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Robust Transmission Design for Federated Learning Through Over-the-Air Computation

China Communications 2025年第3期22卷 65-75页

作者： Hamideh Zamanpour Abyaneh Saba Asaad Amir Masoud Rabiei School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science York UniversityCanada

Over-the-air computation(AirComp)enables federated learning(FL)to rapidly aggregate local models at the central server using waveform superposition property of wireless *** this paper,a robust transmission scheme for an AirCompbased FL system with imperfect channel state information(CSI)is *** model CSI uncertainty,an expectation-based error model is *** main objective is to maximize the number of selected devices that meet mean-squared error(MSE)requirements for model broadcast and model *** problem is formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem and is solved in two ***,the priority order of devices is determined by a sparsity-inducing ***,a feasibility detection scheme is used to select the maximum number of devices to guarantee that the MSE requirements are *** alternating optimization(AO)scheme is used to transform the resulting nonconvex problem into two convex *** results illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed scheme.

关键词： federated learning imperfect CSI optimization over-the-air computing robust design

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Addressing Imbalance in Health Datasets: A New Method NR-Clustering SMOTE and Distance Metric Modification

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 2931-2949页

作者： Hairani Hairani Triyanna Widiyaningtyas Didik Dwi Prasetya Afrig Aminuddin Department of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Faculty of EngineeringUniversitas Negeri MalangMalang65145Indonesia Department of Computer Science Universitas BumigoraMataram83127Indonesia Department of Computer Graphic and Multimedia Faculty of ComputingCollege of Computing and Applied SciencesUniversiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan AbdullahPekan26600Malaysia

An imbalanced dataset often challenges machine learning, particularly classification methods. Underrepresented minority classes can result in biased and inaccurate models. The Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SMOTE) was developed to address the problem of imbalanced data. Over time, several weaknesses of the SMOTE method have been identified in generating synthetic minority class data, such as overlapping, noise, and small disjuncts. However, these studies generally focus on only one of SMOTE’s weaknesses: noise or overlapping. Therefore, this study addresses both issues simultaneously by tackling noise and overlapping in SMOTE-generated data. This study proposes a combined approach of filtering, clustering, and distance modification to reduce noise and overlapping produced by SMOTE. Filtering removes minority class data (noise) located in majority class regions, with the k-nn method applied for filtering. The use of Noise Reduction (NR), which removes data that is considered noise before applying SMOTE, has a positive impact in overcoming data imbalance. Clustering establishes decision boundaries by partitioning data into clusters, allowing SMOTE with modified distance metrics to generate minority class data within each cluster. This SMOTE clustering and distance modification approach aims to minimize overlap in synthetic minority data that could introduce noise. The proposed method is called “NR-Clustering SMOTE,” which has several stages in balancing data: (1) filtering by removing minority classes close to majority classes (data noise) using the k-nn method;(2) clustering data using K-means aims to establish decision boundaries by partitioning data into several clusters;(3) applying SMOTE oversampling with Manhattan distance within each cluster. Test results indicate that the proposed NR-Clustering SMOTE method achieves the best performance across all evaluation metrics for classification methods such as Random Forest, SVM, and Naїve Bayes, compared t

关键词： SMOTE modification Clustering-SMOTE manhattan distance

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From light sensing to adaptive learning:hafnium diselenide reconfigurable memcapacitive devices in neuromorphic computing

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Light(Science & Applications) 2025年第1期14卷 215-226页

作者： Bashayr Alqahtani Hanrui Li Abdul Momin Syed Nazek El-Atab Electrical and Computer Engineering Program Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)ThuwalSaudi Arabia Electrical Engineering Department College of EngineeringPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University(PNU)RiyadhSaudi Arabia

Advancements in neuromorphic computing have given an impetus to the development of systems with adaptive behavior,dynamic responses,and energy efficiency *** charge-based or emerging memory technologies such as memristors have been developed to emulate synaptic plasticity,replicating the key functionality of neurons—integrating diverse presynaptic inputs to fire electrical impulses—has remained *** this study,we developed reconfigurable metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors(MOSCaps)based on hafnium diselenide(HfSe2).The proposed devices exhibit(1)optoelectronic synaptic features and perform separate stimulus-associated learning,indicating considerable adaptive neuron emulation,(2)dual light-enabled charge-trapping and memcapacitive behavior within the same MOSCap device,whose threshold voltage and capacitance vary based on the light intensity across the visible spectrum,(3)memcapacitor volatility tuning based on the biasing conditions,enabling the transition from volatile light sensing to non-volatile optical data *** reconfigurability and multifunctionality of MOSCap were used to integrate the device into a leaky integrate-and-fire neuron model within a spiking neural network to dynamically adjust firing patterns based on light stimuli and detect exoplanets through variations in light intensity.

关键词： integrate volatile integrating

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Intelligent integrated sensing and communication:a survey

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第3期68卷 5-46页

作者： Jifa ZHANG Weidang LU Chengwen XING Nan ZHAO Naofal AL-DHAHIR George K.KARAGIANNIDIS Xiaoniu YANG School of Information and Communication Engineering Dalian University of Technology College of Information Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Dallas Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a promising technique to increase spectral efficiency and support various emerging applications by sharing the spectrum and hardware between these functionalities. However, the traditional ISAC schemes are highly dependent on the accurate mathematical model and suffer from the challenges of high complexity and poor performance in practical scenarios. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a viable technique to address these issues due to its powerful learning capabilities, satisfactory generalization capability, fast inference speed, and high adaptability for dynamic environments, facilitating a system design shift from model-driven to data-driven. Intelligent ISAC, which integrates AI into ISAC, has been a hot topic that has attracted many researchers to investigate. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of intelligent ISAC, including its motivation, typical applications, recent trends, and challenges. In particular, we first introduce the basic principle of ISAC, followed by its key techniques. Then, an overview of AI and a comparison between model-based and AI-based methods for ISAC are provided. Furthermore, the typical applications of AI in ISAC and the recent trends for AI-enabled ISAC are reviewed. Finally, the future research issues and challenges of intelligent ISAC are discussed.

关键词： artificial intelligence deep learning deep reinforcement learning federated learning generative artificial intelligence integrated sensing and communication machine learning transfer learning

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mmWave Radar-Based Non-Invasive Vehicle Occupancy Detection with Insights from Vision, RF, and Physical Sensors: A Review

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第11期25卷 18643-18661页

作者： Yousaf, Jawad Palmer, Alyssa Shams, Maitha Wasma, Zayna Qasymeh, Montasir Hassan, Taimur Arora, Deepak Ghazal, Mohammed Abu Dhabi University Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Department Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Liwa College Faculty of Engineering and Computing Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

The potential uses of human occupancy detection (HOD) in vehicles are crucial for handling resources, passenger safety, and privacy-preserving technology. In this study, the usage of various sensor systems for non-invasive vehicle occupant detection is examined, including mmWave radar, vision-based, and physical sensors. These technologies undergo a thorough review analysis that looks at methods, performance indicators, and use cases before being assessed for robustness, accuracy, real-time capabilities, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. The impact of clutter, scalability, and privacy in car interiors on HOD is also thoroughly discussed. Based on its ability to balance cost, accuracy, and adaptability, frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar is termed the best option for vehicle occupant identification. The study discussed the possible challenges and future direction, as well as the conclusion provides research opportunities in hybrid sensing systems and advanced machine learning integration to overcome existing constraints. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Frequency shift keying

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MRI Brain Tumor Classification Using Optimized APSO-LLRBFNN 2

MRI Brain Tumor Classification Using Optimized APSO-LLRBFNN

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2nd International Conference on Machine Learning and Autonomous Systems, ICMLAS 2025

作者： Krishna, Tiruveedula Gopi Sreenivas, Nune Ajay Kumar, M. Reddy, Chandra Sekhar Rathee, Davinder Sing Urgessa, Teklu College of Electrical Engineering and Computing Adama Science and Technology University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Adama Ethiopia Andhra Loyala institute of Engineering and Technology Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Vijayawada India College of Electrical Engineering and Computing Adama Science and Technology University Department of Electrical Power and Control Engineering Adama Ethiopia College of Electrical Engineering and Computing Adama Science and Technology University Department of ECE Adama Ethiopia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505745

The research presents a new efficient machine learning method to classify brain tumors because this task remains vital in fighting the high incidence of brain cancers. The proposed approach unites all its operations including image segmentation with feature extraction and classification into a single processing system. This study uses Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Adaptive PSO (APSO) methodologies to optimize Locally Linear Radial Basis Function Neural Network (LLRBFNN) resulting in PSO-LLRBFNN and APSO-LLRBFNN model implementations. The research examined the optimized APSO-LLRBFNN models against Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Least Mean Squares (LMS) based LLRBFNN classifier methods. Results from experiments show that APSO-LLRBFNN gives superior outcomes with 98.93% accuracy and takes 12.23 seconds for execution, which surpasses currently available methods. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Particle swarm optimization (PSO)

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Optimizing Image Retrieval in Cloud Servers with TN-AGW: A Secure and Efficient Approach

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Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B 2025年第2期106卷 459-473页

作者： Ponnuviji, N.P. Nirmala, G. Kokila, M. L. Sworna Priyadharshini, S. Indra Department of Computer Science and Engineering RMK College of Engineering and Technology Puduvoyal Thiruvallur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering RMD Engineering College Chennai India Department of Computing Technologies School of Computing Faculty of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Tamil Nādu Kattankulathur Chennai India School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai India

The increasing use of cloud-based image storage and retrieval systems has made ensuring security and efficiency crucial. The security enhancement of image retrieval and image archival in cloud computing has received considerable attention in transmitting data and ensuring data confidentiality among cloud servers and users. Various traditional image retrieval techniques regarding security have developed in recent years but they do not apply to large-scale environments. This paper introduces a new approach called Triple network-based adaptive grey wolf (TN-AGW) to address these challenges. The TN-AGW framework combines the adaptability of the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm with the resilience of Triple Network (TN) to enhance image retrieval in cloud servers while maintaining robust security measures. By using adaptive mechanisms, TN-AGW dynamically adjusts its parameters to improve the efficiency of image retrieval processes, reducing latency and utilization of resources. However, the image retrieval process is efficiently performed by a triple network and the parameters employed in the network are optimized by Adaptive Grey Wolf (AGW) optimization. Imputation of missing values, Min–Max normalization, and Z-score standardization processes are used to preprocess the images. The image extraction process is undertaken by a modified convolutional neural network (MCNN) approach. Moreover, input images are taken from datasets such as the Landsat 8 dataset and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) dataset is employed for image retrieval. Further, the performance such as accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, F1-score, and false alarm rate (FAR) is evaluated, the value of accuracy reaches 98.1%, the precision of 97.2%, recall of 96.1%, and specificity of 917.2% respectively. Also, the convergence speed is enhanced in this TN-AGW approach. Therefore, the proposed TN-AGW approach achieves greater efficiency in image retrieving than other existing

关键词： Extraction

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Impact of Different Integration Times on Distributions of Rain Rates for Predictions of Rain Attenuation

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Progress in Electromagnetics Research C 2025年 154卷 229-238页

作者： Hassan, Mohammad Rofiqul Rafiqul, Islam Md. Habaebi, Mohamed Hadi Suriza, Ahmad Zabidi Badron, Khairayu Budalal, Asma Ali Mahfuz, Md. Mahmudul Hasan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering International Islamic University Malaysia Jalan Gombak Kuala Lumpur53100 Malaysia College of Electrical and Electronics Technology Benghazi Libya Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University Canada

All wireless communication systems are moving towards higher and higher frequencies day by day which are severely attenuated by rains in outdoor environment. To design a reliable RF system, an accurate prediction method of rain attenuation is established and used globally based on local rain intensity measurement. Required rain intensity used for attenuation prediction is generally measured at a point with 1-min integration time or converted from higher integration time to 1-min. Recent measurements of rain intensity with a 10-second integration time indicate that intensity is not uniform over a 1-minute duration. Consequently, the statistics of rain intensity distribution and attenuation predictions are influenced by measurements with integration times shorter than 1 minute. It has been established that an integration time of 0.01% provides the optimal fit for actual rain rate data. This paper presents the rain intensity distributions from data measured with 2-min, 1-min, 30-sec, 20-sec, and 10-sec integration times, and it has impact on rain rate distributions as well as rain attenuation predictions. © 2025, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.

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Toward AI-Augmented Formal Verification: A Preliminary Investigation of ENGRU and Its Challenges

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 84357-84379页

作者： Dechsupa, Chanon Panboonyuen, Teerapong Vatanawood, Wiwat Padungweang, Praisan So-In, Chakchai Khon Kaen University College of Computing Department of Computer Science Khon Kaen400002 Thailand Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Engineering Department of Computer Engineering Bangkok10300 Thailand

State-space graphs and automata serve as fundamental tools for modeling and analyzing the behavior of computational systems. Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and language models are deeply intertwined, as RNNS provide the foundational architecture that enables language models to process sequential data, capture contextual dependencies, and improve natural language processing tasks. Both RNNs and state-space graphs help evaluate discrete-time systems within this formal framework. However, the basic question of their equivalence remains an open challenge regarding the models governing sentence structure in natural language and the formal model in automata theory. In this paper, we present ENGRU (Enhanced Gated Recurrent Units), a novel deep learning-based approach for formal verification. ENGRU integrates concepts of model checking techniques, Colored Petri Nets (CPNs), and sequential learning to analyze systems at a high level of abstraction. CPN models undergo state-space enumeration via a model-checking tool, generating a state-space graph and an automaton from inherent state transition patterns. These graphs are transformed into sequential representations as sub-paths, enabling ENGRU to learn the execution paths and predict system behaviors. ENGRU effectively predicts goal states within discrete-time models by the competency of gated recurrent mechanisms, encouraging early bug detection and allowing predictive state-space exploration. Experimental results demonstrate that ENGRU’s ability achieves high accuracy and efficiency in goal state predictions. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Model checking

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Efficient Bit-Plane Based Medical Image Cryptosystem Using Novel and Robust Sine-Cosine Chaotic Map

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第4期83卷 917-933页

作者： Zeric Tabekoueng Njitacke Louai A.Maghrabi Musheer Ahmad Turki Althaqafi Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering College of Technology(COT)University of BueaBueaP.O.Box 63Cameroon Department of Software Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of Business and TechnologyJeddah22246Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering Jamia Millia IslamiaNew Delhi110025India Department of Computer Science School of EngineeringComputing and DesignDar Al-Hekma UniversityJeddah22246Saudi Arabia

This paper presents a high-security medical image encryption method that leverages a novel and robust sine-cosine *** map demonstrates remarkable chaotic dynamics over a wide range of *** employ nonlinear analytical tools to thoroughly investigate the dynamics of the chaotic map,which allows us to select optimal parameter configurations for the encryption *** findings indicate that the proposed sine-cosine map is capable of generating a rich variety of chaotic attractors,an essential characteristic for effective *** encryption technique is based on bit-plane decomposition,wherein a plain image is divided into distinct bit *** planes are organized into two matrices:one containing the most significant bit planes and the other housing the least significant *** subsequent phases of chaotic confusion and diffusion utilize these matrices to enhance *** auxiliary matrix is then generated,comprising the combined bit planes that yield the final encrypted *** results demonstrate that our proposed technique achieves a commendable level of security for safeguarding sensitive patient information in medical *** a result,image quality is evaluated using the Structural Similarity Index(SSIM),yielding values close to zero for encrypted images and approaching one for decrypted ***,the entropy values of the encrypted images are near 8,with a Number of Pixel Change Rate(NPCR)and Unified Average Change Intensity(UACI)exceeding 99.50%and 33%,***,quantitative assessments of occlusion attacks,along with comparisons to leading algorithms,validate the integrity and efficacy of our medical image encryption approach.

关键词： Image cryptosystem robust chaos sine-cosine map nonlinear analysis tools medical images

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