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An AI-Enabled Framework for Transparency and Interpretability in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction

computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第3期82卷 5057-5078页

作者： Isha Kiran Shahzad Ali Sajawal ur Rehman Khan Musaed Alhussein Sheraz Aslam Khursheed Aurangzeb Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore39161Pakistan Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie Alma Mater Studiorum—Universita di BolognaBologna40126Italy Department of Information Sciences University of EducationLahore54770Pakistan Department of Computer Science National Textile UniversityKarachi CampusKarachi74900Pakistan Department of Computer Science National Textile UniversityFaisalabad37610Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering Computer Engineeringand InformaticsCyprus University of TechnologyLimassol3036Cyprus Department of Computer Science CTL EurocollegeLimassol3077Cyprus

Cardiovascular disease(CVD)remains a leading global health challenge due to its high mortality rate and the complexity of early diagnosis,driven by risk factors such as hypertension,high cholesterol,and irregular pulse *** diagnostic methods often struggle with the nuanced interplay of these risk factors,making early detection *** this research,we propose a novel artificial intelligence-enabled(AI-enabled)framework for CVD risk prediction that integrates machine learning(ML)with eXplainable AI(XAI)to provide both high-accuracy predictions and transparent,interpretable *** to existing studies that typically focus on either optimizing ML performance or using XAI separately for local or global explanations,our approach uniquely combines both local and global interpretability using Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations(LIME)and SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP).This dual integration enhances the interpretability of the model and facilitates clinicians to comprehensively understand not just what the model predicts but also why those predictions are made by identifying the contribution of different risk factors,which is crucial for transparent and informed decision-making in *** framework uses ML techniques such as K-nearest neighbors(KNN),gradient boosting,random forest,and decision tree,trained on a cardiovascular ***,the integration of LIME and SHAP provides patient-specific insights alongside global trends,ensuring that clinicians receive comprehensive and actionable *** experimental results achieve 98%accuracy with the Random Forest model,with precision,recall,and F1-scores of 97%,98%,and 98%,*** innovative combination of SHAP and LIME sets a new benchmark in CVD prediction by integrating advanced ML accuracy with robust interpretability,fills a critical gap in existing *** framework paves the way for more explainable and transparent decision-making in he

关键词： Artificial Intelligence cardiovascular disease(CVD) explainability eXplainable AI(XAI) interpretability LIME machine learning(ML) SHAP

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A novel U-net model for brain tumor segmentation from MRI images

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Alexandria engineering Journal 2025年 126卷 220-230页

作者： Obayya, Marwa Alshuhail, Asma Mahmood, Khalid Alanazi, Meshari H. Alqahtani, Mohammed Aljehane, Nojood O. Almansour, Hamad Al-Hagery, Mohammed Abdullah Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University PO Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer Sciences & Information Technology King Faisal university Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Applied College at Mahayil King Khalid University Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Sciences Northern Border University Arar Saudi Arabia Department of Information System and Cyber Security College of Computing and Information Technology University of Bisha Bisha61922 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computers and Information Technology University of Tabuk Tabuk Saudi Arabia Applied Collage Najran University Najran Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computer Qassim University Saudi Arabia

Segmentation of brain tumors aids in diagnosing the disease early, planning treatment, and monitoring its progression in medical image analysis. Automation is necessary to eliminate the time and variability associated with traditional segmentation methods. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and U-Net architectures have demonstrated their efficiency and effectiveness in segmenting brain tumors from MRI images using deep learning techniques. The paper presents an improved U-Net-based segmentation algorithm that integrates nested skip paths to improve encoder-decoder feature fusion. The performance of segmentation was optimized by utilizing a variety of activation functions and loss functions, including Dice Loss and Intersection over Union (IoU). A high level of accuracy was demonstrated in the proposed model when it was evaluated using the LGG Segmentation Dataset. The proposed approach for segmenting medical images has been shown to be both robust and efficient in a comparative analysis. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Integrating machine learning for treatment decisions in anterior open bite orthodontic cases: A retrospective study

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Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists 2025年第3期14卷 140-147页

作者： Rhee, Matthew Elnagar, Mohammed H. Allareddy, Veerasathpurush Milani, Omid Halimi Cetin, Ahmet Enis Sanchez, Flavio Jose Department of Orthodontics College of Dentistry University of Illinois Chicago Chicago Illinois United States Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering UIC College of Engineering University of Illinois Chicago Chicago Illinois United States

Introduction: This article explores the integration of machine learning (ML) algorithms to aid in treatment planning and extraction decisions for anterior open bite cases, leveraging demographic, clinical, and radiographic data to predict treatment outcomes and informed decision-making. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using patient data from the University of Illinois Chicago department of Orthodontics. Data included demographic, clinical, and radiographic information from 115 anterior open bite patients who successfully completed their treatment. ML algorithms, including random forest, support vector machine, k-nearest neighbor, and convolutional neural networks (CNN), were trained on a subset of the data to predict treatment outcomes. Results: Significant differences were observed in the percentages of males and females between the extraction and nonextraction groups and cephalometric variables between the two groups, which include maxillary depth, maxillary height, SN-palatal plane, facial angle, facial axis-Ricketts, FMA, total facial height, lower facial height, SNA, SNB, and SN-MP e ML algorithms examined consisted of CNN2, CNN1, and Random Forest, which demonstrated the highest accuracy rates (∼83%), while k-Nearest Neighbor had the lowest (∼73%). Key features influencing accuracy included crowding, SN-palatal plane, SNA, FMA, molar relation, and facial height measurements. Conclusions: The study's evaluation of AI algorithms showed that CNN2, CNN1, and random forest had an accuracy of approximately 83% in classifying extraction versus nonextraction cases. Notably, features such as U-crowding, L-crowding, SN-palatal plane, SNA, FMA, molar relation, total facial height, lower facial height, and facial axis-Ricketts were most influential in achieving accuracy rates comparable to traditional methods. © 2024

关键词： Anterior open bite Machine learn algorithms Treatment prediction differential diagnostics

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High-Efficiency Asymmetrically Designed Three-Phase Virtual 48-pulse Power Supply for Electrolytic Hydrogen

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IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 2025年第8期40卷 10335-10342页

作者： Tian, Hanlei Cui, Haoran Han, Wei Sathik M, Jagabar Liang, Guozhuang Chen, Maolin Mekhilef, Saad Sustainable Energy and Environment Thrust The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (GZ) Guangzhou China Electrical Engineering School of Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang China Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Faculty of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur India College of Electrical Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China School of Science Computing and Engineering Technologies Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne VIC Australia

To address the low-voltage, high-current requirements in hydrogen production applications, a virtual 48-pulse three-phase rectifier is proposed, and achieves the equivalent performance of four parallel 12-pulse rectifiers (12-PR). The proposed approach builds upon the conventional 12-PR design and incorporates novel Asymmetric Current Injection Units (ACIU). The ACIU is installed on the DC side of the AC-DC converter, generating a specific current at the DC link to modulate and enhance the operating modes of the 12-PR. Consequently, the 12-pulse is extended to 48, resulting in an almost sinusoidal input current with a Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of 3.2% and an output current with a ripple rate (RR) of 2.3%, thus significantly improving power quality. Furthermore, the asymmetric design of the current injection units eliminates the need for a phase-shifting transformer. The efficacy of the proposed rectifier for electrolytic hydrogen production is validated using a 2.2 kW experimental prototype. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Voltage Hydrogen Rectifiers Production Windings Circuits Inductors Transformers Harmonic analysis Electrochemical processes

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Empirical Study on Data Attributes Insufficiency of Evaluation Benchmarks for LLMs 31

Empirical Study on Data Attributes Insufficiency of Evaluati...

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31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2025

作者： Liu, Chuang Jin, Renren Yao, Zheng Li, Tianyi Cheng, Liang Steedman, Mark Xiong, Deyi College of Intelligence and Computing Tianjin University China School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Queensland Australia School of Informatics University of Edinburgh United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761964

Previous benchmarks for evaluating large language models (LLMs) have primarily emphasized quantitative metrics, such as data volume. However, this focus may neglect key qualitative data attributes that can significantly impact the final rankings of LLMs, resulting in unreliable leaderboards. In this paper, we investigate whether current LLM benchmarks adequately consider these data attributes. We specifically examine three attributes: diversity, redundancy, and difficulty. To explore these attributes, we propose a framework with three separate modules, each designed to assess one of the attributes. Using a method that progressively incorporates these attributes, we analyze their influence on the benchmark. Our experimental results reveal a meaningful correlation between LLM rankings on the revised benchmark and the original benchmark when these attributes are accounted for. These findings indicate that existing benchmarks often fail to meet all three criteria, highlighting a lack of consideration for multifaceted data attributes in current evaluation datasets. © 2025 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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Two-Stage Synthetic Supervising and Multi-view Consistency Self-supervising Based Animal 3D Reconstruction by Single Image 4th

Two-Stage Synthetic Supervising and Multi-view Consistency ...

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4th International Conference on Smart Multimedia, ICSM 2024

作者： Kuang, Zijian Ying, Lihang Jin, Shi Cheng, Li Department of Computing Science University of Alberta Edmonton Canada Zerobox Inc. Edmonton Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9783031824746

Pixel-aligned Implicit Function (PIFu) effectively captures subtle variations in body shape within a low-dimensional space through extensive training with human 3D scans, its application to live animals presents formidable challenges due to the difficulty of obtaining animal cooperation for 3D scanning. To address this challenge, we propose the combination of two-stage supervised and self-supervised training to address the challenge of obtaining animal cooperation for 3D scanning. In the first stage, we leverage synthetic animal models for supervised learning. This allows the model to learn from a diverse set of virtual animal instances. In the second stage, we use 2D multi-view consistency as a self-supervised training method. This further enhances the model’s ability to reconstruct accurate and realistic 3D shape and texture from largely available single-view images of real animals. The results of our study demonstrate that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both quantitative and qualitative aspects of bird 3D digitization. The source code is available at https://***/kuangzijian/drifu-for-animals. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： 3D reconstruction

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Analysis of Encryption Techniques for Secure Data in Cloud Environment 1

Analysis of Encryption Techniques for Secure Data in Cloud E...

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1st International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Computational Networks, ICISCN 2025

作者： Kumar, M. Ravi Jeya, I. Jasmine Selvakumari Athira, S. Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Science And Engineering Coimbatore India Vit Bhopal University School of Computing Science and Engineering Sehore India Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology Department of Information Technology Coimbatore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529246

Over the years, Cloud computing is becoming increasingly popular due to the continually changing technology. The primary goal of the cloud computing network is to offer consumers pay-per-use usage of on-demand processing and storage resources, enabling low-cost, efficient infrastructure utilization for smaller businesses. However, because of the feature of cloud resource sharing, data security and privacy create issues, and prevent smart systems from continuously transferring produced data to the cloud computing resources. Many encryption methods were presented to address data security concerns. This article presents the processes of several data protection and encryption systems currently in use and critically analyzes them based on common factors. The purpose of this survey is to compile data encryption methods now in use, often discussed in the survey of smart systems for data security when applied to the cloud platforms. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Cloud security

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A lightweight deep learning model with knowledge distillation for pulmonary diseases detection in chest X-rays

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第15期84卷 14885-14913页

作者： Asham, Mohammed A. Al-Shargabi, Asma A. Al-Sabri, Raeed Meftah, Ibrahim School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South University Hunan Changsha410083 China Department of Information Technology Collage of Computer Qassim University Buraydah51452 Saudi Arabia College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Central South University Changsha410017 China

Accurate and timely diagnosis of pulmonary diseases is critical in the field of medical imaging. While deep learning models have shown promise in this regard, the current methods for developing such models often require extensive computing resources and complex procedures, rendering them impractical. This study focuses on the development of a lightweight deep-learning model for the detection of pulmonary diseases. Leveraging the benefits of knowledge distillation (KD) and the integration of the ConvMixer block, we propose a novel lightweight student model based on the MobileNet architecture. The methodology begins with training multiple teacher model candidates to identify the most suitable teacher model. Subsequently, KD is employed, utilizing the insights of this robust teacher model to enhance the performance of the student model. The objective is to reduce the student model's parameter size and computational complexity while preserving its diagnostic accuracy. We perform an in-depth analysis of our proposed model's performance compared to various well-established pre-trained student models, including MobileNetV2, ResNet50, InceptionV3, Xception, and NasNetMobile. Through extensive experimentation and evaluation across diverse datasets, including chest X-rays of different pulmonary diseases such as pneumonia, COVID-19, tuberculosis, and pneumothorax, we demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of our proposed model in diagnosing various chest infections. Our model showcases superior performance, achieving an impressive classification accuracy of 97.92%. We emphasize the significant reduction in model complexity, with 0.63 million parameters, allowing for efficient inference and rapid prediction times, rendering it ideal for resource-constrained environments. Outperforming various pre-trained student models in terms of overall performance and computation cost, our findings underscore the effectiveness of the proposed KD strategy and the integration of the Conv

关键词： Diagnosis

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Equivalence Checking for Flow-Based computing using Iterative SAT Solving 24

Equivalence Checking for Flow-Based Computing using Iterativ...

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43rd International Conference on computer-Aided Design, ICCAD 2024

作者： Thijssen, Sven Rashed, Muhammad Rashedul Haq Ahmed, Md Rubel Singireddy, Suraj Jha, Sumit Kumar Ewetz, Rickard Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Florida Atlantic University Boca RatonFL United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Texas at Arlington ArlingtonTX United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Central Florida OrlandoFL United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Texas at San Antonio San AntonioTX United States Knight Foundation School of Computing and Information Sciences Florida International University MiamiFL United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida GainesvilleFL United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798400710773

Processing in-memory is projected to shatter the von Neumann bottleneck and enable acceleration of data-intensive applications. Flow-based computing is an efficient in-memory computing paradigm for accelerating the execution of Boolean logic. While recent synthesis algorithms can map complex functions into flow-based computing circuits, the functional correctness cannot be verified using state-of-the-art equivalence checking techniques. The challenge is that non-volatile memory devices are intrinsically bi-directional, which introduces cycles in the computational graph. These cycles break traditional equivalence checking methods that are based on SAT formulations. In this paper, we propose a framework for equivalence checking of flow-based computing circuits that is called FlowSAT. The framework captures each circuit using an undirected computational graph. The key idea of FlowSAT is to introduce helper variables, in the form of arrows, that dynamically convert the undirected graph into a directed graph. This facilitates equivalence checking to be performed using traditional SAT formulations. However, it is prohibitively expensive to ban all possible cycles using arrow variables. Therefore, we propose to eliminate cycles by iteratively adding constraints to the SAT formulation. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates that FlowSAT is up to an order of magnitude faster than state-of-the-art methods. The framework is capable of verifying all 20/20 benchmark circuits, while the previous state-of-the-art technique is only capable of verifying 12/20 circuits within a time limit of one hour. © 2024 Copyright is held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Data flow graphs

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Secure Channel Estimation Using Norm Estimation Model for 5G Next Generation Wireless Networks

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 1151-1169页

作者： Khalil Ullah Song Jian Muhammad Naeem Ul Hassan Suliman Khan Mohammad Babar Arshad Ahmad Shafiq Ahmad Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650500China Department of Computer Science Abbottabad University of Science and TechnologyHavelianAbbottabad22500Pakistan Department of Computing and Electronics Engineering Middle East CollegeMuscat124Oman Department of CS&IT Pak-Austria Fachhochschule Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology MangHaripur22621Pakistan Industrial Engineering Department College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11421Saudi Arabia

The emergence of next generation networks(NextG),including 5G and beyond,is reshaping the technological landscape of cellular and mobile *** networks are sufficiently scaled to interconnect billions of users and *** in academia and industry are focusing on technological advancements to achieve highspeed transmission,cell planning,and latency reduction to facilitate emerging applications such as virtual reality,the metaverse,smart cities,smart health,and autonomous *** continuously improves its network functionality to support these *** input multiple output(MIMO)technology offers spectral efficiency,dependability,and overall performance in *** article proposes a secure channel estimation technique in MIMO topology using a norm-estimation model to provide comprehensive insights into protecting NextG network components against adversarial *** technique aims to create long-lasting and secure NextG networks using this extended *** viability of MIMO applications and modern AI-driven methodologies to combat cybersecurity threats are explored in this ***,the proposed model demonstrates high performance in terms of reliability and accuracy,with a 20%reduction in the MalOut-RealOut-Diff metric compared to existing state-of-the-art techniques.

关键词： Next generation networks massive mimo communication network artificial intelligence 5G adversarial attacks channel estimation information security

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