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The Transparency Challenge in Blockchain-Enabled Sustainable Development Goals Applications: Exploring Privacy-Preserving Techniques and Emerging Platforms

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 81769-81793页

作者： Bounceur, Ahcene Berkani, Ahmed-Sami Moumen, Hamouma Benharzallah, Saber University of Sharjah College of Computing and Informatics Sharjah United Arab Emirates University of Batna 2 Computer Science Department Batna05078 Algeria

Blockchain technology has emerged as a key enabler for achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by offering transparent, decentralized solutions across multiple sectors. However, its inherent transparency introduces significant privacy challenges, particularly in sensitive areas such as healthcare, energy, finance, and supply chains, where confidentiality is critical. To address this tension, this paper explores a range of emerging privacy-preserving techniques, including Ring Signatures, Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs), Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMPC), Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs), and mixers, analyzing their implementation, effectiveness, and limitations. Furthermore, we conduct a detailed technical study of next-generation blockchain platforms that integrate these techniques to balance privacy, scalability, and interoperability. Our contributions include a deep dive into privacy challenges in blockchain applications for SDGs, a comparative analysis of privacy-preserving solutions, a comprehensive evaluation of emerging platforms, and a review of existing research that leverages these privacy techniques in SDG-related domains. This work aims to provide critical insights into how blockchain technology can be effectively adapted to support sustainable development while safeguarding sensitive data. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Privacy by design

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Congruent Feature Selection Method to Improve the Efficacy of Machine Learning-Based Classification in Medical Image Processing

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computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2025年第1期142卷 357-384页

作者： Mohd Anjum Naoufel Kraiem Hong Min Ashit Kumar Dutta Yousef Ibrahim Daradkeh Department of Computer Engineering Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh202002India College of Computer Science King Khalid UniversityAbha61413Saudi Arabia School of Computing Gachon UniversitySeongnam13120Republic of Korea Department of Computer Science and Information Systems College of Applied SciencesAlMaarefa UniversityRiyadh13713Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering and Information College of Engineering in Wadi AlddawasirPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj16273Saudi Arabia

Machine learning(ML)is increasingly applied for medical image processing with appropriate learning *** applications include analyzing images of various organs,such as the brain,lung,eye,etc.,to identify specific flaws/diseases for *** primary concern of ML applications is the precise selection of flexible image features for pattern detection and region *** of the extracted image features are irrelevant and lead to an increase in computation ***,this article uses an analytical learning paradigm to design a Congruent Feature Selection Method to select the most relevant image *** process trains the learning paradigm using similarity and correlation-based features over different textural intensities and pixel *** similarity between the pixels over the various distribution patterns with high indexes is recommended for disease ***,the correlation based on intensity and distribution is analyzed to improve the feature selection ***,the more congruent pixels are sorted in the descending order of the selection,which identifies better regions than the ***,the learning paradigm is trained using intensity and region-based similarity to maximize the chances of ***,the probability of feature selection,regardless of the textures and medical image patterns,is *** process enhances the performance of ML applications for different medical image *** proposed method improves the accuracy,precision,and training rate by 13.19%,10.69%,and 11.06%,respectively,compared to other models for the selected *** mean error and selection time is also reduced by 12.56%and 13.56%,respectively,compared to the same models and dataset.

关键词： computer vision feature selection machine learning region detection texture analysis image classification medical images

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Enhanced Federated Learning Framework based on Deep Learning and Neutrosophic Set for Android Malware Classification

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Neutrosophic Sets and systems 2025年 82卷 781-799页

作者： Abdellah, Mohamed Refaat Oudah, Hasan H. Badawy, Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Mohamed, Abdelfattah Abdelfattah M. Bedier, Shady Ahmed Metwaly, Ahmed A. Eassa, Mohamed Abdelhafeez, Ahmed The Department of Computer Science College of Information Technology Misr University for Science and Technology Cairo Egypt College of Arts Department of Journalism Ahl Al Bayt University Karbala Iraq Cybersecurity Department Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Helwan University Egypt Computer Science Department Faculty of Information System and Computer Science October 6 University Giza12585 Egypt Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computers and Informatics Zagazig University Zagazig44519 Egypt Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private University Amman Jordan

Malware detection is one of the critical tasks of cybersecurity, especially considering the growing popularity of mobile devices. The integrity and security of mobile ecosystems rely on the capacity to identify malware quickly and precisely, as security hacks against these devices become increasingly frequent. Due to the requirement for massive volumes of data aggregation, traditional centralized machine learning (ML) techniques for malware detection face challenges with data sharing, computational complexity, and privacy. This research addresses these challenges by proposing a novel model, called "CNN-Fed", which is based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) with Federated Learning (Fed). The main goal of this work is to create a global classifier for Android malware detection that is highly accurate and does not require centralised data aggregation. Using four benchmark datasets—Drebin, Malgenome, Kronodroid, and Tuandromd—the CNN-Fed model is trained across many clients in a federated setting under the suggested architecture. Then we use multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodology to evaluate the number of clients and number of rounds. We use two MCDM methods such as Entropy methodology to compute the criteria weights and the CoCoSo methodology to rank the alternatives. We use the interval-valued neutrosophic sets (IVNSs) to deal with uncertainty and vague information. We use five criteria such as accuracy, F1-score, precision, recall, and FP and six of alternatives refer to the number of clients and number of rounds. The results show the best alternative has a larger number of clients and rounds. © 2025, University of New Mexico. All rights reserved.

关键词： Android malware

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Bidirectional LSTM-Based Energy Consumption Forecasting:Advancing AI-Driven Cloud Integration for Cognitive City Energy Management

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第5期83卷 2907-2926页

作者： Sheik Mohideen Shah Meganathan Selvamani Mahesh Thyluru Ramakrishna Surbhi Bhatia Khan Shakila Basheer Wajdan Al Malwi Mohammad Tabrez Quasim Department of Computer Science and Engineering Srinivasa Ramanujan CentreSASTRA Deemed UniversityKumbakonam612001India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyJAIN(Deemed-to-be University)Bangalore562112India School of Science Engineering and EnvironmentUniversity of SalfordManchesterM54WTUK University Centre for Research and Development Chandigarh UniversityMohali140413PunjabIndia Centre for Research Impact and Outcome Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and TechnologyChitkara UniversityRajpura140401PunjabIndia Department of Information Systems College ofComputer and Information SciencePrincessNourah bintAbdulrahmanUniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia College of Computer Science Informatics and Computer Systems Department King Khalid UniversityAbha61421Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence College of Computing and Information TechnologyUniversity of BishaBisha61922Saudi Arabia

Efficient energy management is a cornerstone of advancing cognitive cities,where AI,IoT,and cloud computing seamlessly integrate to meet escalating global energy *** this context,the ability to forecast electricity consumption with precision is vital,particularly in residential settings where usage patterns are highly variable and *** study presents an innovative approach to energy consumption forecasting using a bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)*** a dataset containing over twomillionmultivariate,time-series observations collected froma single household over nearly four years,ourmodel addresses the limitations of traditional time-series forecasting methods,which often struggle with temporal dependencies and non-linear *** bidirectional LSTM architecture processes data in both forward and backward directions,capturing past and future contexts at each time step,whereas existing unidirectional LSTMs consider only a single temporal *** design,combined with dropout regularization,leads to a 20.6%reduction in RMSE and an 18.8%improvement in MAE over conventional unidirectional LSTMs,demonstrating a substantial enhancement in prediction accuracy and *** to existing models—including SVM,Random Forest,MLP,ANN,and CNN—the proposed model achieves the lowest MAE of 0.0831 and RMSE of 0.2213 during testing,significantly outperforming these *** results highlight the model’s superior ability to navigate the complexities of energy usage patterns,reinforcing its potential application in AI-driven IoT and cloud-enabled energy management systems for cognitive *** integrating advanced machine learning techniqueswith IoT and cloud infrastructure,this research contributes to the development of intelligent,sustainable urban environments.

关键词： Deep learning bidirectional LSTM energy consumption forecasting time-series analysis predictive modeling machine learning in energy management

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An AI-Enabled Framework for Transparency and Interpretability in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第3期82卷 5057-5078页

作者： Isha Kiran Shahzad Ali Sajawal ur Rehman Khan Musaed Alhussein Sheraz Aslam Khursheed Aurangzeb Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore39161Pakistan Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie Alma Mater Studiorum—Universita di BolognaBologna40126Italy Department of Information Sciences University of EducationLahore54770Pakistan Department of Computer Science National Textile UniversityKarachi CampusKarachi74900Pakistan Department of Computer Science National Textile UniversityFaisalabad37610Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering Computer Engineeringand InformaticsCyprus University of TechnologyLimassol3036Cyprus Department of Computer Science CTL EurocollegeLimassol3077Cyprus

Cardiovascular disease(CVD)remains a leading global health challenge due to its high mortality rate and the complexity of early diagnosis,driven by risk factors such as hypertension,high cholesterol,and irregular pulse *** diagnostic methods often struggle with the nuanced interplay of these risk factors,making early detection *** this research,we propose a novel artificial intelligence-enabled(AI-enabled)framework for CVD risk prediction that integrates machine learning(ML)with eXplainable AI(XAI)to provide both high-accuracy predictions and transparent,interpretable *** to existing studies that typically focus on either optimizing ML performance or using XAI separately for local or global explanations,our approach uniquely combines both local and global interpretability using Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations(LIME)and SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP).This dual integration enhances the interpretability of the model and facilitates clinicians to comprehensively understand not just what the model predicts but also why those predictions are made by identifying the contribution of different risk factors,which is crucial for transparent and informed decision-making in *** framework uses ML techniques such as K-nearest neighbors(KNN),gradient boosting,random forest,and decision tree,trained on a cardiovascular ***,the integration of LIME and SHAP provides patient-specific insights alongside global trends,ensuring that clinicians receive comprehensive and actionable *** experimental results achieve 98%accuracy with the Random Forest model,with precision,recall,and F1-scores of 97%,98%,and 98%,*** innovative combination of SHAP and LIME sets a new benchmark in CVD prediction by integrating advanced ML accuracy with robust interpretability,fills a critical gap in existing *** framework paves the way for more explainable and transparent decision-making in he

关键词： Artificial Intelligence cardiovascular disease(CVD) explainability eXplainable AI(XAI) interpretability LIME machine learning(ML) SHAP

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Mango Disease Detection Using Fused Vision Transformer with ConvNeXt Architecture

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第4期83卷 1023-1039页

作者： Faten S.Alamri Tariq Sadad Ahmed S.Almasoud Raja Atif Aurangzeb Amjad Khan Department of Mathematical Sciences College of SciencePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science University of Engineering&TechnologyMardan23200Pakistan AIDA Lab Department of Information SystemsCollege of Computer&Information SciencesPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh12435Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science International Islamic UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan

Mango farming significantly contributes to the economy,particularly in developing ***,mango trees are susceptible to various diseases caused by fungi,viruses,and bacteria,and diagnosing these diseases at an early stage is crucial to prevent their spread,which can lead to substantial *** development of deep learning models for detecting crop diseases is an active area of research in smart *** study focuses on mango plant diseases and employs the ConvNeXt and Vision Transformer(ViT)*** datasets were *** first,MangoLeafBD,contains data for mango leaf diseases such as anthracnose,bacterial canker,gall midge,and powdery *** second,SenMangoFruitDDS,includes data for mango fruit diseases such as Alternaria,Anthracnose,Black Mould Rot,Healthy,and Stem and *** datasets were obtained from publicly available *** proposed model achieved an accuracy of 99.87%on the MangoLeafBD dataset and 98.40%on the MangoFruitDDS *** results demonstrate that ConvNeXt and ViT models can effectively diagnose mango diseases,enabling farmers to identify these conditions more *** system contributes to increased mango production and minimizes economic losses by reducing the time and effort needed for manual ***,the proposed system is integrated into a mobile application that utilizes the model as a backend to detect mango diseases instantly.

关键词： ConvNeXt model fusion mango disease smart agriculture vision transformer

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Intelligent integration of AI and IoT for advancing ecological health, medical services, and community prosperity

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Alexandria Engineering Journal 2025年 127卷 522-540页

作者： Alzahrani, Abdulrahman Kostkova, Patty Alshammari, Hamoud Habibullah, Safa Alzahrani, Ahmed Department of Information System and Technology College of Computer Science and Engineering University of Jeddah Saudi Arabia University College London United Kingdom Department of Information systems College of Computer and Information Sciences Jouf University Saudi Arabia

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) are developing so fast that they can bring revolutionary changes in ecological sustainability, public health, and community welfare. In contrast, the present waste management system has a set of inefficiencies due to some challenges, such as poor waste stream segregation, limited real-time data analysis, and negligible integration of recent technology. These challenges lead to environmental degradation, public health hazards, and inefficient usage of resources. This research targets these challenges by designing an IWM framework like AI-IoT for smart waste management. The system employs AI models powered by IoT sensors for efficient waste collection, classification, and optimization of recycling schedules. CNN (convolutional neural networks) with transfer learning enabled by Res-Net provides high-accuracy image recognition, which can be used for waste classification. Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) allow multilingual users to interact and communicate properly in any linguistic environment. Data collected from IoT-enabled smart bins is transmitted in real-time to a central control system for dynamic decision-making and follow-up analysis. A pilot exercise to verify the system's effectiveness was implemented in metropolitan settings to show the transformation: landfill dependency was decreased by 30 %, recycling efficiency was greatly increased to 90 %, and thus the cost of waste management was optimized. At the same time, environmental health inequity, causing pathogen-related threats, was reduced by 35 %. The model has an accuracy of 96.8 %. The features of the proposed framework not only provide solutions to the existing inefficiencies but also enhance scalability, cost-effectiveness, and global environmental standardization. This dawns the futuristic growth of AI- and IoT-enabled waste management systems, which hinge on sustainability, public health, and resource efficienc

关键词： Artificial Intelligence Internet of Things BERT Medical Services Res-Net Waste Management

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ClipArtGAN: An Application of Pix2Pix Generative Adversarial Network for Clip Art Generation

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-25页

作者： Elnabawy, Reham H. Abdennadher, Slim Hellwich, Olaf Eldawlatly, Seif Technische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany Computer Science and Engineering Department Faculty of Media Engineering and Technology German University in Cairo Cairo Egypt Computer Science Department Faculty of Informatics and Computer Science German International University New Administrative Capital Egypt Computer and Systems Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Ain Shams University 1 El-sarayat st. Abbassia Cairo Egypt Computer Science and Engineering Department The American University in Cairo Cairo Egypt School of Information Technology New Giza University Giza Egypt

An image can convey a thousand words. This statement emphasizes the importance of illustrating ideas visually rather than writing them down. Although detailed image representation is typically instructive, there are several contexts where simplification of image representations may be more informative. One way to provide an abstract representation of an object is via clip art, which is a simple graphic illustration of an object that can be included in documents or presentations. Clip art representation can be utilized in graphic design for concepts expression and daily life objects illustration. Furthermore, clip art had shown remarkable advantages when compared to real images in terms of editing and manipulation since clip art geometry can be easily edited in addition to the feasibility of storing it in a resolution-independent manner. However, it can be difficult to automatically create clip arts that resemble any object. Here, we propose a novel deep learning model, named ClipArtGAN, that utilizes Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to convert a photo of an object to its corresponding clip art. To our knowledge, this is the first GAN model based on Pix2Pix architecture that is capable of automatically generating clip art for any arbitrary object. Three training datasets were collected to train and compare two GAN models based on Pix2Pix and CycleGAN architectures. Our results demonstrate that the mean accuracy obtained using ClipArtGAN utilizing Pix2Pix outperforms that of CycleGAN by 58% and that of Google Images-based search by 54%. These results indicate the efficacy of ClipArtGAN in generating representative clip art images. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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A novel U-net model for brain tumor segmentation from MRI images

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Alexandria Engineering Journal 2025年 126卷 220-230页

作者： Obayya, Marwa Alshuhail, Asma Mahmood, Khalid Alanazi, Meshari H. Alqahtani, Mohammed Aljehane, Nojood O. Almansour, Hamad Al-Hagery, Mohammed Abdullah Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University PO Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer Sciences & Information Technology King Faisal university Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Applied College at Mahayil King Khalid University Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Sciences Northern Border University Arar Saudi Arabia Department of Information System and Cyber Security College of Computing and Information Technology University of Bisha Bisha61922 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computers and Information Technology University of Tabuk Tabuk Saudi Arabia Applied Collage Najran University Najran Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computer Qassim University Saudi Arabia

Segmentation of brain tumors aids in diagnosing the disease early, planning treatment, and monitoring its progression in medical image analysis. Automation is necessary to eliminate the time and variability associated with traditional segmentation methods. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and U-Net architectures have demonstrated their efficiency and effectiveness in segmenting brain tumors from MRI images using deep learning techniques. The paper presents an improved U-Net-based segmentation algorithm that integrates nested skip paths to improve encoder-decoder feature fusion. The performance of segmentation was optimized by utilizing a variety of activation functions and loss functions, including Dice Loss and Intersection over Union (IoU). A high level of accuracy was demonstrated in the proposed model when it was evaluated using the LGG Segmentation Dataset. The proposed approach for segmenting medical images has been shown to be both robust and efficient in a comparative analysis. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Foreign object debris detection in lane images using deep learning methodology

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PeerJ computer science 2025年 11卷 1-16页

作者： Priyadharsini, S. Bhuvaneshwara, Raja K. Kousi, Krishnan T Senthil, Kumar Jagatheesaperumal Bader, Fahad Alkhamees Mohammad, Mehedi Hassan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Mepco Schlenk Engineering College Tamilnadu Sivakasi India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Mepco Schlenk Engineering College Tamilnadu Sivakasi India Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Background: Foreign object debris (FOD) is an unwanted substance that damages vehicular systems, most commonly the wheels of vehicles. In airport runways, these foreign objects can damage the wheels or internal systems of planes, potentially leading to flight crashes. Surveys indicate that FOD-related damage costs over $4 billion annually, affecting airlines, airport tenants, and passengers. Current FOD clearance involves high-cost radars and significant manpower, and existing radar and camera-based surveillance methods are expensive to install. Methods: This work proposes a video-based deep learning methodology to address the high cost of radar-based FOD detection. The proposed system consists of two modules for FOD detection: object classification and object localization. The classification module categorizes FOD into specific types of foreign objects. In the object localization module, these classified objects are pinpointed in video frames. Results: The proposed system was experimentally tested with a large video dataset and compared with existing methods. The results demonstrated improved accuracy and robustness, allowing the FOD clearance team to quickly detect and remove foreign objects, thereby enhancing the safety and efficiency of airport runway operations. © 2025 S et al.

关键词： Airport runways

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