Information Systems Najran University Najran61441 Saudi Arabia College of Computer Science and Information Systems Najran University Najran61441 Saudi Arabia Institute of Computing Kohat University of Science and Technology Kohat26000 Pakistan Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information Systems Najran University Najran61441 Saudi Arabia

– Brain tumors (BT), both benign and malignant, pose a substantial impact on human health and need precise and early detection for successful treatment. Analysing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image is a common method for BT diagnosis and segmentation, yet misdiagnoses yield effective medical responses, impacting patient survival rates. Recent technological advancements have popularized deep learning-based medical image analysis, leveraging transfer learning to reuse pre-trained models for various applications. BT segmentation with MRI remains challenging despite advancements in image acquisition techniques. Accurate detection and segmentation are essential for proper diagnosis and treatment planning. This study aims to enhance BT detection and segmentation accuracy and effectiveness of categorization through the implementation of an advanced stacking ensemble learning (SEL) approach. This study explores the efficiency of SEL architecture in augmenting the precision of BT segmentation. SEL, a prominent approach within the machine learning paradigm, combines the predictions of base-level models and improves the overall performance of predictions in order to reduce the errors and biases of each model. The proposed approach involves designing a stacked DenseNet201 as the meta-model called SEL-DenseNet201, complemented by six diverse base models such as mobile network version 3 (MobileNet-v3), 3-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D-CNN), visual geometry group network with 16 and 19 layers (VGG-16 and VGG-19), residual network with 50 layers (ResNet50), and Alex network (AlexNet). The strengths of the base models are calculated to capture distinct aspects of the BT MRI, aiming for enhanced segmentation performance. The proposed SEL-DenseNet201 is trained using BT MRI datasets. The augmentation techniques are applied to MRI scans to balance and enhance the model performance through the application of image enhancement and segmentation techniques. The proposed S

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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A Comprehensive Study of OOP-Related Bugs in C++ Compilers

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IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 2025年 1-21页

作者： Wang, Bo Chen, Chong Chen, Junjie Xu, Bowen Ye, Chen Lin, Youfang Dong, Guoliang Sun, Jun Beijing Jiaotong University School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing100044 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Data Mining and Embodied Intelligence China Tianjin University College of Intelligence and Computing Tianjin300350 China North Carolina State University Department of Computer Science NC27695 United States Singapore Management University School of Computing and Information Systems Singapore178902 Singapore

Modern C++, a programming language characterized by its extensive use of object-oriented programming (OOP) features, is widely used for system programming. However, C++ compilers often struggle to correctly handle these sophisticated OOP features, resulting in numerous high-profile compiler bugs that can lead to crashes or miscompilation. Despite the significance of OOP-related bugs, existing studies largely overlook OOP features, hindering their ability to discover such bugs. To assist both compiler fuzzer designers and compiler developers, we conduct a comprehensive study of the compiler bugs caused by incorrectly handling C++ OOP-related features. First, we systematically extract 788 OOP-related C++ compiler bugs from GCC and LLVM. Second, derived from the core concepts of OOP and C++, we manually identified a two-level taxonomy of the OOP-related features leading to compiler bugs, which consists of 6 primary categories (e.g., Abstraction & Encapsulation, Inheritance, and Runtime Polymorphism), along with 17 secondary categories (e.g., Constructors & Destructors and Multiple Inheritance). Third, we systematically analyze the root causes, symptoms, fixes, options, and C++ standard versions of these bugs. Our analysis yields 13 key findings, highlighting that features related to the construction and destruction of objects lead to the highest number of bugs, crashes are the most frequent symptom, and while the average time from bug introduction to discovery is 1856 days, fixing the bug once discovered takes only 174 days on average. Additionally, more than half of the bugs can be triggered without any compiler options. These findings offer valuable insights not only for developing new compiler testing approaches but also for improving language design and compiler engineering. Inspired by these findings, we developed a proof-of-concept compiler fuzzer OOPFuzz, specifically targeting OOP-related bugs in C++ compilers. We applied it against the newest release versions

关键词： C++ (programming language)

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Evaluating the optimal cathode material for energy storage devices: a comparative study of LiFePO₄ and LiMnPO₄ using electric impedance

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Ionics 2025年 1-12页

作者： Alharshan, Gharam A. Gomaa, Hosam M. Uosif, M.A.M. Shaaban, E.R. Physics Department College of Science Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia Pharaohs Higher Institute for Computer Information Systems and Management Giza Egypt Physics Department College of Science Jouf University P.O. Box 2014 Sakaka Saudi Arabia Physics Department Faculty of Science Al-Azhar University Assiut71452 Egypt

This study investigates the crystalline structure, phase compositions, and electrochemical properties of LiFePO₄, LiFe₀.₅Mn₀.₅PO₄, and LiMnPO₄ cathode materials using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and impedance spectroscopy. XRD analysis revealed distinct peaks corresponding to each material, confirming their successful synthesis and high crystallinity. The incorporation of manganese resulted in shifts in peak positions, indicating changes in lattice parameters and unit cell volume. Impedance spectroscopy, conducted over a wide frequency range, showed that LiFePO₄ exhibited the lowest impedance, suggesting superior charge transport and lower resistance, while LiMnPO₄ showed the highest impedance, indicating greater resistance and potential challenges. LiFe₀.₅Mn₀.₅PO₄ displayed intermediate impedance characteristics. The Cole–Cole diagrams highlighted these differences, with LiFePO₄ demonstrating the smallest semicircular arc, indicating lower charge transfer resistance, while LiMnPO₄ exhibited the largest arc. The findings suggest that LiFePO₄ is the most efficient material for energy storage applications, while LiMnPO₄ requires optimization to improve its performance. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Thermogravimetric analysis

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Lightweight and Roubust Key Agreement for Securing IIoT-Driven Flexible Manufacturing systems

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 17197-17209页

作者： Hammad, Muhammad Badshah, Akhtar Almeer, Mohammed A. Waqas, Muhammad Song, Houbing Chen, Sheng Han, Zhu GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Topi23640 Pakistan University of Malakand Department of Software Engineering Dir Lower18800 Pakistan University of Bahrain Computer Engineering Department College of Information Technology 32038 Bahrain University of Greenwich Faculty of Engineering and Science Centre for Sustainable Cybersecurity United Kingdom Edith Cowan University School of Engineering PerthWA6027 Australia Department of Information Systems BaltimoreMD United States University of Southampton School of Electronics and Computer Science SouthamptonSO17 1BJ United Kingdom University of Houston Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HoustonTX77004 United States Kyung Hee University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul446-701 Korea Republic of

The ever-evolving Internet of Things (IoT) has ushered in a new era of intelligent manufacturing across multiple industries. However, the security and privacy of real-time data transmitted over the public channel of the industrial IoT (IIoT) remain formidable challenges. Existing lightweight protocols often omit one or more critical security features, such as anonymity and untraceability, and are susceptible to threats like desynchronization attacks. Additionally, they struggle to achieve an optimal balance between robust security and performance efficiency. To bridge these gaps, we introduce a new lightweight key agreement security scheme that guarantees secure access to the IIoT-enabled flexible manufacturing system (FMS). The strength of our scheme lies in its utilization of the authenticated encryption with associative data (AEAD) primitive, AEGIS, along with hash functions and physical unclonable functions, which secure the IIoT ecosystem. Additionally, our scheme offers flexibility in the form of the addition of new machines, password updates, and revocation in cases of theft or loss. A comprehensive security analysis demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed scheme in thwarting various attacks. The formal analysis, based on the Real-Or-Random (RoR) model, ensures session key indistinguishability, while the informal analysis highlights its resilience against known attacks. The comparative assessment demonstrate that the proposed scheme consistently outperforms the benchmark schemes across multiple dimensions, including security and functionality features, computational and communication overheads, and runtime efficiency. Specifically, the proposed scheme achieves peak performance enhancements of 77.55%, 44.73%, and 69.6% in computational overhead, runtime overhead, and communication overhead, respectively, underscoring its substantial performance advantages. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Flexible manufacturing systems

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Enhancing Internet Traffic Forecasting in MEC Environments With 5GT-Trans: Leveraging Synthetic Data and Transformer-Based Models

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 83607-83618页

作者： Shukla, Ravi Shankar Alatawi, Abdulrahman M. Saudi Electronic University College of Computing and Informatics Department of Computer Science Riyadh 11673 Saudi Arabia Saudi Electronic University Department of Computer Science Riyadh 11673 Saudi Arabia

Recently, transformer-based learning models have shown promising results in network traffic prediction across various contexts. However, their potential in Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) environments remains largely unexplored, despite the unique requirements of MEC such as low latency and high-bandwidth communication between end-users and edge servers. This study evaluates the performance of four transformer-based learning models for Internet traffic prediction in MEC environments, comparing them against state-of-the-art models using a real-world dataset from publicly available mobile operator networks. Performance is assessed using mean squared error (MSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) as evaluation metrics. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed GAN-based transformer model, referred to as 5GT-GAN-Trans, achieves an MSE of 0.428 and an MAE of 0.441, considerably outperforming baseline models such as FED-Former-F (MSE: 0.791, MAE: 0.606), FED-Former-W (MSE: 0.622, MAE: 0.508), Informer (MSE: 0.814, MAE: 0.649), and a standard Transformer model (MSE: 0.803, MAE: 0.640). These numerical improvements underscore the efficacy of transformer-based models for precise Internet traffic forecasting in MEC environments, offering valuable insights for improved network management and enhanced user experience. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： 5G generative adversarial network Internet traffic prediction mobile edge computing

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An improved and decentralized/distributed healthcare framework for disabled people through AI models

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Alexandria Engineering Journal 2025年 125卷 441-448页

作者： Rathee, Geetanjali Garg, Sahil Kaddoum, Georges Alzanin, Samah M. Hassan, Mohammad Mehedi Department of Computer Science and Engineering Netaji Subhas University of Technology Dwarka Sector-3 New Delhi110078 India Electrical Engineering Department École de technologie supérieure MontréalQC H3C 1K3 Canada Centre for Research Impact & Outcome Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab Rajpura140401 India Department of Computer Science College of Computer Engineering and Sciences Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj11942 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information Sciences King Saud University Riyadh11543 Saudi Arabia King Salman Center for Disability Research Riyadh11614 Saudi Arabia

Access to adequate healthcare is critical for everyone, but people with disabilities often face considerable challenges in receiving reliable and timely medical treatment. The Vision 2030 plan in Saudi Arabia intends to change the healthcare system by incorporating new technologies that increase accessibility, efficiency, and service delivery. However, current healthcare systems continue to suffer from delays, inefficient data processing, and accessibility concerns, especially for the visually impaired. This study proposes a more decentralized healthcare system that uses artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models to improve healthcare services for individuals with disabilities. The system achieves real-time data processing, reduces latency, and enhances decision-making accuracy by combining federated learning and zero-shot architectures. Furthermore, smart technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and natural language processing (NLP) provide seamless data collection and analysis, allowing healthcare practitioners to provide prompt and personalized treatment. The suggested solution solves crucial issues such as inefficiencies in data processing, delays in obtaining medical information, and limits in current healthcare processes. This platform improves impaired people's freedom and mobility by delivering remote healthcare solutions using AI-powered diagnostics and real-time monitoring. This study contributes to a more inclusive and efficient healthcare system in Saudi Arabia by bridging the gap between technology and accessibility, which aligns with the Vision 2030 objective of providing fair healthcare services to everyone. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Electronic health record

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TCIP: Transformed Colour Intensity Profiles analysis for fault detection in power line insulators

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第8期84卷 4503-4534页

作者： Tomaszewski, Michal Gasz, Rafal Kasana, Singara Singh Osuchowski, Jakub Singh, Simranjit Zator, Slawomir Department of Computer Science Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatic Control and Informatics Opole University of Technology Prószkowska 76 Opole45-758 Poland Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Central University of Haryana Haryana Mahendergarh123031 India Department of Information Technology Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Punjab Jalandhar India Department of Safety Engineering and Technical Systems Faculty of Production Engineering and Logistics Opole University of Technology Prószkowska 76 Opole45-758 Poland

In response to the escalating demand for electricity, the aging process and inherent failures in power lines have become unavoidable challenges in their operational integrity. This research addresses the imperative need for a robust method to detect damage in power insulator disc images, introducing a novel feature extraction technique grounded in color intensity profile transformation and ensemble learning. For the purposes of the research, a specific dataset was developed based on publicly available images of power insulators. The collection consists of 9232 images of insulator discs which included 2184 images of damaged discs. The discernible damages include breakages and burnouts. Two distinct analysis variants were employed. In the first variant (V1), two classification groups were selected: disc with damages and disc without damages. In the second variant (V2), three classification groups were selected: discs without damage, broken discs, and burnout discs. The described research was divided into two successive stages. In the first of them (S1), the transformed color intensity profiles for the prepared data set were built and various machine learning models for their classification were trained and evaluated. In the next stage (S2), previously developed, highest efficient machine learning models, were used to make the detection of various damaged types of overhead line insulator discs. For the first stage of research high-performance results and a high value of the F1 score parameters were obtained (F1 score = 0.999 for the first variant (S1V1) and F1 score = 0.992 for the second variant (S1V2). In the second stage of research and the first variant (S2V1), the highest result of the F1 score was 0.932 and for the second variant (S2V2) F1 score was 0.930. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Feature extraction

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Guest Editorial: Special Issue on Human-Machine Fusion Decision-Making for Emergency Handling

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IEEE Transactions on Automation science and Engineering 2025年 22卷 4427-4433页

作者： Wu, Edmond Q. Li, Jianqiang Chen, Guimin Yuce, Mehmet R. Islam, Shafiqul Ser, Javier Del Yu, Hui Liu, Peter Xiaoping Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China College of Computer and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Monash University MelbourneVIC3800 Australia Xavier University of Louisiana New OrleansLA70125 United States Tecnalia Institute Bizkaia48160 Spain School of Creative Technologies University of Portsmouth PortsmouthPO1 2UP United Kingdom Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University OttawaONKIS 5B6 Canada

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A Novel Deep Learning Framework for Contraband Items Recognition in Smart City Applications 2nd

A Novel Deep Learning Framework for Contraband Items Recogni...

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2nd International Conference on Sustainability: Developments and Innovations, ICSDI 2024

作者： Khalid, Shehzad Ahmed, Zubair Noor, Ayesha Sedik, Ahmed Asif, Waqar Department of Computer Engineering Bahria University Islamabad Pakistan Smart Systems Engineering Laboratory College of Engineering Prince Sultan University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Computer Science and Cyber Security University of West London London United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783441

Ensuring safety and security is paramount in today’s complex environment, and the effective detection of contraband items plays a pivotal role in achieving this objective. Contraband items, ranging from illegal substances to unauthorized goods, pose a threat to public safety, security, and the overall well-being of smart city inhabitants. Such items are currently detected by human operator reviewing the images from X-ray baggage scanners. However, manual detection of contraband items is inherently challenging and time-consuming resulting in significant delays at crowded places such as airports, train-stations, shopping malls etc. Moreover, there is a significant risk of overlooking certain items that could pose potential harm. To address these challenges, there is a growing demand for intelligent systems for contraband items detection that can efficiently and accurately detect items whilst minimizing false negatives. Automated deep learning solutions offer a sophisticated and technologically advanced approach to enhance the accuracy and speed of the detection process. In our pursuit to address this challenge comprehensively, we have obtained an X-ray Imaging Dataset specifically curated for this purpose. The dataset includes five types of objects including guns, knives, pliers, scissors, and wrenches that are typically banned to carry along. In this paper, we have proposed a deep learning-based approach to efficiently and accurately detect contraband items from X-ray images. The proposed approach is based on YOLO architectures that has been shown to perform better for object detection in variety of domains both in terms of accuracy and real-time performance. We have evaluated different versions of YOLO to select the version that works best for contraband item detection from X-ray images. Yolo-v8 has shown superior performance followed by Yolo-v5 in terms of accuracy. Challenges regarding class imbalance have been addressed using data augmentation especially for clas

关键词： Deep learning

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Exponential Decay of Laminated Beam with Nonlinear Time-varying Delay and Microtemperature Effect

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2025年第1期41卷 270-285页

作者： Imene LARIBI Ali KRELIFA Djamel OUCHENANE Fares YAZID Salah BOULAARAS Salah ZITOUNI Department of Mathematics Djilali Bounaama University of Khemis MilianaKhemis MilianaAlgeria Computer Science and Mathematics Laboratory Amar Telidji UniversityLaghouat 03000Algeria Laboratory of Pure and Applied Mathematics Amar Telidji UniversityLaghouat 03000Algeria Department of Mathematics College of ScienceQassim UniversityBuraydah 51452Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics and Informatics University Mohamed-Cherif MessaadiaSouk AhrasAlgeria

This research paper addresses a topic of interest to many researchers and engineers due to its effective applications in various industrial *** focuses on the thermoelastic laminated beam model with nonlinear structural damping,nonlinear time-varying delay,and microtemperature *** primary goal is to establish the stability of the *** achieve this,and under suitable hypotheses,we demonstrate energy decay and construct a Lyapunov functional that leads to our results.

关键词： structural damping energy decay laminated beam microtemperature time-varying delay partial differential equations nonlinear equations

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