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Contactless and Real-time Hand Gesture Recognition using Inductive Proximity Technique for Wrist-worn Wearables

IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第11期25卷 20474-20485页

作者： Lin, Pei-Jung Shih, Chi-Huang Weng, Tzu-Hsuan Feng Chia University Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science Taichung407 Taiwan National Chin-Yi University of Technology Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taichung411 Taiwan

This study proposes a contactless and real-time hand gesture recognition system suitable for smartwatches. The proposed system adopts inductive proximity sensing to collect Mechanomyography (MMG) signals induced by finger-based gestures above the wrist. After the signal processing and feature extraction stages, machine-learning models can be built for gesture classification. Compared with the Electromyography (EMG)-based method generally deployed in the forearm, inductive MMG applies an electromagnetic field to the body surface and is suitable for use on the wrist. Compared to the existing contact methods, such as EMG and accelerometer-based MMG, the inductive MMG method does not require contact with the body surface to collect muscle action signals and can avoid interference from environmental factors such as sweat and dust. The main contributions of this study are (1) a watch-type prototype with inductive MMG sensing technique, including hardware and firmware;(2) a lightweight and efficient signal processing mechanism that can capture the inductive signal characteristics of gestures for the above-mentioned embedded system (i.e., watch-type prototype);and (3) the tempo-spatial feature extraction method to improve the accuracy of gesture recognition. The experiment results show that for six common machine learning models, the gesture recognition accuracy of the proposed system is above 95%, with a maximum of 97.47%. In the briefing control application for verification purposes, the average accuracy of the inductive gesture recognition system can achieve 98.26%, and the average processing time is 14.37 ms. According to the experimental results, the inductive MMG system can provide a feasible gesture recognition solution for wrist-worn wearable devices. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Firmware

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Hyperspectral Target Detection-Based 2-D-3-D Parallel Convolutional Neural Networks for Hyperspectral Image Classification

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IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 2024年 17卷 9451-9469页

作者： Chen, Shih-Yu Hsu, Kai-Hsun Kuo, Tzu-Hsien National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Yunlin64002 Taiwan

This article presents a novel hyperspectral target detection (HTD) based two-dimensional (2-D)-three-dimensional (3-D) parallel convolutional neural network (HTD 2D-3D-PCNN) model, which integrates the HTD technique to achieve outstanding performance in hyperspectral image classification. The proposed model effectively leverages both spectral and spatial information through a dual-branch architecture in hyperspectral imaging. In the first branch, HTD is utilized to enhance the spectral features of targets of interest, while suppressing background. The resulting enhanced image is then inputted to a 2D-CNN, augmented with an additional deconvolution layer to highlight spatial characteristics. Concurrently, the second branch employs dimensionality reduction via principal component analysis, and a 3D-CNN is employed to capture both spectral and spatial attributes. Subsequently, the feature maps from both convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are combined and processed through fully connected layers for classification. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed HTD-2D-3D-PCNN, extensive experiments are conducted on five widely used hyperspectral public datasets (Indian Pines, Pavia University, Salinas Scene, Kennedy Space Center, and Botswana) with a consistent training sample ratio of either 10% or 5%. The results show that HTD-2D-3D-PCNN can achieve overall accuracy values of 98.41%, 99.85%, 99.92%, 99.82%, and 98.82% for the respective datasets, surpassing the performance of recent methodologies. © 2008-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Image classification

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A Multi-Agent Proximal Policy Optimized Joint Mechanism in mmWave HetNets with CoMP Toward Energy Efficiency Maximization

IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking

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IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking 2024年第1期8卷 265-278页

作者： Lotfolahi, Amin Ferng, Huei-Wen National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taipei106319 Taiwan

A novel cluster-based traffic offloading and user association (UA) algorithm alongside a multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based base station (BS) activation mechanism is proposed in this paper. Our design aims to maximize the energy efficiency (EE) of the heterogeneous network (HetNet) while maintaining high quality of service (QoS). By taking advantage of the dense deployment of BSs in a HetNet, a clustering algorithm is first proposed to facilitate traffic offloading among BSs. Then, a multi-agent proximal policy optimization (MAPPO) based DRL algorithm is employed to trigger the BS activation decision based on the current environmental condition. Finally, a UA algorithm is deployed to improve further the (normalized) data rate of all users, known as the (normalized) sum rate. Via simulation, we show that our proposed mechanism can remarkably enhance the EE and excel over the closely related mechanisms. It satisfies the required data rate, improves the sum rate, and exhibits excellent scalability when many BSs are deployed. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Quality of service

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Explainable Classification Model for Android Malware Analysis Using API and Permission-Based Features

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第9期76卷 3167-3188页

作者： Nida Aslam Irfan Ullah Khan Salma Abdulrahman Bader Aisha Alansari Lama Abdullah Alaqeel Razan Mohammed Khormy Zahra Abdultawab AlKubaish Tariq Hussain SAUDI ARAMCO Cybersecurity Chair Department of Computer ScienceCollege of Computer Science and Information TechnologyImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Computer Engineering Department College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhouChina

One of the most widely used smartphone operating systems,Android,is vulnerable to cutting-edge malware that employs sophisticated *** malware attacks could lead to the execution of unauthorized acts on the victims’devices,stealing personal information and causing hardware *** previous studies,machine learning(ML)has shown its efficacy in detecting malware events and classifying their ***,attackers are continuously developing more sophisticated methods to bypass ***,up-to-date datasets must be utilized to implement proactive models for detecting malware events in Android mobile ***,this study employed ML algorithms to classify Android applications into malware or goodware using permission and application programming interface(API)-based features from a recent *** overcome the dataset imbalance issue,RandomOverSampler,synthetic minority oversampling with tomek links(SMOTETomek),and RandomUnderSampler were applied to the Dataset in different *** results indicated that the extra tree(ET)classifier achieved the highest accuracy of 99.53%within an elapsed time of 0.0198 s in the experiment that utilized the RandomOverSampler ***,the explainable Artificial Intelligence(EAI)technique has been applied to add transparency to the high-performance ET *** global explanation using the Shapely values indicated that the top three features contributing to the goodware class are:Ljava/net/URL;->openConnection,Landroid/location/LocationManager;->getLastKgoodwarewnLocation,and *** the other hand,the top three features contributing to themalware class are Receive_Boot_Completed,Get_Tasks,and Kill_Background_*** is believed that the proposedmodel can contribute to proactively detectingmalware events in Android devices to reduce the number of victims and increase users’trust.

关键词： Android malware machine learning malware detection explainable artificial intelligence cyber security

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IoT-Based Women Safety Gadgets (WSG): Vision, Architecture, and Design Trends

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第7期76卷 1027-1045页

作者： Sharad Saxena Shailendra Mishra Mohammed Baljon Shamiksha Mishra Sunil Kumar Sharma Prakhar Goel Shubham Gupta Vinay Kishore Department of Computer Science and Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and TechnologyPatialaPunjab147001India Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer&Information ScienceMajmaah UniversityMajmaah11952Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of TechnologyJamshedpur831001India

In recent years,the growth of female employees in the commercial market and industries has *** a result,some people think travelling to distant and isolated locations during odd hours generates new threats to women’s *** exponential increase in assaults and attacks on women,on the other hand,is posing a threat to women’s growth,development,and *** the time of the attack,it appears the women were immobilized and needed immediate *** self-defense isn’t sufficient against abuse;a new technological solution is desired and can be used as quickly as hitting a switch or *** proposed Women Safety Gadget(WSG)aims to design a wearable safety device model based on Internet-of-Things(IoT)and Cloud *** is designed in three layers,namely layer-1,having an android app;layer-2,with messaging and location tracking system;and layer-3,which updates information in the cloud *** can detect an unsafe condition by the pressure sensor of the finger on the artificial nail,consequently diffuses a pepper spray,and automatically notifies the saved closest contacts and police station through messaging and location *** has a response time of 1000 ms once the nail is pressed;the average time for pulse rate measure is 0.475 s,and diffusing the pepper spray is 0.2–0.5 *** average activation time is 2.079 s.

关键词： Perpetrator safety IoT women security GPS tracking GSM

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Centralized RANSAC-Based Point Cloud Registration With Fast Convergence and High Accuracy

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IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 2024年 17卷 5431-5442页

作者： Chung, Kuo-Liang Chang, Wei-Tai National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taipei106335 Taiwan

For point cloud registration, the purpose of this article is to propose a novel centralized random sample consensus (RANSAC) (C-RANSAC) registration with fast convergence and high accuracy. In our algorithm, the novel contributions are, first, the proposal of a scale histogram-based outlier removal to delete outliers from the initial line vector set L for constructing a reduced line vector set Lred;second, the handshake cooperation between the host RANSAC (H-RANSAC) only working on L and the local RANSAC (LCL-RANSAC) only working on Lred;third, in each handshake process, after receiving the global registration solution and the global iteration number xH from H-RANSAC, LCLRANSAC uses the received global solution as the initial solution of the modified TEASER++ (M-TEASER++) method to calculate its first local registration solution. If the first local registration solution satisfies the global iteration number inheritance condition, LCL-RANSAC directly sends the accumulated iteration number, xH + 1, and the first local solution back to H-RANSAC;otherwise, LCL-RANSAC iteratively refines its local solution using the M-TEASER++ method, and then sends the resultant local solution and the required local iteration number xLCL to H-RANSAC for updating the global solution, the global iteration number to xH := xH + xLCL, and the global confidence level. Due to |Lred| |L| and employing the global iteration number inheritance condition test into our algorithm, we have conducted extensive experiments on testing point cloud pairs to show the registration accuracy and execution time merits of our algorithm relative to the state-of-theart methods. © 2008-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Iterative methods

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Visual quality-enhanced reversible data hiding scheme based on interpolation and variant Sudoku matrics

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第18期84卷 1-29页

作者： Yuan, Longfei Lin, Chia-Chen Chang, Chin-Chen Department of Computer Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung Taiwan Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan

Utilizing interpolation techniques (IT) within reversible data hiding (RDH) algorithms presents the advantage of a substantial embedding capacity. Nevertheless, prevalent algorithms often straightforwardly embed confidential data into non-reference pixels without accounting for the relationships between neighboring pixels. This practice results in suboptimal visual quality in the stego images. To rectify this issue, we have introduced the augmentation and modification interpolation (AMI). Additionally, we have devised two variant Sudoku matrices to facilitate distinct data-hiding strategies tailored for different types of reference pixels: Single type and Paired type. By incorporating these innovative designs, the interpolation operation now preserves the pattern-level information of the block in the original image, rather than focusing solely on the pixel level. In assessing the effectiveness of our proposed scheme, we performed experiments utilizing two representative image datasets. The outcomes of these experiments validate that our scheme attains an average PSNR of 44.11 dB and an average hiding capacity of 1.63 bpp. Consequently, it is affirmed that the advantage offered by our proposed scheme is well-suited for scenarios demanding high-quality stego images. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Interpolation

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Towards Drought Modeling in South Asia: Machine Learning Approaches, Challenges and Opportunities

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 87654-87671页

作者： Reshan, Mana Saleh Al Raza, Muhammad Owais Mahoto, Naeem Ahmed Rajab, Adel Shaikh, Asadullah Elmagzoub, M.A. Rajab, Khairan Najran University College of Computer Science and Information Systems Department of Information Systems Najran61441 Saudi Arabia College of Computer Science and Information Systems Najran61441 Saudi Arabia Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University Department of Computer Engineering Istanbul34303 Turkey Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Department of Software Engineering Sindh Jamshoro76062 Pakistan Najran University College of Computer Science and Information Systems Department of Computer Science Najran61441 Saudi Arabia Najran University College of Computer Science and Information Systems Department of Network and Communication Engineering Najran Saudi Arabia

Drought is an environmental and economic problem. Sustainable ecosystems, water resources, food security, and all are severely affected by drought. Due to the increasing frequency and severity of droughts caused by climate change. Effective drought modeling is crucial for early warning systems and risk mitigation. Recent advances in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques have been developed as potential drought modeling tools that offer accurate drought modeling, providing policymakers and decision-makers with insightful information. The geographical scope of this study is the region of South Asia. This region is selected because of its heavy reliance on agriculture and vulnerability to droughts. The review offers a thorough grasp of how drought conditions are evaluated by gathering and analyzing the most important drought indicators and metrics specific to South Asia. The paper explores the current state- of-the-art in ML and DL (Complex Machine learning and deep learning models) for drought modeling, highlighting current challenges such as incomplete and inconsistent datasets, Lack of explainability and interpretability in complex ML/DL models, unavailability of benchmarks. Based on these challenges, this review suggests the following techniques to address these challenges: Data integration (Data fusion), distributed machine learning (Federated Learning) and explainable AI (XAI, SHAP, LIME, etc.). © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Federated learning

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Employing cross-domain modelings for robust object detection in dynamic environment of autonomous vehicles

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-47页

作者： Rawlley, Oshin Gupta, Shashank Kathera, Hardik Katyal, Siddharth Batwara, Yashvardhan Department of Computer Science & amp Information Systems Birla Institute of Technology and Science Rajasthan Pilani India

Object detection (OD) in Advanced Driver Assistant Systems (ADAS) has been a fundamental problem especially when complex unseen cross-domain adaptations occur in real driving scenarios of autonomous Vehicles (AVs). During the sensory perception of autonomous Vehicles (AV) in the driving environment, the Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) trained on the existing large datasets fail to detect the vehicular instances in the real-world driving scenes having sophisticated dynamics. Recent advances in Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) have been effective in generating different domain adaptations under various operational conditions of AVs, however, it lacks key-object preservation during the image-to-image translation process. Moreover, high translation discrepancy has been observed with many existing GAN frameworks when encountered with large and complex domain shifts such as night, rain, fog, etc. resulting in an increased number of false positives during vehicle detection. Motivated by the above challenges, we propose COPGAN, a cycle-object preserving cross-domain GAN framework that generates diverse variations of cross-domain mappings by translating the driving conditions of AV to a desired target domain while preserving the key objects. We fine-tune the COPGAN training with an initial step of key-feature selection so that we realize the instance-aware image translation model. It introduces a cycle-consistency loss to produce instance specific translated images in various domains. As compared to the baseline models that needed a pixel-level identification for preserving the object features, COPGAN requires instance-level annotations that are easier to acquire. We test the robustness of the object detectors SSD, Detectron, and YOLOv5 (SDY) against the synthetically-generated COPGAN images, along with AdaIN images, stylized renderings, and augmented images. The robustness of COPGAN is measured in mean performance degradation for the distorted test set (at IoU threshold =

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Evaluation of the Practicability of Internet of Things in Fighting Against COVID-19

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2024年第5期11卷 8064-8077页

作者： Lin, Yan-Ming Chu, Edward T.-H. National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Douliou640 Taiwan

The COVID-19 pandemic has already ravaged the world for two years and infected more than 600 million people, having an irreparable impact on the health, economic, and political dimensions of human society. There have been many papers proposing various Internet of Things (IoT) solutions to stop the spread of COVID-19, such as virus tracking, infection control, medical treatment, and health management. Due to the high popularity of IoT devices, many studies have systematically investigated related technologies, evaluating the development, and application of IoT solutions from different aspects, such as electronic security, personal privacy, disaster prediction, and artificial intelligence (AI). However, the usefulness of IoT in combating COVID-19 has not been thoroughly evaluated. Therefore, this article systematically analyzes high-quality articles published in well-known international journals and conferences from 2019 to 2022 and divides them into the technical development of prevention and treatment according to the application field of the solution, cross-comparing the research results. It provides a comprehensive assessment of the maturity of the current IoT solutions through the Standard technology Readiness Level (TRL). Finally, through the technical efficacy matrix, the application status and development direction of the international IoT technology are analyzed by patent. Our results reveal the maturity and limitations of existing technologies to fight COVID-19. Possible future research directions are also discussed. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： COVID-19

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