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IEEE Open Journal of Signal Processing 2025年 6卷 398-404页

作者： Silveira, Ana C. Caznok do Carmo, Diedre S. Ueda, Lucas H. Fantinato, Denis G. Costa, Paula D. P. Rittner, Leticia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Department of Computer Engineering and Automation School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Campinas13083-852 Brazil Universidade Estadual de Campinas CPQD Recod.AI Institute of Computing Campinas13083-852 Brazil

Hyperspectralchannel reconstruction transforms a subsampled multispectral image into hyperspectral imaging, providing higher spectral resolution without a dedicated acquisition hardware and camera. Multi-stage Spectral-wise Transformer for Efficient Spectral Reconstruction (MST++) is a state-of-the-art channel reconstruction technique, but it faces memory limitations for high spatial-resolution images. In this context, we introduced VITMST++, a novel architecture incorporating Vision Transformer embeddings for spatial compression, multi-resolution image context, and a custom channel-weighted loss. Developed for the ICASSP 2024 HyperSkin Challenge, VITMST++ outperforms the state-of-the-art MST++ in both performance and computational efficiency in channel reconstruction. In this work, we perform a deeper analysis on the main aspects of VITMST++ efficiency, quantitative performance, and generalization to other datasets. Results show that VITMST++ achieves similar values of SAM and SSIM hyperspectral reconstruction metrics when compared to state-of-the-art methods, while consuming up to three fold less memory and needing up to 10 times fewer multiply-add operations. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Image compression

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Diamagnetically Levitated and Trapped Graphite Mechanical Resonators 38

Diamagnetically Levitated and Trapped Graphite Mechanical Re...

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38th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, MEMS 2025

作者： Wang, Yunong Gage, Alexander Lee, Jaesung Feng, Philip X.-L. University of Florida Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering GainesvilleFL32611 United States University of Central Florida College of Engineering & Computer Science Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering OrlandoFL32816 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508890

We report on studying diamagnetic levitation and rigid body resonances of millimeter- to centimeter-scale trapped graphite mechanical resonators, by combining theoretical analysis with experimental demonstrations. Harnessing the strong diamagnetic susceptibility of pyrolytic graphite, we demonstrate stable levitation of square graphite thin plates with varying dimensions and masses above permanent magnets, without the need of active control. The resonance motions are excited by dielectric gradient forces and detected via an ultrasensitive optical interferometry system at room temperature. We observe rigid body resonance modes with frequencies between 25 Hz and 50 Hz and with their quality (Q) factors from 30 to 70. The Q factors are primarily constrained by air damping and eddy current damping. This work represents an initial step toward developing high-stability, anchor-less levitating resonant systems with large masses, paving the way for high-performance resonant sensors with minimal energy dissipation and exceptional thermal and mechanical isolation with very small power consumption. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Damping

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Optimization of Power Control for Autonomous Hybrid Electric Vehicles With Flexible Power Demand

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Journal of Autonomous Vehicles and Systems 2025年第2期5卷 021002页

作者： Kargar, Mohammadali Song, Xingyong Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Department of Engineering Technology and Industrial Distribution The Department of Mechanical Engineering The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States

Technology advancement for on-road vehicles has gained significant momentum in the past decades, particularly in the field of vehicle automation and powertrain electrification. The optimization of powertrain controls for autonomous vehicles typically involves a separated consideration of the vehicle's external dynamics and powertrain dynamics, with one key aspect often overlooked. This aspect, known as flexible power demand, recognizes that the powertrain control system does not necessarily have to precisely match the power requested by the vehicle motion controller at all times. Leveraging this feature can lead to control designs achieving improved fuel economy by adding an extra degrees-of-freedom to the powertrain control while maintaining safety and drive comfort. The present research investigates the use of an approximate dynamic programming (ADP) approach to develop a powertrain controller, which takes into account the flexibility in power demand within the ADP framework. The concept of reachable sets is incorporated into the ADP framework to ensure safety, improve ride comfort, and enhance the accuracy of the optimization solution. The formulation is based on an autonomous hybrid electric vehicle, while the methodology can also be applied to other types of vehicles. It is also found that necessary customization of the ADP algorithm is needed for this particular control problem to prevent convergence issues. Finally, a case study is presented to evaluate the effectiveness of flexible power demand, as addressed by the ADP method. The experiment demonstrates a 14.1% improvement in fuel economy compared to a scenario without flexible power demand. © 2024 by ASME.

关键词： Dynamic programming

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A Novel CAPTCHA Recognition System Based on Refined Visual Attention

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第4期83卷 115-136页

作者： Zaid Derea Beiji Zou Xiaoyan Kui Monir Abdullah Alaa Thobhani Amr Abdussalam School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha410083China College of Computer Science and Information Technology Wasit UniversityWasit52001Iraq Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence College of Computing and Information TechnologyUniversity of BishaBisha67714Saudi Arabia Electronic Engineering and Information Science Department University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China

Improving website security to prevent malicious online activities is crucial,and CAPTCHA(Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell computers and Humans Apart)has emerged as a key strategy for distinguishing human users from automated ***-based CAPTCHAs,designed to be easily decipherable by humans yet challenging for machines,are a common form of this ***,advancements in deep learning have facilitated the creation of models adept at recognizing these text-based CAPTCHAs with surprising *** our comprehensive investigation into CAPTCHA recognition,we have tailored the renowned UpDown image captioning model specifically for this *** approach innovatively combines an encoder to extract both global and local features,significantly boosting the model’s capability to identify complex details within CAPTCHA *** the decoding phase,we have adopted a refined attention mechanism,integrating enhanced visual attention with dual layers of Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)networks to elevate CAPTCHA recognition *** rigorous testing across four varied datasets,including those from Weibo,BoC,Gregwar,and Captcha 0.3,demonstrates the versatility and effectiveness of our *** results not only highlight the efficiency of our approach but also offer profound insights into its applicability across different CAPTCHA types,contributing to a deeper understanding of CAPTCHA recognition technology.

关键词： Text-based CAPTCHA recognition refined visual attention web security computer vision

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Long-term solar radiation forecasting in India using EMD, EEMD, and advanced machine learning algorithms

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Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2025年第3期197卷 1-36页

作者： RajasundrapandiyanLeebanon, T. Murugan, N. S. Sakthivel Kumaresan, K. Jeyabose, Andrew Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering TamilNadu College of Engineering Tamil Nadu Coimbatore India Department of Mechanical Engineering Park College of Engineering & Technology TamilNadu Coimbatore India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal Academy of Higher Education Karnataka Manipal576104 India

Solar radiation plays a critical role in the carbon sequestration processes of terrestrial ecosystems, making it a key factor in environmental sustainability among various renewable energy sources. This study integrates two advanced signal processing techniques—empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD)—with machine learning (ML) algorithms, including multilayer perceptron (MLP), random forest regression (RFR), support vector regression (SVR), and ridge regression, to forecast long-term solar radiation. Meteorological data spanning 13 years (2000–2012) from seven locations across India (Bhubaneswar, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Nagpur, Patna, and Trivandrum) were used for training and testing. The optimal model was identified based on performance metrics, including the highest linear correlation coefficient (R), and the lowest mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE). The results indicate that EEMD integrated with ML algorithms consistently outperformed EMD-based approaches. Among the ML models evaluated, EEMD integrated with MLP achieved the best performance across all locations, with RMSE = 0.332, MAE = 0.26, and R2 = 0.99. Furthermore, a comparative analysis with previous studies demonstrated that the proposed approach provides superior accuracy, underscoring its efficacy in solar radiation forecasting. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Empirical mode decomposition

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Intelligent Guitar Chord Recognition Using Spectrogram-Based Feature Extraction and AlexNet Architecture for Categorization

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International Journal of Advanced computer Science and Applications 2025年第4期16卷 758-767页

作者： Korade, Nilesh B. Salunke, Mahendra B. Bhosle, Amol A. Sangve, Sunil M. Joshi, Dhanashri M. Asalkar, Gayatri G. Kadu, Sujata R. Sarwade, Jayesh M. Department of Computer Engineering JSPM’s Rajarshi Shahu College of Engineering Tathawade Maharashtra Pune411033 India Department of Computer Engineering PCET’s Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering and Research Ravet Maharashtra Pune412101 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of Computing MIT Art Design and Technology University Loni Kalbhor Maharashtra Pune412201 India Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Vishwakarma Institute of Technology Bibwewadi Pune411037 India Department of Computer Engineering Terna Engineering College Maharashtra Mumbai India Department of Information Technology JSPM’s Rajarshi Shahu College of Engineering Tathawade Maharashtra Pune411033 India

Chord prediction plays a key role in the advancement of musical technological innovations, such as automatic music transcription, real-time music tutoring, and intelligent composition tools. Accurate chord prediction can assist musicians, educators, and developers in constructing tools that help in learning, playing, and composing music. Background noise and audio distortions may have an impact on chord prediction accuracy, particularly in real-world situations. Chords can have distinct voicings or finger positions on the guitar, resulting in slight variations in audio representation. This study focuses on the classification of guitar chords using techniques of deep learning. There are eight major and minor guitar chords in the dataset. They have been turned into spectrograms, chromagrams, and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) so that features can be extracted. Various deep learning architectures, including CNN, ResNet50, AlexNet, and VGG, were employed to classify the chords. Experimental results demonstrated that the spectrogram-based AlexNet model outperforms others, achieving good accuracy and robustness in chord classification. The proposed study demonstrates the efficiency of spectrograms and advanced deep learning models for audio signal processing in music applications. By automating chord detection, this study provides beneficial resources for music learners as well as educators, enabling more efficient learning and real-time feedback during practice sessions. © (2025), (Science and Information Organization). All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Deep learning

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A Risk Identification Method for Power Operation Scenarios Using Image Caption and Semantic Text Similarity Analysis

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IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 2025年第6期21卷 4488-4498页

作者： Li, Wei Ma, Fuqi Jia, Rong Wang, Bo Wang, Hongxia Alharbi, Abdullah M. Xi'an University of Technology School of Electrical Engineering Xi'an710048 China Wuhan University School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Wuhan430072 China University of Denver Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering DenverCO80208 United States Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering Wadi ad-Dawasir11942 Saudi Arabia

Power production is a complex process that involves multiple interactions, which require rich semantic knowledge to categorize and evaluate. Utilizing high-level image understanding to accurately identify risks is significant in ensuring staff safety and grid stability. In this work, we propose image captioning and semantic text similarity analysis (IC-STSA), a risk identification method for complex power operation scenarios the employs image captioning and semantic text similarity analysis. First, image caption is used to transform an image at the site into the text that best describes the visual data. Next, a safe power production (SPP) knowledge base is established, after which semantic text similarity analysis is introduced to transform the risk identification into a text classification problem. By comparing the image caption information and the SPP knowledge base and identifying similarities, we achieve refined descriptions of operation scenarios and thereby risk identification. In the final step, actual images are used to verify the findings of the IC-STSA. Results show the proposed method performs well, generating accurate, targeted descriptions, and risk identification. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics Decoding Visualization Safety Production Feature extraction Electronic mail Vectors Long short term memory Knowledge based systems

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Machine Learning-Driven MPPT Techniques for Optimal Solar Energy Utilization

Machine Learning-Driven MPPT Techniques for Optimal Solar En...

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2025 IEEE SoutheastCon, SoutheastCon 2025

作者： Khanam, Jobeda J. Issapour, Marjaneh Foo, Simon Y Castillo, Paulo Farmingdale State College Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology NY United States FAMU-FSU College of Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering FL United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331504847

In this paper, we utilized machine learning (ML) algorithms to optimize Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) in photovoltaic systems. Predicting the optimal voltage is important as, at that voltage, the system gains maximum energy output and efficiency. We predicted optimal voltage from irradiance and temperature datasets by applying ML algorithm. We evaluated several ML models, finding Linear Regression to perform best with an MSE (mean square error) of 0.0024 and RMSE (root mean square error) of 0.0489. The proposed solution integrates an ML (linear regression)-driven voltage predictor, a PID controller, and a DC-DC buck-boost converter in a MATLAB simulation environment. In MATLAB Simulink, we observed that the buck-boost converter produced the same voltage as the predicted value across the load. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： MATLAB

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xCViT:Improved Vision Transformer Network with Fusion of CNN and Xception for Skin Disease Recognition with Explainable AI

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第4期83卷 1367-1398页

作者： Armughan Ali Hooria Shahbaz Robertas Damaševicius Department of Electrical Engineering Wah Engineering CollegeUniversity of WahWah Cantt47040Pakistan Department of Computer Science HITEC UniversityTaxila47080Pakistan Department of Applied Informatics Vytautas Magnus UniversityKaunas44309Lithuania

Skin cancer is the most prevalent cancer globally,primarily due to extensive exposure to Ultraviolet(UV)*** identification of skin cancer enhances the likelihood of effective treatment,as delays may lead to severe tumor *** study proposes a novel hybrid deep learning strategy to address the complex issue of skin cancer diagnosis,with an architecture that integrates a Vision Transformer,a bespoke convolutional neural network(CNN),and an Xception *** were evaluated using two benchmark datasets,HAM10000 and Skin Cancer *** the HAM10000,the model achieves a precision of 95.46%,an accuracy of 96.74%,a recall of 96.27%,specificity of 96.00%and an F1-Score of 95.86%.It obtains an accuracy of 93.19%,a precision of 93.25%,a recall of 92.80%,a specificity of 92.89%and an F1-Score of 93.19%on the Skin Cancer ISIC *** findings demonstrate that the model that was proposed is robust and trustworthy when it comes to the classification of skin *** addition,the utilization of Explainable AI techniques,such as Grad-CAM visualizations,assists in highlighting the most significant lesion areas that have an impact on the decisions that are made by the model.

关键词： Skin lesions vision transformer CNN Xception deep learning network fusion explainable AI Grad-CAM skin cancer detection

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Reliable Task Offloading for 6G-Based IoT Applications

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 2255-2274页

作者： Usman Mahmood Malik Muhammad Awais Javed Ahmad Naseem Alvi Mohammed Alkhathami Department of Computer Software Engineering National University of Science and Technology(NUST)Islamabad44000Pakistan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University IslamabadIslamabad45550Pakistan Information Systems Department College of Computer and Information SciencesImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh11432Saudi Arabia

Fog computing is a key enabling technology of 6G systems as it provides quick and reliable computing,and data storage services which are required for several 6G *** Intelligence(AI)algorithms will be an integral part of 6G systems and efficient task offloading techniques using fog computing will improve their performance and *** this paper,the focus is on the scenario of Partial Offloading of a Task to Multiple Helpers(POMH)in which larger tasks are divided into smaller subtasks and processed in parallel,hence expediting task ***,using POMH presents challenges such as breaking tasks into subtasks and scaling these subtasks based on many interdependent factors to ensure that all subtasks of a task finish simultaneously,preventing resource ***,applying matching theory to POMH scenarios results in dynamic preference profiles of helping devices due to changing subtask sizes,resulting in a difficult-to-solve,externalities *** paper introduces a novel many-to-one matching-based algorithm,designed to address the externalities problem and optimize resource allocation within POMH ***,we propose a new time-efficient preference profiling technique that further enhances time optimization in POMH *** performance of the proposed technique is thoroughly evaluated in comparison to alternate baseline schemes,revealing many advantages of the proposed *** simulation findings indisputably show that the proposed matching-based offloading technique outperforms existing methodologies in the literature,yielding a remarkable 52 reduction in task latency,particularly under high workloads.

关键词： 6G IoT task offloading fog computing

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