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Enhancing epigraphy: a deep learning approach to recognize and analyze Tamil ancient inscriptions

Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第31期36卷 19839-19861页

作者： Bhuvaneswari, S. Kathiravan, K. Computer Science and Engineering Easwari Engineering College Tamil Nadu Chennai India Electronics and Communication Engineering Easwari Engineering College Tamil Nadu Chennai India

This research paper presents a novel algorithmic approach for character recognition and contextual analysis of temple inscriptions, specifically focusing on Tamil ancient script. The methodology combines advanced preprocessing techniques, deep learning models, and contextual analysis to address the challenges posed by noisy images, script variations, and historical context understanding. We compiled a dataset of 100 high-resolution images of temple inscriptions from various regions and periods. The preprocessing phase involves Noise Reduction, Contrast Enhancement, Orientation Correction, and Adaptive Binarization algorithms to enhance the quality of the inscription images. The character recognition stage employs Convolutional Neural Networks with Transfer Learning, further enhanced by the Multi-head Attention mechanism in Vision Transformers (ViT). The character segmentation algorithm used was the Stroke Width Transform. Transfer Learning was incorporated to adapt the pre-trained ViT model to our specific task. This approach significantly improves the model’s ability to recognize characters from diverse scripts and languages. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The character recognition accuracy metrics include a precision of 97.25%, a recall of 95.05%, and an F1-score of 95.17%. Additionally, the model achieved a recognition rate of 98.92% for key terms related to historical events, deities, and rulers. It also demonstrated a 94% recognition rate for context-specific phrases and a 95% recognition rate for historical dates. Contextual analysis results indicate that the model successfully identifies specific terms, phrases, and historical references, contributing to a deeper understanding of the inscriptions. The model's ability to recognize characters from multiple scripts underscores its adaptability to diverse inscriptions. In conclusion, this research provides a comprehensive and efficient solution for character recognition and

关键词： Image segmentation

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Utilization of Two Cross Two Switch for Bitonic Sorting Circuit

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Micro and Nanosystems 2025年第1期17卷 45-57页

作者： Bhattacharjee, Subhasree Sarkar, Soumyadip Das, Kunal Sadhu, Arindam Sarkar, Bikramjit Department of Computer Application Narula Institute of Technology Kolkata India Department of Computer Science Acharya Prafulla Chandra College Kolkata India Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Greater Kolkata College of Engineering and Management West Bengal India Department of Computer Science & Engineering JIS College of Engineering West Bengal India

Background: The synthesis of reversible logic has gained prominence as a crucial research area, particularly in the context of post-CMOS computing devices, notably quantum computing. Objective: To implement the bitonic sorting circuit, 2x2 switch, is used. The overarching objective of implementing a reversible sorting circuit is to mitigate power consumption while promising secure communication. The successful implementation of the bitonic sorting circuit utilizing the proposed 2x2 switch is validated through simulations conducted in IBM Qiskit. Methods: This study begins by employing the control swap gate to implement a 2x2 switch, aimed at enabling concurrent computing operations within multiprocessor systems to enhance throughput. Subsequently, following the successful implementation of the 2x2 switch, the study proceeds to design a bitonic sorting circuit. Results: Bitonic sort using a 2x2 switch on the IBM Quantum Experience (IBMQ) platform via the QISKit SDK in Python 3.6. Specifically, Qiskit v0.29.0 is utilized, with OpenQASM. OpenQASM serves as the quantum assembly and instruction language. Conclusion: This work presents a methodology for constructing a 2x2 switch, utilizing a reversible control swap gate as its core component. Additionally, it demonstrates the intricate development and implementation of a bitonic sorting circuit, capitalizing on this innovative switch architecture. © 2025 Bentham science Publishers.

关键词： Quantum computers

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Hybrid heuristic driving training-rider optimization algorithm for QoS-aware multicast communication system in MANET

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Australian Journal of Electrical and electronics engineering 2024年第1期21卷 59-78页

作者： Sarangi, Sanjaya Kumar Nanda, Arabinda Lenka, Rasmita Behera, Prafulla Kumar Department of Computer Science and Applications Utkal University Bhubaneswar India Department of Computer Science & Engineering Krupajal Engineering College Bhubaneswar India School of electronics engineering KIIT University Bhubaneswar India

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is broadly applicable in various sectors within a short amount of time, which is connected to mobile developments. However, the communication in the MANET faces several issues like synchronization, managing power, resources, and routing management. Often, finding the optimal path in the MANET becomes complicated in the existing approaches. In this work, the latest QoS-assisted multiple-cast communication system in MANET is presented using hybridized approaches for better communication over the MANET domain. Especially, an Exploitation-assisted Driving Training-Rider Optimization (EDT-RO) model is suggested for the multicast routing in MANET. The developed EDT-RO algorithm optimizes the paths for communication in MANET, where the network considers more than two receivers. The proposed EDT-RO-based multicast routing algorithm aims to attain the objective function considering the data packet delivery rate, the throughput, the end-to-end latency, and the Quality of Service (QoS). Throughout the result analysis, the offered model shows better performance in terms of 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 1.5% than DHOA, Jaya, DTBO, and ROA regarding mean. Simulations are conducted by comparing with other optimization algorithms used for QoS-assisted multiple casts routing to showcase and attain better routing performance of the developed models. ©, Engineers Australia.

关键词： Optimization

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Hybrid Recommender System Using Systolic Tree for Pattern Mining

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computer Systems science & engineering 2023年第2期44卷 1251-1262页

作者： S.Rajalakshmi K.R.Santha Department of Computer Science Engineering Sri Venkateswara College of EngineeringSriperumbudurIndia Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Sri Venkateswara College of EngineeringSriperumbudurIndia

A recommender system is an approach performed by e-commerce for increasing smooth users’*** pattern mining is a technique of data mining used to identify the co-occurrence relationships by taking into account the order of *** work will present the implementation of sequence pattern mining for recommender systems within the domain of *** work will execute the Systolic tree algorithm for mining the frequent patterns to yield feasible rules for the recommender *** feature selec-tion's objective is to pick a feature subset having the least feature similarity as well as highest relevancy with the target *** will mitigate the feature vector's dimensionality by eliminating redundant,irrelevant,or noisy *** work pre-sents a new hybrid recommender system based on optimized feature selection and systolic *** features were extracted using Term Frequency-Inverse Docu-ment Frequency(TF-IDF),feature selection with the utilization of River Forma-tion Dynamics(RFD),and the Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)*** systolic tree is used for pattern mining,and based on this,the recommendations are *** proposed methods were evaluated using the MovieLens dataset,and the experimental outcomes conﬁrmed the efﬁciency of the *** was observed that the RFD feature selection with systolic tree frequent pattern mining with collaborativeﬁltering,the precision of 0.89 was achieved.

关键词： Recommender systems hybrid recommender systems frequent pattern mining collaborativeﬁltering systolic tree river formation dynamics particle swarm optimization

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ANovel Light Weight CNN Framework Integrated with Marine Predator Optimization for the Assessment of Tear Film-Lipid Layer Patterns

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computer Modeling in engineering & sciences 2023年第7期136卷 87-106页

作者： Bejoy Abraham Jesna Mohan Linu Shine Sivakumar Ramachandran Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering MuttatharaThiruvananthapuramKerala695008India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Mar Baselios College of Engineering and TechnologyThiruvananthapuramKerala695015India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering College of Engineering TrivandrumKerala695016India

Tear film,the outermost layer of the eye,is a complex and dynamic structure responsible for tear *** tear film lipid layer is a vital component of the tear film that provides a smooth optical surface for the cornea and wetting the ocular *** eye syndrome(DES)is a symptomatic disease caused by reduced tear production,poor tear quality,or excessive *** diagnosis is a difficult task due to its multifactorial *** of several clinical tests available,the evaluation of the interference patterns of the tear film lipid layer forms a potential tool for DES *** instrument known as Tearscope Plus allows the rapid assessment of the lipid layer.A grading scale composed of five categories is used to classify lipid layer *** reported work proposes the design of an automatic system employing light weight convolutional neural networks(CNN)and nature inspired optimization techniques to assess the tear film lipid layer patterns by interpreting the images acquired with the Tearscope *** designed framework achieves promising results compared with the existing state-of-the-art techniques.

关键词： Dry-eye syndrome tearscope plus tear film deep neural networks

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Impact of the chaotic semiconductor laser output power on time-delay-signature of chaos and random bit generation

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Chinese Physics B 2025年第3期34卷 325-330页

作者： Chenpeng Xue Xu Wang Likai Zheng Haoyu Zhang Yanhua Hong Zuxing Zhang College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Flexible Electronics(Future Technology) Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China School of Computer Science and Engineering Bangor UniversityBangor LL571UTUK

We experimentally analyze the effect of the optical power on the time delay signature identification and the random bit generation in chaotic semiconductor laser with optical *** to the inevitable noise during the photoelectric detection and analog-digital conversion,the varying of output optical power would change the signal to noise ratio,then impact time delay signature identification and the random bit *** results show that,when the optical power is less than-14 dBm,with the decreasing of the optical power,the actual identified time delay signature degrades and the entropy of the chaotic signal ***,the extracted random bit sequence with lower optical power is more easily pass through the randomness testing.

关键词： chaos time delay signature entropy estimation random bit generation

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Accurate segmentation of COVID-19 infected regions in lung CT scans with deep learning

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第35期36卷 22511-22531页

作者： Lenin Marksia, U. Yesubai Rubavathi, C. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Francis Xavier Engineering College Tamil Nadu Tirunelveli India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Saveetha College of Engineering Tamil Nadu Chennai India

The widespread impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a severe health crisis and loss of life affecting billions of people. Detecting COVID-19 early on and distinguishing it from other illnesses is a major challenge in the pandemic. Computed tomography scans are vital for diagnosis, but they are difficult and slow for radiologists to interpret. So, deep learning technology is being used to speed up disease diagnosis, especially for COVID-19. This research employs a multi-scale feature extraction module that captures features at different scales to detect small and large structures in infection areas. The channel attention module enhances feature representation by focusing on informative channels. A bidirectional pyramid module is utilized to acquire fine-grained details and reduce spatial dimensions. The global dependencies and long-range contextual relationships among the images are captured through global and edge paths, resulting in clear and accurate images. Finally, the outputs from both modules are merged in the feature fusion Network to provide an accurate segmentation mask for COVID-19-related areas. The testing is conducted using the COVID-19 lung scan image dataset. Extensive trials are performed using standard metrics, and the output is compared with recently proposed approaches. The results demonstrate that this method achieves 98.6% accuracy, 96.54% precision, 97.52% sensitivity, 98.55% specificity, 98.59% kappa score, and an execution time of 3.2 s. These results suggest that this method performs better than other comparative methods and accurately identifies regions in the lungs affected by COVID-19. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： COVID-19

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Container Based Nomadic Vehicular Cloud Using Cell Transmission Model

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computer Systems science & engineering 2023年第1期44卷 423-440页

作者： Devakirubai Navulkumar Menakadevi Thangavelu Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jayam College of Engineering and TechnologyDharmapuri636813India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Adhiyaman College of EngineeringHosur635109India

Nomadic Vehicular Cloud(NVC)is envisaged in this *** predo-minant aspects of NVC is,it moves along with the vehicle that initiates it and functions only with the resources of moving vehicles on the heavy traffic road without relying on any of the static infrastructure and NVC decides the initiation time of container migration using cell transmission model(CTM).Containers are used in the place of Virtual Machines(VM),as containers’features are very apt to NVC’s dynamic *** specifications of 5G NR V2X PC5 interface are applied to NVC,for the feature of not relying on the network ***-days,the peak traffic on the road and the bottlenecks due to it are inevitable,which are seen here as the benefits for VC in terms of resource availability and residual in-network *** speed range of high-end vehicles poses the issue of dis-connectivity among VC participants,that results the container migration *** the entire VC participants are on the move,to maintain proximity of the containers hosted by them,estimating their movements plays a vital *** infer the vehicle movements on the road stretch and initiate the container migration prior enough to avoid the migration failure due to vehicles dynamicity,this paper proposes to apply the CTM to the container based and 5G NR V2X enabled *** simulation results show that there is a significant increase in the success rate of vehicular cloud in terms of successful container migrations.

关键词： Vehicular cloud container migration cell transmission model 5G NR V2X PC5 interface

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Monitoring COVID-19 environment: a real-time facial mask detection using YOLO models

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Research on Biomedical engineering 2025年第1期41卷 1-18页

作者： Pandiyan, P. Thangaraj, Rajasekaran V, Balasubramanian V. K, Manavalasundaram S, Balakrishnan Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology Coimbatore India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Nandha Engineering College Erode India Department of Information Technology Velalar College of Engineering and Technology Erode India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology Coimbatore India

Purpose: The rapid spread of COVID-19 has resulted in significant harm and impacted tens of millions of people globally. In order to prevent the transmission of the virus, individuals often wear masks as a protective measure for themselves and others. Coronavirus protection guidelines have been published by the World Health Organization (WHO). According to WHO standards, COVID-19 can be prevented by wearing a mask in public places and congested regions. In these places, it is very difficult to personally check to see if people are wearing face masks or not. Methods: The objective of this research work is to build a powerful, efficient, and real-time approach for detecting people not wearing masks. Three cutting-edge object identification models, namely YOLOv4, Tiny-YOLOv4, and YOLOv5, are employed in this study for the identification of masked faces. Result: The proposed YOLOv5 model is evaluated using real-time images captured using a smartphone or tablet. The test images include both single and multiple people with and without masks. The YOLOv5 model achieved recognition accuracy of 88.90% with an average detection speed of 0.0316 s per image, whereas the YOLOv4 and Tiny-YOLOv4 produced recognition accuracy of 82.24% and 74.80% with an average detection speed of 0.0530 s and 0.0541 s per image, respectively. Conclusion: The comparative performance suggests that the YOLOv5 model has a maximum recognition accuracy of 88.90% in face mask identification tasks compared to other models such as the YOLOv4 and Tiny-YOLOv4. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Brazilian Society of Biomedical engineering 2025.

关键词： COVID-19

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Strain modified nano-scale Ge/Ge0.98Sn0.02 exotic pin photo-sensor array for IR sensing: theoretical reliability and experimental feasibility studies

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Optical and Quantum electronics 2024年第12期56卷 1-20页

作者： Bhadra, Bias Chinara, Suchismita Kundu, Abhijit Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chaibasa Engineering College Jharkhand Chaibasa India Department of Computer Science and Engineering NIT Rourkela Odisha Rourkela India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Chaibasa Engineering College Jharkhand Chaibasa India

In this paper, the superiority of Ge/Ge0.98Sn0.02asymmetrical supper lattice structure based vertically doped nano-scale pin photo-sensor under operating wavelength of 1200 nm to 2200 nm is reported. The authors have developed non-linear Strain Modified Quantum-Corrected Drift–Diffusion (SMQCDD) model for analyzing the electrical and optical characteristics of the photo-sensor. The inclusion of a small amount of Sn (2%) into the pure Ge material creates in-plane bi-axial strain in the intrinsic region (i-region) of the device. This results in increases in the value of the out-plane mobility of the charge particles. As a result, the overall performance of the photo-sensor enhances significantly. The authors have used in-plane induced bi-axial strain to accelerate the out-plane mobility of the charge particles by incorporation of the exotic asymmetrical supper lattice structure in the i-region of the photo-sensor. The validation of the non-linear SMQCDD model is performed through comparison of the simulated data obtained from SMQCDD model with the experimental results under a-like thermal/structural/electrical conditions. Additionally, the authors have designed 3X2 array of photo-sensors and studied the photo-electrical characteristics at the said operating wavelength. The proposed device offers better performance in terms of quantum efficiency (0.619: single-type photo-sensor;0.708: array-type photo) and photo-responsivity (0.056 A/W: single-type photo-sensor;0.808 A/W:for array-type photo-sensor)at 1600 nm wavelength compared to its conventional flat Si counterpart. The developed exotic pin photo-sensor can be used as a sensing device for applications in optical communication and bio-medical systems. As far as the authors are aware, this is the first report on nano-scale Ge/Ge0.98Sn0.02exotic pin photo-sensor. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Nanocrystals

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