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Towards Drought Modeling in South Asia: Machine Learning Approaches, Challenges and Opportunities

IEEE Access 2025年

作者： Reshan, Mana Saleh Al Raza, Muhammad Owais Mahoto, Naeem Ahmed Rajab, Adel Shaikh, Asadullah Elmagzoub, M.A. Rajab, Khairan Najran University College of Computer Science and Information Systems Department of Information Systems Najran61441 Saudi Arabia College of Computer Science and Information Systems Najran61441 Saudi Arabia Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University Department of Computer Engineering Istanbul34303 Turkey Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Department of Software Engineering Sindh Jamshoro76062 Pakistan Najran University College of Computer Science and Information Systems Department of Computer Science Najran61441 Saudi Arabia Najran University College of Computer Science and Information Systems Department of Network and Communication Engineering Najran Saudi Arabia

Drought is an environmental and economic problem. Sustainable ecosystems, water resources, food security, and all are severely affected by drought. Due to the increasing frequency and severity of droughts caused by climate change. Effective drought modeling is crucial for early warning systems and risk mitigation. Recent advances in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques have been developed as potential drought modeling tools that offer accurate drought modeling, providing policymakers and decision-makers with insightful information. The geographical scope of this study is the region of South Asia. This region is selected because of its heavy reliance on agriculture and vulnerability to droughts. The review offers a thorough grasp of how drought conditions are evaluated by gathering and analyzing the most important drought indicators and metrics specific to South Asia. The paper explores the current state- of-the-art in ML and DL (Complex Machine learning and deep learning models) for drought modeling, highlighting current challenges such as incomplete and inconsistent datasets, Lack of explainability and interpretability in complex ML/DL models, unavailability of benchmarks. Based on these challenges, this review suggests the following techniques to address these challenges: Data integration (Data fusion), distributed machine learning (Federated Learning) and explainable AI (XAI, SHAP, LIME, etc.). © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Federated learning

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Accelerated Image Stitching Via Parallel Computing for UAV Applications

Accelerated Image Stitching Via Parallel Computing for UAV A...

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AIAA science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Ramirez, Rick Korah, John Bhandari, Subodh Nguyen, Tu Chen, Yuqi Le, Du D. Computer Science Department California State Polytechnic University PomonaCA91768 United States Aerospace Engineering Department California State Polytechnic University PomonaCA91768 United States Computer Science Department University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Informatics Department University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Mathematics and Computer Science Department Mt. San Antonio College CA91789 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

In this work, we formulate an accelerated image fusion algorithm for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) application which is based on image stitching using invariant features. By utilizing parallel computing techniques for distributed and shared memory architectures, we have improved both the run time of the feature-based image stitching procedure, and the quality of the results when compared to sequential processing. The images used to generate the panorama were obtained from a UAV at a frame rate of 30Hz and a resolution of 3840×2160. As the UAV traverses across the landscape, a video frame buffer is collected and sent to a multi-core Central Processing Unit (CPU) where individual CPU cores perform image fusion in parallel. Our algorithm can be applied to any multi-core CPU (or cluster of multi-core CPU architectures) with support for Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) accelerations. The procedure was tested on various hardware platforms including edge computing devices, ground stations, and high-performance computing environments. The results show that as we increase the number of available CPU cores, there is a decrease in the runtime by as much as 7x under the distributed memory design. There is also a decrease in runtime during the feature detection stage of the fusion process under the shared memory design by a factor of 10x. Finally, by incorporating GPU acceleration at various stages of the stitching procedure, we can decrease the runtime by another factor of 2x. Furthermore, as we increase the number of threads utilized in the shared memory design, we find that there is a significant improvement in the quality of the panorama. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graphics processing unit

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Robust speech perception and classification-driven deep convolutional neural network with natural language processing

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Alexandria Engineering Journal 2025年 123卷 358-368页

作者： Alshammari, Alya Alzaidi, Muhammad Swaileh A. Alrusaini, Othman Alshuhail, Asma Allafi, Randa Yafoz, Ayman Alsini, Raed Khadidos, Alaa O. Department of Applied Linguistics College of Languages Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia Department of English Language College of Language Sciences King Saud University P. O. Box 145111 Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences Applied College Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer Sciences & Information Technology King Faisal University Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Sciences Northern Border University Arar Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia

Speech recognition systems use computer algorithms to interpret and process spoken words and translate them into text. Speech-to-text, or Speech detection, is the proficiency of a program or machine to find spoken words aloud and translate them into plain text. Speech detection systems are the most common complex systems that use wide-ranging research in computer engineering, linguistics, and computer science. In today's significant data era, several machine learning (ML) approaches for processing raw, unlabelled speech data still need to be improved. Deep learning (DL) models, on the other hand, with their powerful modelling ability for extensive data, are capable of directly processing unlabelled data and have become a crucial area of research in the domain of automated speech recognition. The DL model has recently gained popularity for voice disorders and automated speech detection. DL is an ML that exploits artificial neural networks (ANN) to gain meaningful insights from data. The DL approach demonstrated great success and achieved significant attention in different fields comprising speech processing, computer vision (CV), and natural language processing (NLP). Therefore, this article develops a Deep Learning with Natural Language Processing based Robust Speech Detection (DLNLP-RSD) technique. The DLNLP-RSD technique derives features from the mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) technique. Followed by the DLNLP-RSD technique employs a one-dimensional deep convolutional neural network (CNN) approach for the detection and classification of speech. Moreover, the parameter tuning model uses the grasshopper fractals optimization algorithm (GOA) approach. The performance evaluation of the proposed technique highlights its significant performance over other models concerning distinct measures. An extensive simulation analysis is executed to examine the improved results of the DLNLP-RSD model. The experimental validation of the DLNLP-RSD technique portrayed a sup

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Mixed RF/FSO Communication systems With Rate Splitting

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IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 2025年第5期43卷 1621-1634页

作者： Zhang, Yiran Xiao, Zhichen Yang, Liang Bithas, Petros S. Hasna, Mazen O. Karagiannidis, George K. Hunan University College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Changsha410082 China National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Department of Digital Industry Technologies Athens157 72 Greece Qatar University Department of Electrical Engineering Doha2713 Qatar Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Thessaloniki541 24 Greece Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Systems Research Center Beirut0379-7751 Lebanon

In this paper, rate splitting (RS) has been applied in a mixed dual-hop radio frequency/free space optical (RF/FSO) relay system. In particular, assuming fixed-gain amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) relay protocols, the performance of both heterodyne detection and intensity-modulated direct detection (IM-DD) has been analytically evaluated. In this framework, it is assumed that the RF channel suffers from Rayleigh fading, while the FSO channel is affected by the atmospheric turbulence-induced fading with Málaga (M) distribution and pointing errors. For the considered system, we derive expressions for the outage probability, the average bit error rate (BER), and the average channel capacity. In addition, the asymptotic performance of the system at high signal-to-noise ratios regime is analyzed, special cases are discussed, and useful insights have been extracted. Finally, numerical results are presented to verify the accuracy of the analytical and asymptotic expressions. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Heterodyne detection

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Empowering the adoption of blockchain-based cryptocurrency as a payment method: A user-friendly educational approach

IET Blockchain

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IET Blockchain 2025年第1期5卷

作者： Alrehaili, Ahmed White, Martin Beloff, Natalia University of Sussex School of Engineering and Informatics Informatics Brighton United Kingdom Islamic University of Madinah College of Computing and Information Systems Computer Science Department Medina Saudi Arabia

Organizations are adopting technological innovations to transform payment systems due to challenges with traditional methods, such as slow speed and high fees. These challenges have prompted a shift towards blockchain-based cryptocurrencies. However, cryptocurrency adoption for payments remains limited, especially in Saudi Arabia. This study adapts the technology acceptance model to explore cryptocurrency adoption through the blockchain-based cryptocurrency as a payment method in Saudi Arabia (BCAP-SA) model. Factors within the model are assessed using an experimental vignette-task methodology and surveys. A key component is an educational package, offering comprehensive materials to explain blockchain technology. The findings confirm the reliability of surveys. Most model factors are statistically significant in influencing users’ intention to use cryptocurrency. The study finds that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and perceived trust significantly impact participants’ intentions. Additionally, low transaction fees and age are the most influential factors on the technology acceptance model's core constructs. Statistical analysis indicates that decentralization and anonymity were insignificant and thus excluded from the revised BCAP-SA model. These findings highlight the potential to enhance cryptocurrency adoption in Saudi Arabia. The study's insights can guide strategies to promote wider cryptocurrency usage in the region. © 2025 The Author(s). IET Blockchain published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institution of Engineering and Technology.

关键词： blockchain platforms blockchains cryptocurrencies models and analysis

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AI-Driven Predictive Analytics for CRM to Enhance Retention Personalization and Decision-Making

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International Journal of Advanced computer science and Applications 2025年第4期16卷 552-563页

作者： Gaidhani, Yashika Ramesh, Janjhyam Venkata Naga Singh, Sanjit Dagar, Reetika Rao, T. Subha Mastan Godla, Sanjiv Rao Baker El-Ebiary, Yousef A. Department of Electronics Engineering Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering Maharashtra Nagpur India Department of CSE Graphic Era Hill University Dehradun248002 India Department of CSE Graphic Era Deemed to Be University Uttarakhand Dehradun248002 India Department of MBA-Sanjivani College of Engineering Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune India GD Goenka University Haryana Gurugram India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Vaddeswaram Andhra Pradesh Guntur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Aditya University Andhra Pradesh Surampalem India Faculty of Informatics and Computing UniSZA University Malaysia

The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has dramatically altered Customer Relationship Management (CRM) by allowing organizations to anticipate customer behavior, customize interactions and automate service delivery. This research introduces an extensive AI-based predictive analytics framework aimed at improving customer engagement, retention and satisfaction using advanced Machine Learning (ML) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) methodologies. By using XGBoost for churn prediction and BERT-based models for sentiment analysis, the system efficiently handles both structured and unstructured customer data. The methodology involves sophisticated feature engineering, customer segmentation via K-Means clustering, and Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) prediction to aid data-driven business strategies. An NLP-driven chatbot offers real-time, personalized support, response time and improving user experience. Evaluation metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score demonstrate the better performance of the proposed system compared to conventional CRM approaches. This work also addresses important issues such as data privacy compliance, algorithmic bias and explainability of AI decision-making. Ethical deployment and transparency of AI are emphasized for building confidence in automated CRM systems. Future evolution will tackle the use of reinforcement learning to facilitate learning-based interaction schemes and federated learning for trusted, decentralized management of data. This architecture does not only provide better CRM functionality but also builds a platform towards intelligent, responsible and scalable solutions for customer relations across industries. © (2025), (science and Information Organization). All rights reserved.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Optimizing Convolutional Neural Networks’ Hyperparameters Based on Dynamic Salp Swarm Algorithm 8th

Optimizing Convolutional Neural Networks’ Hyperparameters B...

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8th National Conference on New Trends in Information and Communications Technology Applications, NTICT 2024

作者： Alabbas, Maytham Abdulsaed, Entesar H. Khudeyer, Raidah S. Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Basrah Basrah Iraq Department of Computer Information Systems College of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Basrah Basrah Iraq

ISBN: (纸本)9783031870750

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), characterized by their feed-forward and backpropagation architecture, have shown exceptional performance in various computer vision tasks. However, their effectiveness depends on careful choices of hyperparameters. These include the learning rate, batch size, dropout rate, and kernel size. Optimizing CNN hyperparameters is time-consuming and resource-intensive, relying on manual tuning. Recent advancements have introduced sophisticated optimization algorithms, like Bayesian optimization, random search, grid search, and evolutionary algorithms, automating this process and enhancing model performance. This study introduces an enhanced dynamic Salp swarm algorithm (EDSSA) for optimizing CNN hyperparameters. EDSSA addresses the challenge of variable-length individuals, enhances the search equation, and uses a hybrid good-point set (GPS)-based population initialization technique. EDSSA achieved 87% accuracy on the CIFAR-10 dataset, surpassing all earlier methods. Note that this may be the performance specifically for this dataset or for this architecture of CNNs. Though overly complicated data patterns had a few failures, the performance was particularly good in other datasets, thus showing generalization away from CIFAR-10. In practice, there are still some challenges for EDSSA, such as the high computational cost for a large-scale dataset and fine-tuning in other applications for image classification. Despite these, robust performance with fast convergence could imply deep practical implications of EDSSA because of automation for CNN hyperparameter optimization, saving time and resources. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Smart Gesture Interaction Enhancing Accessibility For Visually Impaired Individuals

Smart Gesture Interaction Enhancing Accessibility For Visual...

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2025 International Conference on Intelligent Control, Computing and Communications, IC3 2025

作者： Karthikeyan, K. Aswin Kumar, S. Vignesh, A. Vijay, M. K.S.Rangasamy College of Technology Department of Computer Science and Business Systems Tamil Nadu Namakkal India

ISBN: (数字)9798331527495

ISBN: (纸本)9798331527495

The majority of visually impaired user assistance systems concentrate on particular activities, such as reading text or identifying obstacles, and frequently need users to switch between programs for different purposes. This work presents a mobile system that uses an OpenCV-based algorithm for real-time gesture recording and processing, allowing users to do a variety of help tasks using simple hand gestures. In the first step, a multi-head neural network architecture recognizes movements;in the second stage, it initiates activities such as environment recognition or object description. With 40,000 different images including synthetic gestures trained on the dataset, the system performs competitively in gesture classification and localization. For visually challenged users, this integrated method simplifies device control by providing an effective, multipurpose helper. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Gesture recognition

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Location Privacy Preservation Crowdsensing With Federated Reinforcement Learning

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IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 2025年第3期22卷 1877-1894页

作者： You, Zhichao Dong, Xuewen Liu, Ximeng Gao, Sheng Wang, Yongzhi Shen, Yulong Xidian University School of Computer Science and Technology The Engineering Research Center of Blockchain Technology Application and Evaluation Ministry of Education Xi'an710071 China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Secure Computing Xi'an710071 China Fuzhou University College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou350025 China Central University of Finance and Economics School of Information Beijing102206 China California State Polytechnic University Pomona Department of Computer Information Systems PomonaCA91768 United States Xidian University School of Computer Science and Technology Xi'an710071 China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network and System Security Xi'an710071 China

Crowdsensing has become a popular method of sensing data collection while facing the problem of protecting participants' location privacy. Existing location-privacy crowdsensing mechanisms focus on static tasks and participants without considering sensing tasks' time requirements and participants' mobility, which cannot achieve satisfactory collected data quality and task completion in crowdsensing with dynamic tasks and participants. Inspired by this, we proposed a location-preservation crowdsensing mechanism, FedSense, considering dynamic tasks and participants based on federated learning (FL) and reinforcement learning (RL). In FedSense, through RL's outstanding decision-making ability, participants select sensing tasks to perform by well-trained RL models without uploading location information to servers for task allocation. We propose an independent tasks selection environment that defines actions, states, and rewards of RL to enable FedSense to achieve satisfactory task completion and data quality while preserving location privacy. Besides, FedSense applies an asynchronous FL aggregation algorithm that reduces participants' network stabilization and device computing ability requirements. Analysis proves that participants' location information does not leave the local device during the model training and task selection process, effectively avoiding privacy leakage. Simulation shows that compared with existing location-preservation crowdsensing mechanisms, FedSense achieves the highest task completion and sensing accuracy for dynamic tasks and participants. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Data privacy

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Leveraging Instruction-based Learning for Effective UAV Traffic Management in Dynamic Environment

Leveraging Instruction-based Learning for Effective UAV Traf...

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2025 International Conference on Multi-Agent systems for Collaborative Intelligence, ICMSCI 2025

作者： Ramya, R.S. Daniel, Keren Lois Rajkumar, S. Madhavan, Sruthi S. Akshya, J. Choudhry, Mani Deepak Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College Department of Computer Science and Engineering Coimbatore India KGiSL Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Business Systems Coimbatore India Sona College of Technology Department of Information Technology Salem India Nehru Institute of Engineering and Technology Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Coimbatore India Srm Institute of Science and Technology Department of Computational Intelligence Chennai India Srm Institute of Science and Technology Department of Computing Technologies Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331509828

With the popularization of UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) in surveillance, delivery services, environmental monitoring, and increasingly other operational aspects, besides the need to take off and land, efficient traffic management becomes integral for assuring and securing further development and exploitation. Most of the existing traffic management systems for UAVs depend on traditional rule-based algorithms or simpler machine learning techniques, such as DQN or PPO. However, these systems also have enormous challenges: dynamic environments, high-density traffic, and robust decision-making over unpredictable weather and network conditions. In addition, the above traditional models usually experience difficulties in balancing exploration and exploitation, leading to suboptimal routing and enlarged collision risks in complicated urban airspaces. These challenges have driven us to develop a new proposal: a UA V traffic management framework based on Double Deep Q-Network (DDQN) combined with Instruction-Based Learning. In this approach, advanced learning for DDQN optimizes processes at decision-making points for UAVs. The model proposed herein, along with comprehensive simulations and quantitative analyses, demonstrated higher performance in terms of leadership and cumulative rewards while keeping lower training loss compared to the classical algorithms such as DQN, A3C, and PPO. At the same time, the DDQN model presented a better success rate (95%), as also reflected in the balanced precision-recall curve showing an area under the curve of 0.90, over others in the on-point prediction of UAVstate and safety margin of collision. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed DDQN-based framework significantly enhances UA V traffic management by optimizing energy consumption in complex airspaces and reducing the risk of collision. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Decision making

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