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International Journal of Systematic Innovation 2025年第2期9卷 14-25页

作者： Kareem, Shahab Wahhab Awla, Hoshang Qasim Mohammed, Amin Salih Department of Technical Information Systems Engineering Erbil Technical Engineering College Erbil Polytechnic University Erbil Iraq Department of Computer Technical Engineering Al-Qalam University College Kirkuk Iraq Department of Computer Science Faculty of Science Soran University Soran Iraq Department of Software and Informatics Salahaddin University Erbil Iraq

Bayesian networks are powerful analytical models in machine learning, used to represent probabilistic relationships among variables and create learning structures. These networks are made up of parameters that show conditional probabilities and a structure that shows how random variables interact with each other. The structure is shown by a directed acyclic graph. Despite the NP-hard nature of learning Bayesian network structures, there has been significant progress in improving the accuracy of approximation solutions. The main focus is on score-based search strategies, which make use of functions to evaluate network models and identify structures with high scores. This study is significantly focused on structure learning Bayesian networks using the Bayesian Dirichlet equivalent uniform scoring function and metaheuristic search strategies. To this end, this paper presents the sparrow optimization algorithm (SOA), a new metaheuristic algorithm derived from the foraging behavior of sparrows. SOA performs a concurrent optimization in the solution space by simultaneously performing a local and global search that leads to the discovery of near-optimal structures. The results from our experiments on several benchmark datasets show that SOA yields overall better performance than SA and greedy search algorithms. In particular, it is claimed that by applying the proposed approach of SOA, the convergence speed is significantly higher compared with the existing ones;F1 score is 0.35 and 0.05 for the Hamming distance with better results. Given these results, signed operators prove to be very efficient in SOA’s Bayesian network structure learning as a concept, especially for real-world use. © (2024), (Society of Sytematic Innovation). All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Bayesian Network Global and Local Search Search and Score Sparrow Search Optimization Algorithm Structure Learning

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Attention-guided CenterNet deep learning approach for lung cancer detection

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computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年 186卷 109613-109613页

作者： Dawood, Hussain Nawaz, Marriam Ilyas, Muhammad U. Nazir, Tahira Javed, Ali School of Computing Skyline University College Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Software Engineering University of Engineering and Technology-Taxila Punjab 47050 Pakistan School of Computer Science University of Birmingham Dubai United Arab Emirates Department of Software Engineering and Computer Science Riphah International University Gulberg Green Campus Islamabad Pakistan

Lung cancer remains a significant health concern worldwide, prompting ongoing research efforts to enhance early detection and diagnosis. Prior studies have identified key challenges in existing approaches, including limitations in feature extraction, interpretability, and computational efficiency. In response, this study introduces a novel deep learning (DL) framework, termed the Improved CenterNet approach, tailored specifically for lung cancer detection. The primary importance of this work lies in its innovative integration of ResNet-34 with an attention mechanism within the CenterNet architecture, addressing critical limitations identified in previous studies. By augmenting the base network with an attention mechanism, our framework offers improved feature extraction capabilities, enabling the model to learn relevant patterns associated with lung cancer amidst complex backgrounds and varying environmental conditions. This enhancement facilitates more accurate and interpretable predictions while reducing computational complexity and inference times. Through extensive experimental evaluations conducted on standard datasets, our proposed approach demonstrates promising results, highlighting its potential to advance the field of lung cancer detection and diagnosis. Specifically, we have acquired the precision, recall, and F1-Score of 99.89 %, 99.82 %, and 99.85 % on the LUNA-16 dataset, and 98.33 %, 98.02 %, and 98.17 % for the Kaggle data sample, respectively which is showing the efficacy of our approach. One limitation of the work is that it cannot effectively locate the samples with intense light variations. Therefore, future research work is focused on overcoming this challenge. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Lung cancer

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Enhancing Semantic Awareness by Sentimental Constraint with Automatic Outlier Masking for Multimodal Sarcasm Detection

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IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 2025年

作者： Yuan, Shaozu Wei, Yiwei Zhou, Hengyang Xu, Qinfu Chen, Meng He, Xiaodong Meituan Beijing China at Karamay College of Petroleum Engineering Karamay China Qingdao Institute of Software College of Computer Science and Technology China JD AI Research Beijing China

Multimodal sarcasm detection, aiming to uncover sarcastic sentiment behind multimodal data, has gained substantial attention in multimodal communities. Recent advancements in multimodal sarcasm detection (MSD) methods have primarily focused on modality alignment with pre-trained vision-language (V-L) model. However, text-image pairs often exhibit weak or even opposite semantic correlations in MSD tasks. Consequently, directly aligning these modalities can potentially result in feature shift and inter-class confusion, ultimately hindering the model's ability. To alleviate this issue, we propose the Enhancing Semantic Awareness Model (ESAM) for multimodal sarcasm detection. Specifically, we first devise a Modality-decoupled Framework (MDF) to separate the textual and visual features from the fused multimodal representation. This decoupling enables the parallel integration of the Sentimental Congruity Constraint (SCC) within both visual and textual latent spaces, thereby enhancing the semantic awareness of different modalities. Furthermore, given that certain outlier samples with ambiguous sentiments can mislead the training and weaken the performance of SCC, we further incorporate Automatic Outlier Masking. This mechanism automatically detects and masks the outliers, guiding the model to focus on more informative samples during training. Experimental results on two public MSD datasets validate the robustness and superiority of our proposed ESAM model. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Visual languages

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Elastic Spectrum Sensing: An Adaptive Sensing Method for Non-Terrestrial Communication under Highly Dynamic Channels

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IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2025年第5期24卷 3868-3881页

作者： Xu, Tianheng Xu, Yinjun Zhou, Ting Zhang, Haijun Hu, Honglin Leung, Victor C.M. Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Shanghai201210 China Shanghai Frontier lnnovation Research Institute Shanghai201100 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Electronic Electrical and Communication Engineering Beijing100049 China Shanghai University School of Microelectronics Shanghai200444 China University of Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Artificial Intelligence Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Convergence Networks and Ubiquitous Services Beijing100083 China Shenzhen University College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen518060 China The University of British Columbia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering VancouverBCV6T1Z4 Canada

With the rapid development of space technology, the role of satellite communications has become progressively significant. Non-terrestrial communication is deemed a critical scenario in the sixth generation (6G) communication systems, which showcases seamless connectivity, minimal geographic constraints and substantial communication capacity. Simultaneously, satellites and terminals spring up, spatial density increases, which further emphasizes the scarcity of spectrum resources. Consequently, to improve spectrum utilization for non-terrestrial communication is a significant concern. Spectrum sensing, which allows dynamic resource reuse, plays an important role in 6G. However, high mobility in non-terrestrial scenarios poses great challenges, such as fast time-varying channels, Doppler effect, etc., which seriously affect sensing accuracy and can not well support optimal spectrum utilization. Motivated by such circumstances, this paper proposes an elastic sensing method for the downlink non-terrestrial communication scenario. Firstly, we design the system architecture and sensing workflow. To overcome the negative effects raised by high mobility, we propose the elastic sensing criterion and multi-area dividing scheme for the sensing zone. Thresholds affected by the elastic sensing are derived for different areas. Finally, the numerical results show that from -10 dB to -5 dB, the proposed method can improve the total performance by an average of 28.3% while stabilizing the false alarm probability around 0.1 typical level and demonstrating higher constancy compared with traditional technologies from -10 dB to -5 dB. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Satellite communication systems

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DAISY: Dual-Granularity Contrastive Learning for Disease Similarity Prediction

IEEE Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatic...

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IEEE Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics 2025年第2期22卷 757-768页

作者： Zihao Gao Huifang Ma Yike Wang Zhixin Li Liang Chang College of Computer Science and Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Trusted Software Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin China School of Computer Science and Engineering Guangxi Normal University Guilin China School of Computer Science and Information Security Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin China

The quantification of similarities among human diseases is crucial for enhancing our understanding of disease biology, which can aid in improving disease diagnosis, prognosis and treatment, and drug development. Recently, efforts have been devoted to quantifying disease similarity by integrating multi-view data sources from disparate biological data. However, disease data are often sparse due to their rarity or privacy, leading to suboptimal representation of disease when biological entity relationships and labeled disease data are not adequately modeled. To address this challenge, we propose DAISY (Dual-grAnularity contrastIve learning for diSease similaritY prediction), an effective deep learning model for disease representation modeling. DAISY leverages a novel dual-granularity contrastive learning mechanism to enhance the representation of diverse biological entities. Its ability to enable the collaborative supervision of diseases represented by both homogeneous and heterogeneous information is of great significance, leading to a high level of disease representation learning. Besides, this contrastive learning mechanism combines two independent and complementary components: a hierarchical biological entity relationship-aware module to capture disease features on other biological entities, and a disease association capturing module based on signed random walk with precious disease data. Experimental results demonstrate that DAISY achieves outstanding performance on the disease similarity prediction problem.

关键词： Diseases Biological information theory Contrastive learning Biological system modeling Biology Semantics Ontologies Bioinformatics Data models Biomedical measurement

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Joint Energy and Computation Workload Management for Geo-distributed Data Centers

IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking

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IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking 2025年

作者： Wang, Ran Wu, Rixin Liu, Linfeng Yi, Changyan Zhu, Kun Wang, Ping Niyato, Dusit Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization College of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing China Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing China York University Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Lassonde School of Engineering Canada Nanyang Technological University School of Computer Science and Engineering Singapore

The increasing demands of data computation and storage for cloud-based services motivate the development and deployment of large-scale data centers (DCs). The energy demand of these devices is rising rapidly and becoming a noticeable challenge for current power networks. The smart grid (SG) is deemed as the future power system paradigm enabling more affordable and sustainable energy supply, which can effectively relieve the load pressure from DCs. Moreover, with growing concerns regarding harmful emissions due to combustion of fossil fuels, the exploitation of renewable energy sources (RES) has attracted extensive attention, which can benefit SGs and DCs, as well as society at large. However, the geo-distributed property of DCs and SGs and the uncertain nature of RES production pose severe challenges to the optimal management of computation and energy resources in such a tripartite coupling system. Focusing on these issues, a joint energy and computation workload management framework is proposed for enabling a sustainable DC paradigm with distributed RES. Specifically, a three-layer game is formulated to model the iterations among entities including the energy market, data center operators (DCOs), and SGs. The market includes a certain amount of RES that must be dispatched. The SG offers the DCO an electricity selling price while simultaneously importing RES from the market at a buying price in order to maximize the benefit. The DCO allocates the workload to different DCs, aiming to minimize the costs of energy consumption and carbon emissions. The interactive processes between different entities are further decomposed into two coupling Stackelberg games. We obtain the equilibrium state of the game and prove its uniqueness and optimality. Simulation experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the joint energy and computation workload management scheme and show its superiority over counterparts in utilizing renewable energy and reducing emissions. Furthe

关键词： Smart power grids

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Environment-Tolerant Trust Opportunity Routing based on Reinforcement Learning for Internet of Underwater Things

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IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2025年

作者： He, Yu Han, Guangjie Hou, Yun Lin, Chuan Hohai University College of Information Science and Engineering Changzhou213200 China Hohai University Key Laboratory of Maritime Intelligent Network Information Technology Ministry of Education Changzhou213200 China Hohai University College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Nanjing211100 China Northeastern University Software College Shenyang110819 China

The Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) has garnered significant interest due to its potential applications in monitoring underwater environments. However, the unique characteristics of acoustic communication, such as long propagation delays and high attenuation, present considerable obstacles for achieving efficient and dependable data transmission. Opportunistic routing is a crucial technique for enhancing packet delivery ratios by selecting a set of forwarding nodes and utilizing their cooperative forwarding to boost network throughput. Nevertheless, choosing an excessive number of forwarding nodes can lead to wasteful energy usage and extended communication delays. Moreover, the overlooked trustworthiness of forwarded nodes in most research works can undermine the effectiveness of opportunistic routing. Therefore, this study presents a novel trust opportunistic routing scheme that employs reinforcement learning to achieve resilience in constantly changing underwater settings. The combination of reinforcement learning and trust management enables the proposed opportunistic routing scheme to adapt to the unstable underwater environment and unknown malicious attacks. Initially, a method is introduced for measuring environmental fitness by considering multiple trust factors, including communication success rate, data reliability, and location dynamics. The proposed scheme then uses reinforcement learning to develop a reliable opportunistic routing method based on quantified state information. This component employs the obtained state to formulate action strategies and obtains reward values from environmental inputs. The reward update equation integrates these qualities to optimize the deployment of superior action strategies, finally achieving trust opportunistic routing for underwater data collection. Fundamental experimental results demonstrate that the proposed protocol performs exceptionally well in demanding underwater conditions, outperforming existing method

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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HiLoTs: High-Low Temporal Sensitive Representation Learning for Semi-Supervised LiDAR Segmentation in Autonomous Driving

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Lin, R.D. Weng, Pengcheng Wang, Yinqiao Ding, Han Han, Jinsong Wang, Fei School of Software Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University China School of Computer Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University China College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University China

LiDAR point cloud semantic segmentation plays a crucial role in autonomous driving. In recent years, semi-supervised methods have gained popularity due to their significant reduction in annotation labor and time costs. Current semi-supervised methods typically focus on point cloud spatial distribution or consider short-term temporal representations, e.g., only two adjacent frames, often overlooking the rich long-term temporal properties inherent in autonomous driving scenarios. In driving experience, we observe that nearby objects, such as roads and vehicles, remain stable while driving, whereas distant objects exhibit greater variability in category and shape. This natural phenomenon is also captured by LiDAR, which reflects lower temporal sensitivity for nearby objects and higher sensitivity for distant ones. To leverage these characteristics, we propose HiLoTs, which learns high-temporal sensitivity and low-temporal sensitivity representations from continuous LiDAR frames. These representations are further enhanced and fused using a cross-attention mechanism. Additionally, we employ a teacher-student framework to align the representations learned by the labeled and unlabeled branches, effectively utilizing the large amounts of unlabeled data. Experimental results on the SemanticKITTI and nuScenes datasets demonstrate that our proposed HiLoTs outperforms state-of-the-art semi-supervised methods, and achieves performance close to LiDAR+Camera multimodal approaches. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Optimized Autonomous Computing with Trusted Resilient Data Management for IoT Emerging Networks

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年

作者： Shafique, Ayesha Cheng, Benmao Zhao, Bo Alwakid, Ghadah Naif Haq, Muhammad Inaam Ul Laboratory of Intelligent IOT Technology and Applications in Universities China Jouf University College of Computer and Information Sciences Department of Computer Science Al Jowf Sakaka72341 Saudi Arabia Quanzhou University of Information Engineering School of Computer Science and Software Engineering Quanzhou362000 China

The innovative city network integrates numerous computational and physical components to develop real-time systems. These systems can capture sensor data and distribute it to end stations. Most solutions have been presented based on the centralized computing paradigm, which effectively and systematically increases data flow;however, distributed wireless technologies and heterogeneous network services continue to raise significant research problems. These challenges lower the optimization criteria and reflect communication structure around the network edges. In this research, we proposed a sustainable development for smart networks using efficient big data management with collaborative decisions for network devices. It differs from most existing work in the mentioned aspect. It applies computational lightweight intelligence for forwarding collected data using mobile collectors and reduces the congestion flow between devices on the limited bandwidth of wireless links. Moreover, the energy load is efficiently managed with edge-driven methods, and the incorporation of trusted devices ensures the integrity of the smart network. It also tackles potential communication threats smartly. Based on the experiments conducted in Network Simulator (NS-3), the proposed model enhances the efficacy of smart networks for performance metrics with reliability and effective management of resources in Internet of Things (IoT) network. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Autonomous Computing Emerging Networks Mobile devices Smart network Trusted Data Management

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An Encoder-Decoder Model Based On Spiking Neural Networks For Address Event Representation Object Recognition

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IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems 2025年

作者： Du, Sichun Zhu, Haodi Zhang, Yang Hong, Qinghui Hunan University College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Changsha418002 China Shenzhen University Computer Vision Institute School of Computer Science and Software Engineering National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Shenzhen518060 China

Address event representation (AER) object recognition task has attracted extensive attention in neuromorphic vision processing. The spike-based and event-driven computation inherent in the spiking neural network (SNN) provides an energy-saving solution for AER object recognition. However, SNN with spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP) learning rule has not achieved satisfying AER object recognition performance. This work proposes an SNN-based encoder-decoder model to improve the recognition performance of AER objects. An STDP-based locally connected spiking neural network (LC-SNN) is proposed as an encoder to extract rich spatiotemporal features from AER event flows more flexibly. After the encoder extracts and learns primary features, we propose a fully connected spiking neural network (FC-SNN) based on the reward-modulated spike-timing-dependent plasticity (R-STDP) learning rule as a decoder to learn higher-level features for classification. In addition, we improved the winner-take-all (WTA) mechanisms and R-STDP learning rule in the decoder based on the reward and punish decision, enabling the network to perform better. The experiments are performed on the N-MNIST, MNIST-DVS, and the DVS Gesture datasets, improving the accuracy of the best existing plasticity-based SNN by 0.19%, 0.27% and 1.35%, respectively. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： Decoding

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