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Multimodal Segmentation Neural Network to Determine the Cause of Damage to Grasslands

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Multimodal Segmentation Neural Network to Determine the Caus...

International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and computer Networks (SoftCOM)

作者： Maximilian Johenneken Ahmad Drak Rainer Herpers Alexander Asteroth Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences Sankt Augustin Germany Institute of Visual Computing Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences Sankt Augustin Germany University College London London United Kingdom Faculty of Computer Science University of New Brunswick Fredericton Canada Lassonde School of Engineering York University Toronto Canada

Agricultural fields suffer from damage due to changing climate conditions and wildlife foraging. Damage incurred by wild boar is classified as the main contributing factor to grasslands damage. Such damage results in losses for farmers due to reduced yield potential and repair costs. The extent of wild boar damage is typically estimated manually by using ground based approaches (e.g. GPS measurements), which is a time consuming task with questionable accuracy. Building upon our previous work, we present an autonomous approach to detect and classify the cause of damage to grasslands (wild boar, mole etc.). The approach entails utilizing convolutional neural networks for semantic segmentation of grasslands. An RGB baseline was established, in addition to evaluating multimodal architectures that incorporate different surface model feature representations, leading to a joint representation of spectral and elevation information. Testing and experimentation was performed in real-world grasslands around Bonn, Germany. The results show that incorporating elevation features with late fusion enhances the overall performance of the network over the RGB baselines.

关键词： Wildlife Semantics Neural networks Time measurement Software Telecommunications Sensors

EZmedZA: An mHealth app for elderly patient in supporting medication self-management

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2625卷

作者： Azaliza Zainal Nur Farhanum Abdul Aziz Nahdatul Akma Ahmad Haslinda Sutan Ahmad Nawi Mohammad Ashri Abu Hassan Faculty of Communication Visual Art and Computing Universiti Selangor 45600 Bestari Jaya Selangor Malaysia Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA 35400 Tapah Perak Malaysia Faculty of Social Science and Foundation PICOMS International University College 68100 Batu Caves Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Mobile health (mHealth) has the potential to revolutionize health care delivery in developing countries like Malaysia. Despite the fact that the elderly makes up the majority of medication users, mobile medication management apps are frequently targeted towards younger populations. The reality is that many of elderly users will require support in their later years. However, to date, there are limited studies available, have been conducted that explore which applications, as part of assistive technology, have the most desirable features to be used by the elderly users. Hence, the study was aimed to design and develop the prototype of medication reminder application for elderly people. The project adopted the Rapid Application Development (RAD) methodology in the process of design and development of the mobile application. It implemented a qualitative and interpretive approach that included interviews and observations with 15 elderly participants (aged 61 to 74 years old) and 3 healthcare professionals for information gathering and testing purposes. EZmedZA medication reminder application is a free app for Android phone users, that helps the elderly keep track of and remember their medications in a simple way. It will aid in the management of prescriptions, doses, and pill reminders. We believe that the proposed mobile apps are feasible and provides an innovative solution to encourage medication self-management amongst elderly users. This apps will help in contributing to society by driving healthcare industry growth and productivity. Mobile application developers should find the developed medication reminder application for the elderly is a useful and valuable example of application, and it should help them in developing other mobile apps for elderly in the future.

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Is an Ultra Large Natural Image-Based Foundation Model Superior to a Retina-Specific Model for Detecting Ocular and Systemic Diseases?

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Hou, Qingshan Zhou, Yukun Goh, Jocelyn Hui Lin Zou, Ke Yew, Samantha Min Er Srinivasan, Sahana Wang, Meng Lo, Thaddaeus Lei, Xiaofeng Wagner, Siegfried K. Chia, Mark A. Yang, Dawei Jiang, Hongyang Ran, AnRan Santos, Rui Somfai, Gabor Mark Zhou, Juan Helen Chen, Haoyu Chen, Qingyu Cheung, Carol Yim-Lui Keane, Pearse A. Tham, Yih Chung Department of Ophthalmology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore School of Computer Science and Engineering Northeastern University Shenyang China Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London London United Kingdom NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust London United Kingdom Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London London United Kingdom Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore Institute of Ophthalmology University College London London United Kingdom Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Ophthalmology Stadtspital Zürich Zurich Switzerland Spross Research Institute Zurich Switzerland Department of Ophthalmology Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary Centre for Sleep and Cognition Centre for Translational MR Research Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Joint Shantou International Eye Center Shantou University the Chinese University of Hong Kong Guangdong Shantou China Shantou University Medical College Guangdong Shantou China Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science Yale School of Medicine Yale University New Haven United States Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore

The advent of foundation models (FMs) is transforming medical domain. In ophthalmology, RETFound, a retina-specific FM pre-trained sequentially on 1.4 million natural images and 1.6 million retinal images, has demonstrated high adaptability across clinical applications. Conversely, DINOv2, a general-purpose vision FM pre-trained on 142 million natural images, has shown promise in non-medical domains. However, its applicability to clinical tasks remains underexplored. To address this, we conducted head-to-head evaluations by finetuning RETFound and three DINOv2 models (large, base, small) for ocular disease detection and systemic disease prediction tasks, across eight standardized open-source ocular datasets, as well as the Moorfields AlzEye and the UK Biobank datasets. DINOv2-large model outperformed RETFound in detecting diabetic retinopathy (AUROC=0.850–0.952 vs. 0.823-0.944, across three datasets, all P≤0.007) and multi-class eye diseases (AUROC=0.892 vs. 0.846, P Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ophthalmology

Multiscale mesh deformation component analysis with attention-based autoencoders

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Yang, Jie Gao, Lin Tan, Qingyang Huang, Yihua Xia, Shihong Lai, Yu-Kun Beijing Key Laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Device Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of Maryland College ParkMD United States Visual Computing Group School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff University Wales United Kingdom

Deformation component analysis is a fundamental problem in geometry processing and shape understanding. Existing approaches mainly extract deformation components in local regions at a similar scale while deformations of real-world objects are usually distributed in a multi-scale manner. In this paper, we propose a novel method to exact multiscale deformation components automatically with a stacked attention-based autoencoder. The attention mechanism is designed to learn to softly weight multi-scale deformation components in active deformation regions, and the stacked attention-based autoencoder is learned to represent the deformation components at different scales. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, with the multiscale deformation components extracted by our method, the user can edit shapes in a coarse-to-fine fashion which facilitates effective modeling of new shapes. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Learning systems

Common and Rare Fundus Diseases Identification Using Vision-Language Foundation Model with Knowledge of Over 400 Diseases

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wang, Meng Lin, Tian Lin, Aidi Yu, Kai Peng, Yuanyuan Wang, Lianyu Chen, Cheng Zou, Ke Liang, Huiyu Chen, Man Yao, Xue Zhang, Meiqin Huang, Binwei Zheng, Chaoxin Zhang, Peixin Chen, Wei Luo, Yilong Chen, Yifan Xia, Honghe Shi, Tingkun Zhang, Qi Guo, Jinming Chen, Xiaolin Wang, Jingcheng Chung Tham, Yih Liu, Dianbo Wong, Wendy Thakur, Sahil Fenner, Beau Fang, Danqi Liu, Siying Liu, Qingyun Huang, Yuqiang Zeng, Hongqiang Meng, Yanda Zhou, Yukun Jiang, Zehua Qiu, Minghui Zhang, Changqing Chen, Xinjian Wang, Sophia Y. Lee, Cecilia S. Sobrin, Lucia Cheung, Carol Y. Pang, Chi Pui Keane, Pearse A. Cheng, Ching-Yu Chen, Haoyu Fu, Huazhu Centre for Innovation & Precision Eye Health Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore117549 Singapore Department of Ophthalmology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore117549 Singapore Joint Shantou International Eye Center Shantou University Chinese University of Hong Kong Guangdong Shantou515041 China Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States School of Biomedical Engineering Anhui Medical University Anhui Hefei230032 China College of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Jiangsu Nanjing211100 China Center of Advanced Medical Computing and Analysis Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School BostonMA02114 United States National Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science on Synthetic Vision College of Computer Science Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu610065 China Big Vision Medical Technology Ltd. Suzhou China Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye Centre Singapore Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong Shenzhen Longgang E.N.T Hospital Guangdong Shenzhen518172 China Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital Guangdong Dongguan523326 China Department of Computer Science University of Exeter ExeterEX4 4RN United Kingdom Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London London United Kingdom NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust London United Kingdom Institute of Ophthalmology University College London London United Kingdom Tsinghua Medicine of Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China School of Clinical Medicine Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Beijing102218 China Foshan Aier Eye Hospital Guangdong Foshan528000 China College of Intelligence and Computing Tianjin University Tianjin300350 China School of Electr

Previous foundation models for retinal images were pre-trained with limited disease categories and knowledge base. Here we introduce RetiZero, a vision-language foundation model that leverages knowledge from over 400 fundus diseases. For RetiZero's pre-training, we compiled 341,896 fundus images paired with text descriptions, sourced from public datasets, ophthalmic literature, and online resources, encompassing a diverse range of diseases across multiple ethnicities and countries. RetiZero exhibits superior performance in several downstream tasks, including zero-shot disease recognition, image-to-image retrieval, and internal- and cross-domain disease identification. In zero-shot scenarios, RetiZero achieves Top5 accuracy scores of 0.8430 for 15 fundus diseases and 0.7561 for 52 fundus diseases. For image retrieval, it achieves Top5 scores of 0.9500 and 0.8860 for the same disease sets, respectively. Clinical evaluations show that RetiZero's Top3 zero-shot performance surpasses the average of 19 ophthalmologists from Singapore, China, and the United States. Furthermore, RetiZero significantly enhances clinicians' accuracy in diagnosing fundus disease. These findings underscore the value of integrating the RetiZero foundation model into clinical settings, where a variety of fundus diseases are encountered. © 2024, CC0.

关键词： Ophthalmology

An efficient intelligent system for the classification of electroencephalography (EEG) brain signals using nuclear features for human cognitive tasks

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Qazi, Emad-Ul-Haq Hussain, Muhammad Aboalsamh, Hatim Visual Computing Lab Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information Sciences King Saud Uni-versity Riyadh11543

Representation and classification of Electroencephalography (EEG) brain signals are critical processes for their analysis in cog-nitive tasks. Particularly, extraction of discriminative features from raw EEG signals, without any pre-processing, is a challenging task. Motivated by nuclear norm, we observed that there is a significant difference between the variances of EEG signals captured from the same brain region when a subject performs different tasks. This observation lead us to use singular value decomposition for computing dominant variances of EEG signals captured from a certain brain region while performing a certain task and use them as features (nuclear features). A simple and efficient class means based minimum distance classifier (CMMDC) is enough to predict brain states. This approach results in the feature space of significantly small dimension and gives equally good classification results on clean as well as raw data. We validated the effectiveness and robustness of the technique using four datasets of different tasks: fluid intelligence clean data (FICD), fluid intelli-gence raw data (FIRD), memory recall task (MRT), and eyes open / eyes closed task (EOEC). For each task, we analyzed EEG signals over six (06) different brain regions with 8, 16, 20, 18, 18 and 100 electrodes. The nuclear features from frontal brain region gave the 100% prediction accuracy. The discriminant analysis of the nuclear features has been conducted using intra-class and inter-class variations. Com-parisons with the state-of-the-art techniques showed the superiority of the proposed system. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Singular value decomposition

Eigen valuesfeatures for the classification of brain signals corresponding to 2d and 3d educational contents

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Bamatraf, Saeed Hussain, Muhammad Ema-ul-Haq Qazi, E. Aboalsamh, Hatim Visual Computing Lab Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

In this paper, we have proposed a brain signal classification method, which uses eigenvalues of the covariance matrix as features to classify images (topomaps) created from the brain signals. The signals are recorded during the answering of 2D and 3D questions. The system is used to classify the correct and incorrect answers for both 2D and 3D questions. Using the classification technique, the impacts of 2D and 3D multimedia educational contents on learning, memory retention and recall will be compared. The subjects learn similar 2D and 3D educational contents. Afterwards, subjects are asked 20 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) associated with the contents after thirty minutes (Short-Term Memory) and two months (Long-Term Memory). Eigenvalues features extracted from topomaps images are given to K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers, in order to identify the states of the brain related to incorrect and correct answers. Excellent accuracies obtained by both classifiers and by applying statistical analysis on the results, no significant difference is indicated between 2D and 3D multimedia educational contents on learning, memory retention and recall in both STM and LTM. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Brain

DiffuSETS: 12-Lead ECG generation conditioned on clinical text reports and patient-specific information

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Patterns

Patterns 2025年

作者： Yongfan Lai Jiabo Chen Qinghao Zhao Deyun Zhang Yue Wang Shijia Geng Hongyan Li Shenda Hong State Key Laboratory of General Artificial Intelligence Beijing 100871 China School of Intelligence Science and Technology Peking University Beijing 100871 China National Institute of Health Data Science Peking University Beijing 100191 China PKU-WUHAN Institute for Artificial Intelligence Wuhan 430073 China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Visual Computing and Intelligent Perception College of Computer Science Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China Department of Cardiology Peking University People’s Hospital Beijing 100044 China HeartVoice Medical Technology Hefei 230088 China

The scarcity of high-quality electrocardiogram (ECG) data, driven by privacy concerns and limited medical resources, creates a pressing need for effective ECG signal generation. Existing approaches for generating ECG signals typically rely on small training datasets, lack comprehensive evaluation frameworks, and overlook potential applications beyond data augmentation. To address these challenges, we propose DiffuSETS, a framework capable of generating ECG signals with high semantic alignment and fidelity. DiffuSETS accepts various modalities of clinical text reports and patient-specific information as inputs, enabling the creation of clinically meaningful ECG signals. Additionally, we introduce a comprehensive benchmarking methodology to assess the effectiveness of ECG generative models. Our model achieves excellent results in tests, proving its superiority in the task of ECG generation. Furthermore, we showcase its potential to mitigate data scarcity while exploring applications in cardiology education and medical knowledge discovery.

关键词： cardiology electrocardiogram signal processing ECG generation diffusion model

REFUGE2 CHALLENGE: A TREASURE TROVE FOR MULTI-DIMENSION ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION IN GLAUCOMA SCREENING

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Fang, Huihui Li, Fei Wu, Junde Fu, Huazhu Sun, Xu Son, Jaemin Yu, Shuang Zhang, Menglu Yuan, Chenglang Bian, Cheng Lei, Baiying Zhao, Benjian Xu, Xinxing Li, Shaohua Fumero, Francisco Sigut, José Almubarak, Haidar Bazi, Yakoub Guo, Yuanhao Zhou, Yating Baid, Ujjwal Innani, Shubham Guo, Tianjiao Yang, Jie Orlando, José Ignacio Bogunović, Hrvoje Zhang, Xiulan Xu, Yanwu The REFUGE2 Challenge Australia State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat-Sen University Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Guangzhou China Intelligent Healthcare Unit Baidu Inc. Beijing China The Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore Yatiris Group PLADEMA Institute CONICET UNICEN Tandil Argentina Christian Doppler Lab for Artificial Intelligence in Retina Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria VUNO Inc Seoul Korea Republic of Tencent HealthCare Tencent Shenzhen China Computer Vision Institute College of Computer Science and Software Engineering of Shenzhen University Shenzhen China School of Biomedical Engineering Health Science Center Shenzhen University China Xiaohe Healthcare ByteDance Guangdong Guangzhou510000 China School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen University China College of Computer Science & Software Engineering Shenzhen University China Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering Universidad de La Laguna Spain Saudi Electronic University Saudi Arabia King Saud University Saudi Arabia Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China SGGS Institute of Engineering and Technology India Institute of Medical Robotics Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Shanghai Jiao Tong University China

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical image processing, deep learning in color fundus photography (CFP) analysis is also evolving. Although there are some open-source, labeled datasets of CFPs in the ophthalmology community, large-scale datasets for screening only have labels of disease categories, and datasets with annotations of fundus structures are usually small in size. In addition, labeling standards are not uniform across datasets, and there is no clear information on the acquisition device. Here we release a multi-annotation, multi-quality, and multi-device color fundus image dataset for glaucoma analysis on an original challenge-Retinal Fundus Glaucoma Challenge 2nd Edition (REFUGE2). The REFUGE2 dataset contains 2000 color fundus images with annotations of glaucoma classification, optic disc/cup segmentation, as well as fovea localization. Meanwhile, the REFUGE2 challenge sets three sub-tasks of automatic glaucoma diagnosis and fundus structure analysis and provides an online evaluation framework. Based on the characteristics of multi-device and multi-quality data, some methods with strong generalizations are provided in the challenge to make the predictions more robust. This shows that REFUGE2 brings attention to the characteristics of real-world multi-domain data, bridging the gap between scientific research and clinical application. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Color