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Routing and Spectrum Allocation in Broadband Quantum Entanglement Distribution

IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 2025年第5期43卷 1856-1870页

作者： Bali, Rohan Tittelbaugh, Ashley N. Jenkins, Shelbi L. Agrawal, Anuj Horgan, Jerry Ruffini, Marco Kilper, Daniel C. Bash, Boulat A. The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Arizona TucsonAZ United States The School of Computer Science and Statistics CONNECT Center Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland The Electronic and Electrical Engineering Department CONNECT Centre Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland

We investigate resource allocation for quantum entanglement distribution over an optical network. We characterize and model a network architecture that employs a single broadband quasi-deterministic time-frequency heralded Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair source, and develop a routing and spectrum allocation scheme for distributing entangled photon pairs over such a network. As our setting allows separately solving the routing and spectrum allocation problems, we first find an optimal polynomial-time routing algorithm. We then employ max-min fairness criterion for spectrum allocation, which presents an NP-hard problem. Thus, we focus on approximately-optimal schemes. We compare their performance by evaluating the max-min and median number of EPR-pair rates assigned by them, and the associated Jain index. We identify two polynomial-time approximation algorithms that perform well, or better than others under these metrics. We also investigate scalability by analyzing how the network size and connectivity affect performance using Watts-Strogatz random graphs. We find that a spectrum allocation approach that achieves higher minimum EPR-pair rate can perform significantly worse when the median EPR-pair rate, Jain index, and computational resources are considered. Additionally, we evaluate the effect of the source node placement on the performance. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Polynomial approximation

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Fast Demodulation of OFDR-Based Distributed Sensing Based on Enhanced Buneman Frequency Estimation

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Journal of Lightwave Technology 2025年第9期43卷 4283-4289页

作者： Zhang, Zhaopeng Liu, Bo Liu, Xiao Li, Caiyun Alsalman, Osamah Zhu, Chen Zhejiang Laboratory Research Center for Novel Computing Sensing and Intelligent Processing Hangzhou311121 China King Saud University Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering Riyadh11421 Saudi Arabia Missouri University of Science and Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering RollaMO65409 United States

Aiming at realizing high-efficiency distributed strain sensing through optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR), this paper introduces a fast demodulation algorithm to determine strain-induced spectral shifts from coarse Rayleigh backscattering (RBS) cross-correlation spectra. The proposed approach employs an enhanced Buneman frequency estimation (BFE) algorithm, enabling direct spectral shift analysis across coarse signals. By applying this algorithm, the need for dense interpolation in the conventional cross-correlation demodulation process—typically required for a finer spectral sampling interval but at the cost of demodulation efficiency—can be eliminated. Both theoretical analysis and experimental investigation reveal the equivalence of the BFE and conventional algorithms in terms of underlying physical principles and resultant demodulation noise distribution, establishing a strong foundation for adopting the BFE algorithm to improve demodulation efficiency without sacrificing performance metrics. Demonstration experiments using identical hardware configurations show that the proposed BFE method enhances demodulation efficiency by over 17 times without sacrificing other performance metrics, confirming its effectiveness and practicality. This advancement holds promise for improving the practical application of OFDR-based distributed sensing systems. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Frequency domain analysis

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Robust Multi-Dialect End-to-End ASR Model Jointly with Beam Search Threshold Pruning and LLM

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SN computer Science 2025年第4期6卷 1-12页

作者： Shunmuga Priya, M.C. Karthika Renuka, D. Ashok Kumar, L. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amrita School of Computing Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Coimbatore India Department of Information Technology PSG College of Technology Coimbatore India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Thiagarajar College of Engineering Madurai India

This paper aims to develop a novel robust multi-dialect end-to-end ASR system with beam search threshold pruning. The efficacy of our proposed model is evaluated using word error rate (WER). Our key contributions are: (1) To develop an end-to-end ASR system using attention-based neural network architecture and analyze the effectiveness of two features such as MFCC and log mel filter bank energies on multiple speech dialect corpora including American, Britain, and Indian accents;(2) To integrate beam search threshold pruning as a decoding mechanism to reduce the decoding time (3) To conduct an experimental analysis to test the model performance and compare the results against baseline system. (4) Post processing analysis are carried out using Llama2-7B based large language model(LLM) for enhancing the performance of proposed ASR system. The proposed model significantly improves performance by 1.91% and 4.29% over clean and noisy speech in librispeech corpus. Similarly, for the Indian accented speech, the model attains an average WER of about 6.6%. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Automatic speech recognition Beam search Decoding LLM Log Mel filter bank energies

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A Mathematical and Dynamical Model for Analyzing H-Shaped PM Vernier Motor for Electric Motorcycle Mid-Drive Applications

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IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 2025年第1期40卷 529-543页

作者： Ghods, Mehrage Faiz, Jawad Bazrafshan, Mohammad Amin Gorginpour, Hamed Toulabi, Mohammad Sedigh University of Tehran School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering Tehran*** Iran Persian Gulf University Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering and Data Science Bushehr*** Iran Oakland University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering RochesterMI48309 United States

The permanent magnet (PM) Vernier machines enhance torque density and decrease cogging torque compared to conventional permanent magnet synchronous motor. This paper presents a novel fractional-slot H-shaped PM Vernier machines, which incorporates unique design for the PM housing and rotor core construction. These designs are specifically optimized for the small-scale electric vehicles application. The choice of the PM arrangement is based on the combination of V-shaped and spoke-array PM topologies. The aim is to achieve a higher torque density than V-shaped PM machines, while reducing cogging torque compared to spoke-array PM machines. By using this methodology, leakage fluxes in the terminal region of the PMs reduce, resulting in an augmentation of both flux-linkage and power factor. A prototype 680 W motor was fabricated with 12 slots and 8 poles to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed model. Mathematical model and dynamical analysis are proposed for the analytical prediction of machine performance. Due to the unique shape feature of the machine, the conformal mapping approach is applied to design the rotor core. To validate the model, the predicted performance of the motor was compared with those obtained by finite element analysis and experiments. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Permanent magnets

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SAR Analysis in an Anatomical Head Model Using CFL-Optimized Yee Cells and an Accurate Dipole Model at 700-MHz for 5G Mobile Radiation

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 82718-82731页

作者： Jariyanorawiss, Terapass Kanjanasit, Komsan Chongburee, Wachira Sornsungnoen, Nattapon Kasetsart University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering Bangkok10900 Thailand Prince of Songkla University Phuket Campus College of Computing Phuket83120 Thailand

Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) exposure from fifth-generation (5G) mobile technology influences human health. This article proposes a numerical analysis to investigate the specific absorption rate (SAR) using an anatomical human head and accurate dipole model to examine the EMR effect at 700 MHz, a low-band frequency for 5G mobile communication. A three-dimensional (3D) digital model of a realistic human head is reconstructed using a series of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. This model encompasses various tissue types with their respective bio-material properties. The radiation from a mobile terminal is modeled using a dipole-based structure. In this study, the Unsplit-Field Finite-Difference Time-Domain (UF-FDTD) algorithm is modified for numerical analysis, with a perfectly matched layer (PML) serving as the boundary condition. The electromagnetic (EM) simulation is conducted to study the interaction between the two computational objects in the artificial absorbing environment. The Yee cell is utilized for a structured lattice in the UF-FDTD approach, characterized by its uniformity and consistent application throughout the model. The research problem involves correlating the size of the human head model with the unit cell size, which is associated with the average weight of the human brain for adults. The Yee cell is optimized based on the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) condition. This work enhances simulation accuracy twofold. First, the optimization of the unit cell size relative to the wavelength is refined in comparison to other unit cells without a phase error. This optimization leads to an accurate time-step parameter via the CFL criterion, ensuring the stability of the computer simulation. Second, the optimized grid structure of the UF-FDTD algorithm closely approximates the infinitesimal feeding gap, ensuring precise alignment with the exact dimensions of the feed-gap point in the dipole antenna configuration and accurately reflecting the effects

关键词： Antenna radiation

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Adaptive Predefined-Time Bounded Consensus Tracking Control of Multiagent Systems Under Input/Output Quantization

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IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems 2025年第5期55卷 3372-3383页

作者： Jiang, Tao Yan, Yan Ge, Shuzhi Sam Dalian Maritime University College of Marine Electrical Engineering Dalian116026 China National University of Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cluny Road 117576 Singapore

This article addresses the velocity-free predefined-time consensus tracking for multiagent systems (MASs) with input and output quantization via adaptive sliding mode control (SMC). First, a distributed predefined-time state observer is introduced to estimate the unmeasurable states. Therein, only the quantized position information is used, and the observation errors are ensured to be predefined-time bounded (PTB). Second, a class-K∞ function is employed as the adaptive gain in the SMC to diminish the dependence on prior knowledge of lumped uncertainties and quantization parameters. Subsequently, a novel SMC-based quantized consensus tracking protocol is designed using time-varying functions to achieve the predefined-time consensus tracking of MASs. Specifically, with the proposed protocol, the consensus tracking errors are guaranteed to be PTB under input and output quantization. Finally, simulations are employed to validate the performance of the proposed protocol. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Sliding mode control

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A survey on cross-user federated recommendation

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第4期68卷 7-32页

作者： Enyue YANG Yudi XIONG Wei YUAN Weike PAN Qiang YANG Zhong MING College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Queensland WeBank AI Lab WeBank Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology College of Big Data and Internet Shenzhen Technology University Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ)

Recommender systems are effective in mitigating information overload, yet the centralized storage of user data raises significant privacy concerns. Cross-user federated recommendation(CUFR) provides a promising distributed paradigm to address these concerns by enabling privacy-preserving recommendations directly on user devices. In this survey, we review and categorize current progress in CUFR, focusing on four key aspects: privacy, security, accuracy, and efficiency. Firstly,we conduct an in-depth privacy analysis, discuss various cases of privacy leakage, and then review recent methods for privacy protection. Secondly, we analyze security concerns and review recent methods for untargeted and targeted *** untargeted attack methods, we categorize them into data poisoning attack methods and parameter poisoning attack methods. For targeted attack methods, we categorize them into user-based methods and item-based methods. Thirdly,we provide an overview of the federated variants of some representative methods, and then review the recent methods for improving accuracy from two categories: data heterogeneity and high-order information. Fourthly, we review recent methods for improving training efficiency from two categories: client sampling and model compression. Finally, we conclude this survey and explore some potential future research topics in CUFR.

关键词： cross-user federated recommendation federated recommendation federated learning recommender systems user privacy

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meMIA: Multilevel Ensemble Membership Inference Attack

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2025年第1期6卷 93-106页

作者： Ullah, Najeeb Aman, Muhammad Naveed Sikdar, Biplab National University of Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 117583 Singapore University of Nebraska-Lincoln School of Computing LincolnNE68588 United States

Leakage of private information in machine learning models can lead to breaches of confidentiality, identity theft, and unauthorized access to personal data. Ensuring the safe and trustworthy deployment of AI systems necessitates addressing privacy concerns to prevent unintentional disclosure and discrimination. One significant threat, membership inference (MI) attacks, exploit vulnerabilities in target learning models to determine if a given sample was part of the training set. However, the effectiveness of existing MI attacks is often limited by the number of classes in the dataset or the need for diverse multilevel adversarial features to exploit overfitted models. To enhance MI attack performance, we propose meMIA, a novel framework based on stacked ensemble learning. meMIA integrates embeddings from a neural network (NN) and a long short-term memory (LSTM) model, training a subsequent NN, termed the meta-model, on the concatenated embeddings. This method leverages the complementary strengths of NN and LSTM models;the LSTM captures order differences in confidence scores, while the NN discerns probability distribution differences between member and nonmember samples. We extensively evaluate meMIA on seven benchmark datasets, demonstrating that it surpasses current state-of-the-art MI attacks, achieving accuracy up to 94.6% and near-perfect recall. meMIA's superior performance, especially on datasets with fewer classes, underscores the urgent need for robust defenses against privacy attacks in machine learning, contributing to the safer and more ethical use of AI technologies. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Information leakage

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Face image authentication scheme based on MTCNN and SLT

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-43页

作者： Thabit, Rasha Al-Askari, Mohanad A. Mohammed, Dunya Zeki Anaam, Elham Abdulwahab Mahmood, Zainab H. Jabbar, Dina Jamal Salih, Zahraa Aqeel Information System Department College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology University of Al-Anbar Al-Anbar Iraq Computer Engineering Department College of Engineering Al-Iraqia University Baghdad Iraq Electronic and Communications Engineering Department College of Engineering Gilgamesh University Baghdad Iraq Faculty of Computing and Informatics Multimedia University Selangor Cyberjaya Malaysia Department of Cybersecurity Engineering College of Information Engineering Al-Nahrain University Baghdad Iraq Electrical Engineering Technical Collage Middle Technical University Baghdad Iraq Department of Business Administration Alamaal University College Baghdad Iraq

DeepFakes and face image manipulation methods have been widely distributed in the last few years and several techniques have been presented to check the authenticity of the face image and detect manipulation if exists. Most of the available manipulation detection techniques have been successfully applied to reveal one type of manipulation under specific conditions, however, many limitations and challenges can be encountered in this field. To overcome some limitations and challenges, this paper presents a new face image authentication (FIA) scheme based on Multi-Task Cascaded Conventional Neural Networks (MTCNN) and watermarking in Slantlet transform (SLT) domain. The proposed FIA scheme has three main algorithms that are face detection and selection, embedding, and extraction algorithms. Different block sizes have been used to divide the image into non-overlapping blocks followed by classifying them into two groups that are blocks from face area (FA) and blocks from the remaining area (RA) of the image. In the embedding algorithms, the authentication information is generated from FA blocks and embedded in the RA blocks. In the extraction algorithms, the embedded information is extracted from RA blocks and compared with the calculated data from FA blocks to reveal manipulations and localize the manipulated blocks if exist. Extensive experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed FIA scheme for different face images. The experimental work included tests for payload, capacity, visual quality, time complexity, and localization of manipulations. The results proved the efficiency of the proposed scheme in detecting and localizing different face image manipulations such as attributes attacks, retouching attacks, expression swap, face swap, and morphing attacks. The proposed scheme overcomes many limitations and it is 100% accurate in localizing the tampered blocks which makes it a better candidate for practical applications. © The Author(s), un

关键词： Authentication

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Torque ripple minimization in an 8/6 switched reluctance motor drive: optimization using the AZOA method

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Australian Journal of electrical and Electronics engineering 2025年第1期22卷 27-44页

作者： Chaple, Megha D. Deotale, Nitin T. Deotale, Nilesh T. Department of Electrical Engineering Lokmanya Tilak College of Engineering Maharashtra Navi Mumbai India Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Lokmanya Tilak College of Engineering Maharashtra Navi Mumbai India Department of Computer Engineering St. John College of Engineering and Management Palghar India

In this manuscript, an American Zebra Optimization Algorithm (AZOA) is proposed for minimising torque-ripple in an 8/6 switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive. The major objective of the proposed technique is to improve efficiency, steady state performance, and minimise the torque ripple. The objective is achieved by applying the AZOA to determine the optimal converter topology. The switched reluctance motor is fed by three converters with three legs. It consists of freewheeling diodes, IGBTs, capacitors, and resistors. By then, the proposed technique is executed in the MATLAB software and its performance is evaluated with various existing approaches. The simulation results of the SRM drive with different converter typologies are presented to analyse its performance with torque and speed characteristics. The proposed method demonstrates superior performance across all approaches, including the heap-based optimiser (HBO), salp swarm algorithm (SSA), and cuckoo search algorithm (CSA), yielding better results. From the result, it is concluded that the proposed technique displays a high efficiency of 95% and a low cost of 1.5$ compared with other existing methods. ©, Engineers Australia.

关键词： MATLAB

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