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Design of Serially Concatenated Two-Level Polar Coded Modulation System with Low-Complexity

China communications 2025年第1期22卷 102-110页

作者： Zhou Lin Liao Guojun Xu Lei An Ran Xie Xianzhong Wang Xi Xiamen Key Laboratory of Mobile Multimedia Communications College of Information Science and EngineeringHuaqiao UniversityXiamen 361021China College of Computer Science and Technology Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China China Mobile Communications Group Fujian Co. Ltd.FuzhouFujian 350003China

Multilevel coding(MLC)is a commonly used polar coded modulation scheme,but challenging to implement in engineering due to its high complexity and long decoding delay for high-order *** address these limitations,a novel two-level serially concatenated MLC scheme,in which the bitlevels with similar reliability are bundled and transmitted together,is *** proposed scheme hierarchically protects the two bit-level sets:the bitlevel sets at the higher level are sufficiently reliable and do not require excessive resources for protection,whereas only the bit-level sets at the lower level are encoded by polar *** proposed scheme has the advantages of low power consumption,low delay and high ***,an optimized constellation signal labeling rule that can enhance the performance is ***,the superiority of the proposed scheme is validated through the theoretical analysis and simulation *** with the bit interleaving coding modulation(BICM)scheme,under 256-quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM),the proposed scheme attains a performance gain of 1.0 dB while reducing the decoding complexity by 54.55%.

关键词： bit-interleaved coded modulation high-order modulation multilevel coding polar codes

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Runtime Verification of Neural-Symbolic Systems 10th

Runtime Verification of Neural-Symbolic Systems

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10th International Symposium on Dependable Software engineering: Theories, Tools and Applications, SETTA 2024

作者： Deng, Shaojun Liu, Wanwei Zhang, Miaomiao College of Computer Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Changsha China School of Software Engineering Tongji Uniersity Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819606016

Neural-symbolic systems (NSSs), which are typically cyber-physical systems integrated with artificial intelligence modules, have received much attention in both academic and industrial fields. However, thorough verification (such as model checking) of such systems in general leads to prohibitively high costs due to the scale of the state space, and this makes it barely accomplishable within desired time-span. Consequently, light-weight verification techniques are introduced to deal with such cases, e.g., runtime verification (RV, for short). In this paper, we investigate an RV framework for NSSs against signal temporal logic (STL) properties. To guarantee that the on-line monitoring could be accomplished in time, we utilize Euler-prediction to sample the system under scrutiny at discrete time-steps. Our framework supports both qualitative and quantitative on-line monitoring of STL specifications, and thus it terminates whenever a property is satisfied and/or violated by a finite prefix of the trajectory, and it can also provide the bounds of the quantitative satisfaction/violation w.r.t. the remaining execution. Notably, for the so-called piece-wise linear NSSs against affine STL formulas, our approach is exact. On top of it, a prototype tool is implemented, and is experimentally evaluated. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the presented runtime verification approach. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Model checking

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Doughnut-biting photon capturing scheme for drone-based orbital angular momentum quantum key distribution

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Optics Express 2025年第6期33卷 12304-12317页

作者： Li, Jiahao Han, Hui Huang, Jinquan Li, Jiaao Xiong, Siyu Peng, Tao Wang, Xingyu Yu, Huicun Li, Qian Wang, Bolong Wei, Jiahua Xue, Yang Liu, Bo Shi, Lei Information and Navigation College Air Force Engineering University Xi’an710077 China College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China School of Electronics and Communication Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen518107 China College of Science National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China College of Electronic Information Guangxi University for Nationalities Nanning530006 China School of Mathematical Sciences Sichuan Normal University Chengdu610068 China Chinese Academy of Military Science Beijing100097 China

Drone-based quantum key distribution (QKD) offers a flexible, cost-effective, and reconfigurable approach to extending the reach of spatial and temporal quantum communication. The rotation-invariant properties of orbital angular momentum (OAM) effectively mitigate issues related to reference frame alignment from the drone platform. Utilizing OAM encoding to achieve high-dimensional quantum key distribution (HD-QKD) exhibits significant advantages in terms of communication capacity and robustness. However, the state-dependent diffraction of OAM requires a single large-aperture receiving telescope, which restricts the communication distance of drone-based QKD. In this paper, we propose a "doughnut-biting" photon-capturing scheme for drone-based OAM-QKD. Firstly, a mobile model for air-to-air OAM-encoded QKD is established based on a drone platform. Secondly, the performance of the system under center-aligned (CA) and center-misaligned (CM) receiving schemes based on the intensity distribution of OAM are compared. Numerical simulations indicate that the CA scheme offers simpler targeting technology and higher information capacity at short distances, while the CM scheme extends the transmission distance and provides advantages in data rate. In conclusion, an efficient "doughnut-biting" scheme is proposed to increase the transmission distance by at least 50.5% in the receiving aperture range of 5-20 cm. The proposed scheme provides a practical framework for implementing long-distance OAM-encoded QKD in free space, contributing to the development of an integrated space-to-ground quantum communication network. We introduce space-time metamaterials as the natural evolution of time-varying metamaterials, highlighting their enhanced properties and potential advantages. These metamaterials offer virtually limitless diversity, driven by their dynamic levels, velocity regimes, and space-time architectures. Notably, it unlocks extensive possibilities for transition engineering—th

关键词： Cost effectiveness

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Disaster Management Based on Biodiversity Conservation Using Remote Sensing Data Analysis Using Machine Learning Model

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Remote Sensing in Earth Systems sciences 2025年第1期8卷 191-199页

作者： Pokkuluri, Kiran Sree Mounika, Talla Devi, N. Durga Kishore, D. Ratna Balakiruthiga, B. Krishna, B. Murali Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shri Vishnu Engineering College for Women Telangana Bhimavaram India Department of CSE-DS Mallareddy College of Engineering Hyderabad India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Aditya University Andhra Pradesh Surampalem India Dept of Information Technology Lakireddy Balireddy College of Engineering Mylavram Vijayawada India Department of Networking and Communications College of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering MLR Institute of Technology Hyderabad India

Artificial intelligence (AI) applications in forestry as well as wildlife domains have become more feasible due to the advancements in data science and digital and satellite technologies. However, there is a serious global threat to biodiversity due to the rapid expansion of urban, agricultural, and development initiatives. Therefore, the effective monitoring, management, and preservation of biodiversity as well as forest resources may be facilitated by integration of cutting-edge methods like AI in disciplines of forests as well as biodiversity. This study suggests a novel approach to disaster management based on biodiversity protection that makes use of machine learning models and remote sensing image analysis. In this case, the data for disaster management has been gathered and processed for normalisation and smoothing. The processed image features have been segmented using active contour Gaussian Q- histogram equalisation model and feature extracted using probabilistic Bayesian fuzzy transfer NN. Experimental analysis is carried out based on parameters like random accuracy, average precision, sensitivity, AUC, and normalized co-efficient. The proposed technique attained average precision was 95%, sensitivity was 97%, random accuracy was 98%, and normalized coefficient was 94%, AUC of 96%. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Biodiversity conservation Disaster management Machine learning model Q- histogram equalisation Remote sensing

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A Novelty Framework in Image-Captioning with Visual Attention-Based Refined Visual Features

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第3期82卷 3943-3964页

作者： Alaa Thobhani Beiji Zou Xiaoyan Kui Amr Abdussalam Muhammad Asim Mohammed ELAffendi Sajid Shah School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha410083China Electronic Engineering and Information ScienceDepartment University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China EIAS Data Science Lab College of Computer and Information SciencesPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia

Image captioning,the task of generating descriptive sentences for images,has advanced significantly with the integration of semantic ***,traditional models still rely on static visual features that do not evolve with the changing linguistic context,which can hinder the ability to form meaningful connections between the image and the generated *** limitation often leads to captions that are less accurate or *** this paper,we propose a novel approach to enhance image captioning by introducing dynamic interactions where visual features continuously adapt to the evolving linguistic *** model strengthens the alignment between visual and linguistic elements,resulting in more coherent and contextually appropriate ***,we introduce two innovative modules:the Visual Weighting Module(VWM)and the Enhanced Features Attention Module(EFAM).The VWM adjusts visual features using partial attention,enabling dynamic reweighting of the visual inputs,while the EFAM further refines these features to improve their relevance to the generated *** continuously adjusting visual features in response to the linguistic context,our model bridges the gap between static visual features and dynamic language *** demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through experiments on the MS-COCO dataset,where our method outperforms state-of-the-art techniques in terms of caption quality and contextual *** results show that dynamic visual-linguistic alignment significantly enhances image captioning performance.

关键词： Image-captioning visual attention deep learning visual features

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Publication performance and trends in virtual reality research in education fields: a bibliometric analysis

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第10期84卷 6999-7026页

作者： Elaish, Monther M. Yadegaridehkordi, Elaheh Ho, Yuh-Shan Computer Science Department Information Technology Faculty University of Benghazi Benghazi Libya College of Information and Communications Technology School of Engineering and Technology CQUniversity Sydney Australia Trend Research Centre Asia University No. 500 Lioufeng Road Taichung41354 Taiwan

Virtual Reality (VR) technology has the potential to enhance education by providing immersive and engaging learning experiences that can improve teaching and learning outcomes. While there is a growing interest in utilizing VR in education settings, further research is needed to understand its pedagogical effectiveness and address associated considerations and challenges. This bibliometric study comprehensively analyzes 1,157 relevant articles from the Social science Citation Index (SSCI) and the science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EPANDED) to gain insights into the current state of VR integration in education. The analysis revealed variation in VR adoption and research output across countries and institutions, underscoring the importance of collaboration and knowledge-sharing in the field. Key research areas and trends, such as the use of VR for skill development and training, were identified. Additionally, the study highlighted the need for more research on the pedagogical effectiveness of VR. The findings carry practical implications for guiding future research shaping policy decisions and advocating for a concerted effort to harness VR’s capabilities in education. This study serves as a practical roadmap, promoting the implementation and improvement of VR technology and fostering equitable and inclusive educational practices. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Unveiling the Superiority of Unsupervised Learning on GPU Cryptojacking Detection: Practice on Magnetic Side Channel-Based Mechanism

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IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 2025年 20卷 4874-4889页

作者： Cao, Hangcheng Xu, Guowen He, Ziyang Shi, Shaoqing Xu, Shengmin Wu, Cong Ning, Jianting Hunan University College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Changsha410012 China City University of Hong Kong Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Hong Kong University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Engineering Chengdu610054 China Zhengzhou University School of Cyber Science and Engineering Zhengzhou450001 China Zhengzhou University International College Zhengzhou450001 China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Security and Cryptology College of Computer and Cyber Security Fuzhou350007 China Nanyang Technological University College of Computing and Data Science Jurong West 639798 Singapore Wuhan University School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan430072 China City University of Macau Faculty of Data Science Macau China

Ample profits of GPU cryptojacking attract hackers to recklessly invade victims’ devices, for completing specific cryptocurrency mining tasks. Such malicious invasion undoubtedly obstructs normal device usage and wastes computation resources. To resist the threat of GPU cryptojacking, existing works aim to timely detect and clear away it, by distinguishing the dissimilitude between it and legitimate applications. However, these detection mechanisms inappropriately rely on two conflict cornerstones, manifested in leveraging mutable samples of illegitimate cryptojacking to design supervision-based detection models requiring samples with stable patterns. This limitation compromises the practicability of existing detection mechanisms in the face of mutable cryptojacking samples. To fill the gap, we explore the superiority of unsupervised learning in handling this issue and further propose an unsupervised manner-enabled detection mechanism named MagInspector, only using legitimate applications’ magnetic signatures from GPU side channels for model construction. MagInspector innovates in training an unsupervised autoencoder network by an adversarial mode that well learns the stable signature patterns of legitimate applications, while incompatible with mutable cryptojacking ones. In the process of model training, we elaborately extract mutual energy cumulation distribution features to represent legitimate applications to overcome the impact of their inter-type differences. Meanwhile, a locality sensitive hashing-driven outlier removal algorithm is designed to enhance MagInspector’s robustness to the noise samples. Finally, extensive experiments are conducted on GPUs covering four generations of common NVIDIA architectures and two generations of AMD architectures;the results show that applying MagInspector to mutable cryptojacking signature detection achieves a significant average accuracy improvement of 25.5% and 17.8%, respectively. © 2005-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Unsupervised learning

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Passive on-chip isolators based on the thin-film lithium niobate platform

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Chinese Physics B 2025年第3期34卷 408-413页

作者： Jiacheng Liu Gongyu Xia Qilin Hong Pingyu Zhu Kai-Kai Zhang Keyu Xia Ping Xu Shiqiao Qin Zhihong Zhu College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies&Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Institute for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Computing College of Computer Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China College of Engineering and Applied Sciences National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructuresand Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

Optical isolators,the photonic analogs of electronic diodes,are essential for ensuring the unidirectional flow of light in optical systems,thereby mitigating the destabilizing effects of back ***-film lithium niobate(TFLN),hailed as“the silicon of photonics,”has emerged as a pivotal material in the realm of chip-scale nonlinear optics,propelling the demand for compact optical *** report a breakthrough in the development of a fully passive,integrated optical isolator on the TFLN platform,leveraging the Kerr effect to achieve an impressive 10.3 dB of isolation with a minimal insertion loss of 1.87 *** theoretical simulations have demonstrated that our design,when applied to a microring resonator with a Q factor of 5×10^(6),can achieve 20 dB of isolation with an input power of merely 8 *** advancement underscores the immense potential of lithium niobate-based Kerr-effect isolators in propelling the integration and application of high-performance on-chip lasers,heralding a new era in integrated photonics.

关键词： thin-film lithium niobate Kerr effect optical isolator

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IoT-Aware Real-Time Healthcare Diagnostic Framework For Diabetes Using Wearable Sensors through Deep Reinforcement Learning

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 18183-18194页

作者： Farman, Haleem Shahzad, Yasir Jan, Bilal Nasralla, Moustafa M. Sallam, Karam M. Munasinghe, Kumudu Jamalipour, Abbas Prince Sultan University Smart Systems Engineering Lab Department of Communications and Networks Engineering College of Engineering Riyadh Saudi Arabia University of Peshawar Department of Computer Science Pakistan FATA University Department of Computer Science Kohat Pakistan University of Sharjah Computer Science Department Sharjah United Arab Emirates University of Canberra School of Information Technology and Systems ACT2617 Australia The University of Sydney School of Electrical and Information Engineering NSW2006 Australia

Machine Learning (ML) with 5G technology has revolutionized smart healthcare. It has helped improve the quality of care, such as real-time analysis, decision-making, patient monitoring, and personalized treatments. In this paper, a 5G aware real-time diabetes prediction framework is proposed using optimized Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) with Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). Bi-LSTM can analyze time-series data in forward and backward passes on patient health metrics, such as Blood Glucose (BG) levels of a diabetic patient, to identify patterns and trends and make predictions about future health outcomes. A local dataset using a wearable sensor is collected of 10 Type-2 diabetic patients, encompassing daily BG levels at different times, alongside additional parameters such as blood pressure and body weight. The proposed framework leverages a dataset of 1,830 data points to forecast glucose levels for the following day. It also harnesses DRL to improve and optimize the model's future predictive performance. The obtained results are evaluated with other ML algorithms to validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, which shows an improvement from 93.1% to 98.6% accuracy. The patient's diabetic condition is categorized using the Surveillance Error Grid (SEG) to increase the clinical impact of glucose prediction and make informed decisions. The results show that Bi-LSTM-DRL is an effective approach to predicting glucose levels in real-time and can adapt to health-related changes and optimize its predictions accordingly. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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Dynamic Fairness-Aware Spectrum Auction for Enhanced Licensed Shared Access in UAV-Based Networks

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IEEE Transactions on communications 2025年第5期73卷 3076-3092页

作者： Khadem, Mina Ansarifard, Maryam Mokari, Nader Javan, Mohammad Reza Saeedi, Hamid Jorswieck, Eduard A. Tarbiat Modares University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Tehran*** Iran Tarbiat Modares University Tehran*** Iran School of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven5612 AZ Netherlands Shahrood University of Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering Shahrud*** Iran University of Doha for Science and Technology College of Engineering and Technology Doha Qatar Institute for Communications Technology Technische UniversitÃt Braunschweig Braunschweig38106 Germany

This article introduces a new approach to address the spectrum scarcity challenge in 6G networks by implementing the enhanced licensed shared access (ELSA) framework. Our proposed auction mechanism aims to ensure fairness in spectrum allocation to mobile network operators (MNOs) through a novel weighted auction called the fair Vickery-Clarke-Groves (FVCG) mechanism. Through comparison with traditional methods, the study demonstrates that the proposed auction method improves fairness significantly. The enhancement of the efficiency of the LSA system is suggested through the utilization of spectrum sensing and the integration of UAV-based networks. This research employs two methods to solve the problem. Firstly, a novel greedy algorithm, named Market Share-Based Weighted Greedy Algorithm (MSWGA), is proposed to achieve better fairness compared to traditional auction methods. Secondly, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms are exploited to optimize the auction policy and demonstrate its superiority over other methods. Simulation results show that the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) method performs superior to soft actor critic (SAC), MSWGA, and greedy methods. Moreover, a significant improvement is observed in fairness index compared to the traditional greedy auction methods. This improvement is as high as about 27% and 35% when deploying the MSWGA and DDPG methods, respectively. © 1972-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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