Wideband miniaturized patch linear transmit and planar receive (TX/RX) antenna arrays are presented for microwave FMCW radar applications. RT/duroid 5880LZ laminate is used as the substrate to miniaturize the antenna ...
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The study examined various filtering methods applied to ECG signals; the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia dataset included two channels to reduce noise and artifacts while maintaining critical waveform characteristics. Initial filt...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798331532215
ISBN:
(纸本)9798331532222
The study examined various filtering methods applied to ECG signals; the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia dataset included two channels to reduce noise and artifacts while maintaining critical waveform characteristics. Initial filtering included a notch filter and a bandpass filter. Advanced filters such as Savitzky-Golay, Wavelet, Kalman, Wiener, and combined Wiener-Golay were used for noise reduction. Results showed that the Kalman filter performed best with an average SNR of 21.40 dB, while the Wavelet method worked well on channel 2. The Wiener filter was less effective due to its limited adaptability to changing noise. The combined Wiener-Savitzky-Golay filter showed a balanced performance but did not outperform the Kalman filter. Visual inspections of ECG signals from five patients revealed that the Kalman and Wavelet filters successfully maintained crucial morphological characteristics. The Savitzky-Golay filter offered effective smoothing but sometimes dampened the QRS complex, while the Wiener filter introduced high-frequency artifacts.
High luminance white light source capable of producing 363 lumens using surface PiG fabricated from YAG:Ce and borosilicate glass powder is demonstrated. Surface type PiG is fabricated using pulsed CO2 laser sintering...
For providing a safe and secure healthcare environment in vehicular multimedia networks has been emerged as a promising area because of data exchange in multimedia format. Because of properties of Long Term Evolution ...
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In this paper, two new similarity measures, namely distance of term frequency-based similarity measure (DTFSM) and presence of common terms-based similarity measure (PCTSM), are proposed to compute the similarity betw...
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Eye tracking is underpinned by the eye-mind hypothesis, which posits that individuals tend to direct their gaze toward the information they are currently cognitively engaged with. This aspect has garnered significant ...
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Preparing and manipulating N-dimensional flying qudits as well as subsequently establishing their entanglement are still challenging tasks. Here, using an integrated approach, we explore the synergy from two degrees o...
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Several years ago, an unknown person / group proposed the coined term Bitcoin, described how the innovation of the blockchain, a peer-to-peer correlated structure, could be used to shed light on the issue of maintaini...
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The Internet-of-things (IoT) is a technology that might be used to link huge amounts of equipment and gadgets in the future. This research uses a hybrid access point (HAP) to explore short packet communication (SPC), ...
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The recent surge in distributed energy resources has made voltage fluctuations more complex and unpredictable. Consequently, traditional voltage control (VC) methods such as stochastic programming and robust optimizat...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781665464543
ISBN:
(纸本)9781665464550
The recent surge in distributed energy resources has made voltage fluctuations more complex and unpredictable. Consequently, traditional voltage control (VC) methods such as stochastic programming and robust optimization may struggle to manage rapid and significant fluctuations. Facing this challenge, this paper proposes an efficient dueling deep Q network (Dueling DQN)-based autonomous VC method. This study formulates the VC as a Markov decision process and develops an agent that learns optimal operational strategies to maintain voltage levels within safe limits, ensuring grid stability and reliability. The proposed agent operates within the power system environment, designed to mimic real-world grid conditions, including voltage variability and load fluctuations. The Dueling DQN model processes comprehensive observations, including production levels, loads, and voltage measurements, to predict action values that ensure effective VC. The Dueling DQN architecture, training process, and operational mechanisms based on VC are thoroughly detailed. Extensive case studies performed on the modified IEEE 14-bus system and a reduced IEEE 118-bus system and conducted over numerous episodes, demonstrate that the Dueling DQN agent consistently outperforms deep Q networks derivatives and deep deterministic policy gradient approach.
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